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"Dispepsia nonulseratif adalah suatu masalah gastrointestinal yang sering terjadi. Etiopatogenesisnya belum diketahui pasti. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor lingkungan seperti merokok, teh, alkohol, dan konsumsi NSAID terhadap dispepsia nonulseratif. Penelitian dilakukan di Bagian Gastroenterologi, Penyakit Dalam dan Radiologi IG Medical College, Shimla, India. Tiga ratus pasien dispepsia non ulseratif diteliti. Sebagai kelompok kontrol diambil dengan usia dan jenis kelamin yang sama. Riwayat merokok, teh, alkohol, dan konsumsi NSAID diteliti pada kedua kelompok. Konsumsi teh sebagai faktor lingkungan ternyata mempunyai pengaruh bermakna pada kelompok dispepsia nonulseratif, sedangkan faktor-faktor lain seperti merokok, alkohol, dan NSAID tidak mempunyai hubungan positif dengan dispepsia nonulseratif. (Med J Indones 2004; 14: 50-4)

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Non ulcer dyspepsia is a common gastrointestinal problem, the etiopathogenesis of which is not well established. This study was planned to see the effect of environmental factors like smoking, tea, alcohol, and NSAIDs consumption with non-ulcer dyspepsia. This study was conducted in the department of Gastroenterology, Medicine and Radiology of I.G. Medical College, Shimla, India. Three hundred patients of non-ulcer dyspepsia were included in the study. Each case was matched with community control of same age and sex. A detailed history of smoking, tea, alcohol, and NSAIDs consumption was taken from the patients and controls. Consumption of tea as an environmental factor was found to be statistically significant in non-ulcer dyspepsia patients as compared to controls using multivariate regression. In the present study, environmental factors like smoking, alcohol, NSAIDs consumption did not show positive co-relation with non-ulcer dyspepsia. (Med J Indones 2004; 14: 50-4)"

"Penghambatan enzim siklooksigenase merupakan dasar efikasi dan toksisitas obat anti inflamasi non steroid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi jenis obat anti inflamasi non steroid yang digunakan di poliklinik penyakit saraf Rumkital Dr. Mintohardjo Jakarta dan mengevaluasi tolerabilitas meloxicam 15 mg dengan natrium diklofenak 100 mg terhadap saluran cerna. Metode penelitian ini observasi cross-sectional dan cohort prospektif pada periode Desember 2010?Maret 2011. Pengambilan data mengenai keluhan dispepsia terkait penggunaan obat anti inflamasi non steroid terdiri dari nyeri abdomen atas, mual, muntah, kembung abdomen dan cepat kenyang dilakukan melalui wawancara berdasarkan kuesioner PADYQ (The porto alegre dyspeptic symptoms questionnaire) yaitu sebelum, setelah 2 minggu, dan setelah 4 minggu pengobatan. Hasil penelitian menyatakan obat anti inflamasi non steroid paling banyak diresepkan di poliklinik penyakit saraf Rumkital Dr. Mintohardjo adalah meloxicam (48,21%), selanjutnya natrium diklofenak (31,07%), asam mefenamat (15,36%), piroxicam (3,93%) dan asetaminofen (1,43%). Meloxicam secara bermakna menunjukkan resiko yang lebih kecil terhadap insiden saluran cerna daripada natrium diklofenak setelah 2 minggu pengobatan dalam hal keluhan nyeri abdomen atas dan kembung abdomen dengan nilai kebermaknaan pengujian masing-masing sebesar 0,020 dan 0,037. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diketahui meloxicam memiliki tolerabilitas saluran cerna lebih baik daripada natrium diklofenak setelah 2 minggu pengobatan. ......Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are associated with a high incidence of gastrointestinal side-effects. Inhibition of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme is the basis for both the efficacy and toxicity of NSAIDs. The aim of this study was to avaluate the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were used in neuro polyclinic hospital of Dr. Mintohardjo Jakarta, and to evaluate gastrointestinal tolerability of meloxicam 15 mg compared with diclofenac sodium 100 mg. The methode of this study was cross-sectional observation and cohort prospective on December 2010-March 2011. The data of dyspepsia associated were used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs consist of pain in upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting, upper abdominal bloating and early satiety collected with PADYQ (The porto alegre dyspeptic symptoms questionnaire) were assessed at baseline and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used in neuro polyclinic hospital of Dr. Mintohardjo Jakarta were meloxicam (48.21%), diclofenac sodium (31.07%), mefenamic acid (15.36%), piroxicam (3.93%) dan acetaminophen (1.43%). Insiden of adverse event after 2 weeks treatment was significantly lower in the meloxicam group compared with diclofenac sodium group in pain in upper abdomen and upper abdominal bloating (p=0.020 and p=0.037). These result suggest that meloxicam was much better tolerated than diclofenac sodium after 2 weeks treatment."

"Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is a group of drugs used to treat pain, inflammation, and fever. High consumption of NSAIDs associated with high gastrointestinal side effects. Common complaint from patients, which ranging from mild heartburn to the onset of gastrointestinal bleeding, often complicates the adequate administration of NSAIDs. Various methods have been developed to reduce the likelihood of gastroenteropathy complication. Early diagnosis, appropriate prompt treatment, as well as adequate monitoring will reduce morbidity and mortality from complications due to NSAIDs. This paper will discuss the diagnosis and management of gastro-enteropathy NSAID through approaching the underlying pathophysiology."

"Latar belakang: masyrakat Indonesia sangat terpajan oleh radiasi UV. Efek toksik radiasi UV yang terdapat di sinar matahari merupakan masalah kesehatan yang serius yang dapat berupa inflamasi (eritema), tanning, dan imunosupresi lokal ataupun sistemik. Kunyit merupakan salah satu tanaman rempah yang terkenal di Indonesia. Kurkumin merupakan suatu zat yang terdapat pada kunyit. Penelitian secara in vitro dan in vivo menunjukkan bahwa kurkumin mempunyai efek antiinflamasi yang kuat. Sediaan kurkumin yang saat ini dipasarkan di Indonesia hanya dalam bentuk sediaan oral.Tujuan: Untuk membuktikan bahwa kurkumin dalam vehikulum salep dan krim mampu memberikan efek antiinflamasi pada kulit mencit yang telah diberi sinar UV. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental untuk mengetahui manfaat pemberian kurkumin secara topikal terhadap kulit mencit yang telah disinari UV. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti mengelompokkan perlakuan pada mencit menjadi tiga kelompok, yaitu mencit yang diberi salep kurkumin 1%, kri kurkumin 1%, dan yang tidak diberi perlakuan. Hasil pengamatan dinilai secara histopatologi berdasarkan lima parameter, yaitu adanya blister, jumlah neutrofil, jumlah limfosit, jumlah fibroblast, dan morfologi kapiler.Hasil: Dengan menggunakan uji nonparametrik Kruskal-Wallis, diperoleh nilai probabilitas 0,047 (p=0,047) dilanjutkan dengan uji analisis Post Hoc dan didapatkan: kontrol dibandingkan dengan salep kurkumin 1% diperoleh nilai probabilitas 0,046 (p=0,046); kontrol dibandingkan dengan krim kurkumin 1% diperoleh nilai probabilitas 0,046 (p=0,046); krimkurkumin % dibandingkan dengan salep kurkumin 1% diperoleh nilai probabilitas 0,2 (p=0,2)Kesimpulan: terdapat perbedaan efek antiinflamasi antara salep kurkumin 1%, krim kurkumin 1%, dan yang tidak diberi perlakuan pada kulit mencit yang telah disinari sinar UV selama 5 jam; perbedaan vehikulum tidak mempengaruhi efekantiinflamasi yang diberikan oleh kurkumin.......Introduction: Indonesians are very exposed to UV irradiation. Toxic effect from the sun is a major health problem which include inflamation (erythema), tanning, and local or systemic immunosuppression. Curcuma is one of spices that is famous in Indonesia. Curcumin is the most important constituent in this plant. In vitro and in vivo researches had approved that curcumin has an antiinflammatory properties. Nowadays, curcumin that sold in Indonesia was an oral medicine.Aim: To prove that curcumin in vehicle such as ointment and vanishing cream has an antiinflammatory propesties in mice?s skin that was radiated with UV lamp. Methods: This research was an experiment in order to know the benefits of applying topical curcumin on mice?s skin that was radiated from UV lamp. In this research, the researcher devide the mice into three subgroups, which are mice given curcumin ointment 1%, vanishing 1%, and without intervention. All results were assessed by histopathology examination based on five parameters which are blisters, neutrofils, lymphocytes, morfology of dermis capiler, and fibroblast.Results: By using Kruskal-Wallis non parametric test, the probability value was 0,047. Continued with Mann_whitney test, the obtained probability values were: control compare with curcumin ointment 1% 0,046 (p=0,046), control compare curcumin vanishing cream 1% 0,046 (p=0,046), curcumin vanishing cream 1% and curcumin ointment 1% 0,2 (p=0,2)Conclusion: Curcumin ointment 1% and curcumin vanishing cream 1% exerted an antiinflammatory properties on mice?s skin that was radiated for five hours. Vehicles were not influenced the antiinflammatory properties of curcumin."

"Evaluasi Biokimiawi Bubuk Akar Withania somnifera pada Tikus yang Diinduksi Adjuvant-Arthritis. Penelitian saat ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi efek biokimiawi dari Withania somnifera Linn. Solanaceae, yang juga dikenal sebagai ashwagandha, pada tikus yang diinduksi adjuvant-arthritic. Hasil penelitian kemudian dikomparasi terhadap Indomethacin, yang merupakan obat anti peradangan non-steroid. Arthritis diinduksi dengan menggunakan injeksi Complete Freund?s Adjuvant (0,1 mL) secara intra-dermal ke telapak kaki belakang tikus Wistar albino. Akar Withania somnifera bubuk (1000 mg/kg/hari) dan Indomethacin (3 mg/kg/hari) diberikan secara oral selama 8 hari (dari hari ke 11-18) pasca dilakukannya injeksi adjuvant. Setelah masa experimen, seluruh hewan percobaan dikorbankan, kemudian sampel limpa, hati, dan serum dikumpulkan untuk analisis biokimiawi lebih jauh. Pada tikus-tikus yang diinduksi adjuvant-arthritic, terdapat peningkatan signifikan dalam aktifitas enzim glukoneogenesis, enzim petanda jaringan, level glukosa darah, jumlah sel darah putih (WBC), jumlah keping darah, tingkat sedimentasi eritrosit, dan protein fase akut (asam hyaluronic, fibrinogen dan ceruloplasmin). Sementara itu, terjadi penurunan aktifitas enzim glikolisis, berat tubuh, level hemoglobin, jumlah sel darah merah (RBC), dan volume sel yang dimampatkan (PCV). Kondisi perubahan biokimiawi yang terjadi pada hewan penderita arthritis ini membaik secara signifikan setelah pemberian bubuk akar Withania somnifera (1000 mg/kg/b.wt) dan Indomethacin (3 mg/kg/b.wt). Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa bubuk akar Withania somnifera dapat menyembuhkan perubahan biokimiawi pada adjuvant-arthritis yang disebutkan di atas. Hasil ini dapat bermanfaat dalam perawatan kondisi rheumatoid-arthritis.

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The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the biochemical effect of Withania somnifera Linn. Solanaceae, commonly known as ashwagandha on adjuvant induced arthritic rats. Results were compared to Indomethacin, a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Arthritis was induced by an intra dermal injection of Complete Freund?s Adjuvant (0.1 mL) into the right hind paw of Wistar albino rats. Withania somnifera root powder (1000 mg/kg/day) and Indomethacin (3 mg/kg/day) were orally administered for 8 days (from 11th to 18th day) after adjuvant injection. After the experimental period, all the animals were sacrificed and serum, liver and spleen samples were collected for further biochemical analysis. A significant increase in the activities of gluconeogenic enzymes, tissue marker enzymes, blood glucose level, WBC, platelet count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and acute phase proteins (hyaluronic acid, fibrinogen and ceruloplasmin) was observed in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats, whereas the activities of glycolytic enzymes, body weight, levels of hemoglobin, RBC count, and packed cell volume were found to be decreased. These biochemical alterations observed in arthritic animals were ameliorated significantly after the administration of Withania somnifera root powder (1000 mg/kg/b.wt) and Indomethacin (3 mg/kg/b.wt). Our results suggest that Withania somnifera root powder is capable of rectifying the above biochemical changes in adjuvant arthritis and it may prove to be useful in treating rheumatoid arthritis."

"The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the biochemical effect of Withania somnifera Linn. Solanaceae,commonly known as ashwagandha on adjuvant induced arthritic rats. Results were compared to Indomethacin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Arthritis was induced by an intra dermal injection of Complete Freund’s Adjuvant(0.1 mL) into the right hind paw of Wistar albino rats. Withania somnifera root powder (1000 mg/kg/day) andIndomethacin (3 mg/kg/day) were orally administered for 8 days (from 11th to 18th day) after adjuvant injection. Afterthe experimental period, all the animals were sacrificed and serum, liver and spleen samples were collected for furtherbiochemical analysis. A significant increase in the activities of gluconeogenic enzymes, tissue marker enzymes, bloodglucose level, WBC, platelet count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and acute phase proteins (hyaluronic acid,fibrinogen and ceruloplasmin) was observed in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats, whereas the activities of glycolyticenzymes, body weight, levels of hemoglobin, RBC count, and packed cell volume were found to be decreased. Thesebiochemical alterations observed in arthritic animals were ameliorated significantly after the administration of Withaniasomnifera root powder (1000 mg/kg/b.wt) and Indomethacin (3 mg/kg/b.wt). Our results suggest that Withaniasomnifera root powder is capable of rectifying the above biochemical changes in adjuvant arthritis and it may prove tobe useful in treating rheumatoid arthritis.Evaluasi Biokimiawi Bubuk Akar Withania somnifera pada Tikus yang Diinduksi Adjuvant-Arthritis. Penelitiansaat ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi efek biokimiawi dari Withania somnifera Linn. Solanaceae, yang juga dikenalsebagai ashwagandha, pada tikus yang diinduksi adjuvant-arthritic. Hasil penelitian kemudian dikomparasi terhadapIndomethacin, yang merupakan obat anti peradangan non-steroid. Arthritis diinduksi dengan menggunakan injeksiComplete Freund’s Adjuvant (0,1 mL) secara intra-dermal ke telapak kaki belakang tikus Wistar albino. Akar Withaniasomnifera bubuk (1000 mg/kg/hari) dan Indomethacin (3 mg/kg/hari) diberikan secara oral selama 8 hari (dari hari ke11-18) pasca dilakukannya injeksi adjuvant. Setelah masa experimen, seluruh hewan percobaan dikorbankan, kemudiansampel limpa, hati, dan serum dikumpulkan untuk analisis biokimiawi lebih jauh. Pada tikus-tikus yang diinduksiadjuvant-arthritic, terdapat peningkatan signifikan dalam aktifitas enzim glukoneogenesis, enzim petanda jaringan,level glukosa darah, jumlah sel darah putih (WBC), jumlah keping darah, tingkat sedimentasi eritrosit, dan protein faseakut (asam hyaluronic, fibrinogen dan ceruloplasmin). Sementara itu, terjadi penurunan aktifitas enzim glikolisis, berattubuh, level hemoglobin, jumlah sel darah merah (RBC), dan volume sel yang dimampatkan (PCV). Kondisi perubahanbiokimiawi yang terjadi pada hewan penderita arthritis ini membaik secara signifikan setelah pemberian bubuk akarWithania somnifera (1000 mg/kg/b.wt) dan Indomethacin (3 mg/kg/b.wt). Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwabubuk akar Withania somnifera dapat menyembuhkan perubahan biokimiawi pada adjuvant-arthritis yang disebutkandi atas. Hasil ini dapat bermanfaat dalam perawatan kondisi rheumatoid-arthritis."