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Abstrak :
Tulisan ini menganalisis perubahan arah kebijakan luar negeri China dalam menjalankan sanksi ekonomi berdasarkan Resolusi DK PBB terhadap Korea Utara yang dikeluarkan pada tahun 2017. Beberapa kajian terdahulu yang membahas topik ini memberikan gambaran bahwa komitmen negara anggota DK PBB serta antusiasme dari Korea Utara sangat berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan sanksi ini. Namun, dalam konteks sanksi ekonomi yang dikeluarkan DK PBB pada tahun 2017, kajian-kajian terdahulu tersebut belum menjelaskan bagaimana implementasi oleh China terkait sanksi tersebut. Hal ini mengingat China sebagai negara anggota tetap DK PBB yang seharusnya menjadi penjuru dalam penegakkan Resolusi DK PBB terbukti menjadi salah satu negara yang justru rendah komitmennya dalam menegakkan sanksi ekonomi DK PBB terhadap Korea Utara. Dengan menggunakan konsep Restrukturisasi Perubahan Kebijakan Luar Negeri (Hermann, 1990) dan Kebijakan Luar Negeri (Holsti, 2016), temuan dalam studi ini menunjukkan bahwa perubahan sikap China atas sanksi DK PBB terhadap Korea Utara dipengaruhi oleh persepsi Xi Jinping terhadap Korea Utara, pertimbangan potensi ancaman non-militer serta kepentingan strategis China di Kawasan yang juga berkaitan dengan pengaruh Amerika Serikat di Semenanjung Korea. ......This research analyzes changes in the direction of China's foreign policy in carrying out economic sanctions based on the UNSC Resolution on North Korea in 2017. Previous studies on this topic illustrate that the commitment of UN Security Council member states and the enthusiasm of North Korea greatly influence the success of the sanctions. However, in the context of economic sanctions issued by the UNSC in 2017, previous studies have not yet explained how China implements these sanctions. As a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), China should be the cornerstone in enforcing the UN Resolutions. China proved to be one of the major countries classified as not having a strong commitment in enforcing the UNSC economic sanctions against North Korea. By using the concept of Foreign Policy Restructuring (Hermann, 1990) and Foreign Policy Change (Holsti, 2016), the findings in this study indicate that the change in China's attitude towards UNSC sanctions on North Korea is influenced by Xi Jinping's perception of North Korea, potential non-military threats as well as China's strategic interests in the Region which are also related to the influence of the United States on the Korean Peninsula.

Abstrak :
Einstein, the world-renowned scientist, was also publicly committed to radical political views. Despite the vast literature on Einstein, this book is the first comprehensive study of his politics, covering his opinions and campaigns on pacifism, Zionism, control of nuclear weapons, world government, and freedom over his whole career. Most studies look at Einstein in isolation, but here he is viewed alongside a liberal international of global intellectuals, including Gandhi, Albert Schweitzer, Bertrand Russell, H. G. Wells, George Bernard Shaw, Romain Rolland, Thomas Mann, and John Dewey. Frequently called upon to join campaigns on great issues of war, peace, and social values, they all knew or corresponded with Einstein. The book is concerned with how Einstein and comparable intellectuals sought to exert a salutary moral influence, as Einstein put it in a letter to Freud, which in practice amounted to a non-political form of politics. Close attention is given to the unique qualities Einstein brought to his interventions in political debate and in particular to the struggles he experienced in retaining control of his message. His influence derived in the first instance from his celebrity status as the scientist of genius. Einsteins complex and enigmatic personality, which combined intense devotion to privacy and a capacity to perform on the public stage, also contributed to the Einstein myth. Studying Einsteins politics takes us not only into the mind of Einstein but also to the heart of the great public issues of the twentieth century.

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
On 8 June 1977,the Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmationand Developmentof International Humanitarian Law Applicable in Armed Conflicts adopted two Protocols Additional to the 1949 Geneva Conventions. This was the result of nearly ten years of intensive and delicate negotiations. Additional Protocol I protects the victims of international armed conflicts, while Additional Protocol II protects the victims of non-international armed conflicts. These Protocols, which do not replace but supplement the 1949 Geneva Conventions, updated both the law protecting war victims and the law on the conduct of hostilities. This article commemorates the 40th anniversary of the adoption of the 1977 Additional Protocols.