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"This paper investigates the factor determining the impact of trade development, challenges, and opportunities among various OIC countries. It studies the impact of socioeconomics, geo-political and cultural, factors using data between 2014 to 2022. The selected OIC countries from diverse regions, namely South and Southeast Asia, South America, Europe, Africa, and Central Asia. The study’s sample includes 50 countries out of a total of 57 OIC member nations. The paper employs a two-step GMM model to address endogeneity issues related to institutional variables. To account for the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on trade, we have included a Covid-19 dummy variable in the model. Our results reveal that the Covid-19 dummy variable is significant in all models, indicating its significant impact on trade. Furthermore, most of the variables included in the study are found to be significant in all models. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the factors that influence trade in OIC countries and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on trade."

"ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efek dari investasi asing langsung dan ekspor terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi (dihitung dari PDB per kapita riil) 7 negara OKI selama tahun 2000-2012, yang didasarkan pada teori pertumbuhan endogen. Penelitian ini menggunakan model panel dengan efek tetap sebagai perbandingan terhadap model lain yang menggunakan PDB harga saat ini dan variabel indikator keanggotaan OPEC, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada model pertama investasi asing langsung mempengaruhi pertumbuhan PDB secara positif, namun tidak signifikan, sementara ekspor terlihat lebih mempengaruhi pertumbuhan PDB dibandingkan investasi asing langsung. Selanjutnya, semua variable kontrol menunjukkan kontribusi yang positif dan signifikan terhadap PDB, kecuali variabel pendidikan. Pada akhirnya, model kedua mengkonfirmasi relevansi dari model pertama

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ABSTRACT

This research aims to analyze the effects of FDI and exports on economic growth (measured by real GDP per capita constant) of seven selected OIC countries during 2000-2012, based on the endogenous growth theory. Employing a panel fixed effect model in comparison to that with GDP at current PPP and dummy variable of OPEC, the result from the former model shows that FDI positively affects GDP growth, but not significant, while Exports seem to be more growthenhancing. Meanwhile, all the control variables also show positive and significant contribution to GDP, except that of education. Eventually, the later model confirms the relevance of the former.

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