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Abstrak :
Deskripsi hamburan pion nukleon sampai dengan energi kinetik laboratorium pion 660 MeV diperoleh dengan memperluas model yang telah dikembangkan oleh Gross dan Surya. Amplitudo hamburan πΝ di dalam model ini diperoleh dengan menggunakan persamaan Bethe-Salpeter yang direduksi menjadi persamaan integral 3 dimensi dengan mengambil pion on-shebt pada semua keadaan intermediatenya. Kernel persamaan relativistik terdiri dari nukleon. Roper, S11, σ, dan ρ. Suku crossed nukleon, Roper, dan Sit dan suku pertukaran σ dan ρ didekati dengan pendekatan kontak. Dinamika internal eta meson, yang berasal dari peluruhan resonan 811 ikut diperhitungkan di dalam model ini untuk menjelaskan data eksperimen pada energi kinetik laboratorium pion di atas 600 MeV. Eta meson ini juga dipertahankan on-shell pada semua keadaan intermediatenya. Model ini mernberikan hasil pencocokan ke pergeseran fase gelombang S dan P yang cukup balk sampai energi kinetik laboratorium pion 660 MeV. ......The Role of S11 in Pion Nucleon ScatteringDescription of pion nucleon scattering up to 660 MeV pion laboratory kinetic energy obtained by extending pion nucleon scattering model developed previously by Gross and Surya is given in this paper. The πΝ scattering amplitude is obtained by using :3-dimensional reduction of the Bethe-Salpeter equation in which the pion is restricted to its mass shell. The kernel of the equation includes nucleon. Roper. and Su. with their corresponding crossed terms approximated by contact interaction. and contact σ and ρ like exchange terms. The dynamics of eta, which is restricted to its mass shell in all intermediate states, is included in this model to give a good description of experimental data above 600 MeV pion laboratory kinetic energy. Good fits to the S and P wave πΝ phase shifts up to 660 MeV pion laboratory kinetic energy are obtained.

Abstrak :
Telah dilakukan parameterisasi interaksi Kaon Nukleon dalam bentuk separable melalui fitting data pergeseran fase hamburan Kaon Nukleon dari analisis SAID?s untuk gelombang parsial S, P dan D, dan untuk isospin 0 dan 1. Interaksi dia- sumsikan mengambil bentuk separable rank-1 dan rank-2 dengan variasi dalam faktor bentuk. Didapatkan bahwa rank-2 dapat memfit data dengan cukup baik sampai momentum 1440 MeV/c, sementara itu tidak bagi rank-1, terutama dalam beberapa gelombang parsial. Juga ditemukan bahwa rank-1 dengan faktor bentuk yang lebih rumit dapat menggambarkan data yang lebih baik dari rank-1 yang lebih sederhana dengan pangkat yang sama. ......Parametrization of Kaon Nucleon Interaction in the separable form has been done through fitting to the phase shift data of kaon-nucleon scattering from SAID?s analysis for partial wave S, P and D, and isospin 0 and 1. The interaction is assumed to take the separable form of rank-1 and rank-2 with variation in the form factors. It is found that the rank-2 can fit the data quite well for the momentum up to 1440 MeV/c, while not for the rank-1, especially in some partial waves. It is also found that the rank-1 with more complicated form factor can describe the data better than the simple one with the same rank.

Abstrak :
During the first and second year of the research activities, the following progress has been achieved: 1. Investigation of the Response Functions. All possible Response Functions in photo- and electroproduction of kaons on the nucleon have been investigated in the framework of an isobaric model. We found that some Response Functions are sensitive to the choice of the strange hadron form factors. Meanwhile, we have also improved the elementary model for kaon photoproduction by using a certain method to maintain gauge invariance of the amplitude. We have published the results in Ref. [1, 2, 3] (see attachments). 2. Some Phenomenological Aspects in Kaon Photoproduction. The elementary operator can be used to study some interesting aspects in kaon photoproduction, i.e. the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum-rule and the missing resonance in kaon photoproduction. We have published the results in Ref. [4, 5] 3. Photoproduction of Kaon off a Deuteron. Using an established and consistent model for kaon photoproduction on the nucleon, we have calculated photoproduction of kaons on the deuteron in the frame-work of the nucleon spectator model. We have compared the result with the previous study by Xiaodong Li et. al. [6] in Ref. [7] 4. Photoproduction of Kaon off a Deuteron with Final State Interactions. The previous work has been extended by including the effects from final state inter-actions (FSI). To achieve this, we used the formalism of three-body wave functions developed by the Okayama-Bochum group. The results have been published in Ref. [8]. 5. Electroproduction of Kaon off a Deuteron with Final State Interactions. As the final work of this project, we have finished the fortran code for calculating kaon electroproduction of a deuteron. This part became a collaborated work with the Okayama-Bochum group.

Abstrak :
Fotoproduksi meson-η pada proton telah dipelajari dengan menggunakan pendekatan Lagrangian efektiv pada energi ambang sampai dengan 2.8 Gev. Perhitungan analitik dilakukan untuk daerah Born Term dan pertukaran vektor-meson, dengan menggunakan resonan S11 1535 , S11 1650 untuk spin-1/2 dan D13 1520 untuk spin-3/2. Untuk resonan spin-3/2 menggunakan bentuk propagator yang telah disederhanakan dan bentuk lengkap, nilai parameter ditentukan dengan fitting terhadap data eksperimen, penampang lintang differensial dan penampang lintang total. ......η-Meson photoproduction on the proton is studied by using the effective Lagrangian approach at the tree level in threshold energy range up to 2.8 GeV. Beside the Born and the vector meson terms, the resonance terms of S11 1535 , S11 1650 and D13 1520 , are included in the calculation of the transition amplitudes. The role of D13 resonance is investigated according to the simple and complete form of the spin 3/2 propagator. The values of model parameters are determined through fitting to the experimental data for the differential cross sections

Abstrak :
Investigation of the Response Functions. All possible Response Functions in photo- and electroproduction of kaons on the nucleon have been investigated in the framework of an isobaric model. We found that some Response Functions are sensitive to the choice of the strange hadron form factors. Meanwhile, we have also improved the elementary model for kaon photoproduction by using a certain method to maintain gauge invariance of the amplitude. We have published the results in Ref. [I, 2, 3] (see attachments). Photoproduction of Kaon off a Deuteron. Using an established and consistent model for kaon photoproduction on the nucleon, we have calculated photoproduction of kaons on the deuteron in the frame-work of the nucleon spectator model. We have compared the result with the previous study by Xiaodong Li et. al. [4].

Abstrak :
P margin-bottom: 0.08in; direction: ltr; color: rgb 0, 0, 0 ; A:link color: rgb 0, 0, 255 ; Pada tesis ini interaksi K-p kami hitung dengan menggunakan model potensial pertukaran-satu-hadron. Nilai parameter ditentukan melalui fiting dengan data eksperimen penampang lintang diferensial untuk hamburan K-p. Proses perhitungan hamburan K-p menggunakan basis tiga-dimensi. Parameter fiting terdiri dari massa cut-off, konstanta kopling ?, ?, ?, ? dan ?, dan massa ?. Proses fiting dihitung pada energi antara 51.23 dan 884.84 MeV. ...... P margin bottom 0.08in direction ltr color rgb 0, 0, 0 A link color rgb 0, 0, 255 In this thesis we present the one hadron exchange model potential for K minus p interaction. The parameters are determined by fitting with the experiment data of K minus p scattering. We calculate the K minus p scattering by using three dimensional basis. The fitting parameters consist of cut off masses and coupling constants of , , , dan , and mass of . The fitting processes are calculated in energy between 51.23 and 884.84 MeV.

Abstrak :
Telah dilakukan perhitungan pergeseran fase hamburan Pion Nukleon untuk gelombang parsial S; P dan D, dan untuk isospin 1, 2 dan 3 2 . Interaksi menggunakan bentuk separabel rank-1 dan rank-2. Parameter interaksi ditentukan melalui fittting dengan data pergeseran fase analisis SAID. Didapatkan bahwa rank-1 dan rank-2 dapat memfit data dengan baik sampai momentum 400 MeV/c. Disamping itu, rank -2 dapat menjelaskan cukup baik sampai momentum 1200 MeV/c. ...... Phaseshift of Pion-Nucleon Scattering has been calculated for the partial waves S; P, and D, and for the isospin 1,2 and 3 2 . The interaction is assumed to take the separable form of rank-1 and rank-2. Interaction parameters are determined through fitting with the phaseshift data of SAID analysis. It is found that the rank-1 and rank-2 can fit the data quite well for the momentum up to 400 MeV/c. Meanwhile, the rank-2 can describe the data fairly well for the momentum up to 1200 MeV/c.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Parameter isoskalar SNM dan parameter isovektor PNM dari berbagai nilai radius nukleon serta efek fitting pada prediksi daerah medium density dan low density PNM, dengan menggunakan nilai b = 0:0005 dan b = 0:01 serta radius nukleon 0, 0.66 fm, 0.76 fm, 0.83 fm, dan 0.99 fm telah berhasil diperoleh. Parameter isoskalar hasil fit menghasilkan nilai yang cocok dengan perhitungan DBHF untuk semua radius nukleon yang digunakan, kecuali untuk radius 0.99 fm yang tidak memenuhi prediksi EOS SNM, menurut hasil eksperimen tumbukan ion berat. Sementara itu, efek fitting untuk parameter-parameter di luar daerah fitting window tidak sesuai dengan jangkauan eksperimen dari Danielewicz, dkk. Hal ini kemungkinan diakibatkan oleh keterbatasan jangkauan parameter, nilai b, dan radius nukleon yang digunakan.

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ABSTRAK
The isoscalar parameter of SNM and isovector parameter of PNM from various nucleon size as well as the effects of fitting on medium density and low density prediction area of PNM have been investigated. To this end, we have chosen cutoff parameter b = 0:0005 and b = 0:01, with the nucleon radius of 0, 0.66, 0.76, 0.83, and 0.99 fm. The obtained isoscalar parameters lead to a good agreement with the result of the DBHF calculation for all nucleon radii used, except for rN = 0:99 fm, which does not fulfill the SNM EOS prediction based on the results of heavy ion collision. On the other hands, the effect of fitting by means of the parameters outside the upper and lower bounds does not agree with the experimental result of Danielwicz et al. It is suspected that this could happen due to the limitation of the parameter range, b, as well as the nucleon radius us