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"Sampah organik sebagian besar berasal dari sampah makanan yang menyebabkan karakteristiknya memiliki konsentrasi nitrogen dan lemak tinggi, kelembaban tinggi. Limbah domestik di Indonesia memiliki karakteristik kandungan organik yang sesuai dengan kondisi anaerobik. Limbah minyak dan lemak dapat membantu dalam proses AD yang dijadikan sebagai ko-substrat.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja reaktor dry anaerobic digestion sampah makanan dan menganalisis pengaruh penambahan limbah minyak dan lemak terhadap kinerja reaktor dry anaerobic digestion. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor CSTR dengan volume terisi 400 L yang beroperasi pada suhu rata-rata 27,8 1,07oC.Penelitian operasi skenario pertama dilakukan dengan input substrat sampah makanan dengan Organic Loading Rate OLR 10 kg VS/m3 selama 43 hari dan diaduk menggunakan variasi intensitas pengadukan 30 rpm dan 60 rpm secara konstan.Operasi skenario kedua dilakukan selama 59 hari menggunakan substrat sampah makanan dan kotoran sapi banding limbah Fat Oil and Grease FOG dengan Organic Loading Rate OLR yang sama dengan skenario pertama dan diaduk menggunakan intensitas 30 rpm secara konstan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara input substrat sampah makanan dengan penambahan limbah minyak dan lemak.

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Organic waste mostly comes from food waste that has characteristics of high concentrations of nitrogen and fat, high humidity. Domestic waste in Indonesia has characteristics of organic content which is suitable with anaerobic conditions. Waste oil and fat can help in the process of AD which is used as co substrate.

This research is intended to analyze the performance of dry anaerobic digestion reactor of food waste and analyze the effect of oil and waste addition on dry anaerobic digestion reactor performance. The research was conducted using Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor CSTR with a volume of 400 L applied at an average temperature of 27.8 1.07oC.

The first scenario operation study was performed with food waste substrate input with Organic Loading rate OLR is 10 kg VS m3 for 43 days and stirred using constantly strirring intensity variation of 30 rpm and 60 rpm.

The second scenario operation was conducted for 59 days using food waste and cow dung substrate of Fat Oil and Grease waste FOG with Organic Loading Rate OLR which is similar to the first scenario and stirred using constant 30 rpm intensity.

The results of study showed that there was a significant difference between the input of food waste substrate with the addition of Fat Oil and Grease p."

"A study was carried out to evaluate the extent of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) and oil and grease (O&G) pollution in the waters of Ramsar Gazetted mangrove area Johor, during monsoon (February) and post-monsoon (May), 2013. The concentrations of |TPH obtained using UV-fluorescence spectroscopy ranged between 6.50-80.3 (mean 20.2 ±15.7) ug L-1 Tapis crude oil equivalent and O&G using gravimetric analysis ranged from 0.06-1.50 (mean 0.37 ± 0.28) mg L-1. Higher TPH in area surrounding the Kukup Island is probably due to illegal desludging and active shipping activities. The O&G was found higher in the Strait of Kukup Island and Pulai River; high surface run-off of lipophilic matters from terrestrial and anthropogenic activities could have enriched the waterways. In general, anthropogenic activities, tidal influence and dynamic of mixing affected the distribution of O&G and TPH in the study area. Values obtained were comparable to reported data elsewhere in Malaysian waters."

"Organic waste mostly comes from food waste, which has characteristics of high concentrations of nitrogen and fat, and high humidity. Domestic waste in Indonesia has a high organic content, which is suitable for anaerobic conditions. Waste oil and fat can be used as co-substrates and are helpful in yielding biogas in an anaerobic digestion (AD) process. The aim of this research is to analyze the performance of a food waste dry anaerobic digestion reactor after the addition of fat oil and grease (FOG) waste. The research was conducted using a semi-continuous stirred tank reactor (SCSTR) with an active volume of 400 L, operated at an average temperature of 27.8±1.07oC. Two experimental scenarios were performed, using varying types of food waste, food waste with cow dung as substrate, and FOG waste as co-substrate. The experiment was conducted using an Organic Loading Rate (OLR) of approximately 10 kg VS/m3, with a constant mixing intensity of 30 rpm. The results show that there was a significant difference between the input of food waste substrate with and without the addition of FOG (p<0.05). The average reduction of volatile solids (VS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in the substrate input with FOG addition was higher than without the addition. The mean percentages of COD removal and VS reduction in the substrate input with FOG addition were 63.3±2.71% and 89.30±1.55%, whereas those for substrate input without FOG addition were 59.45±4% and 77.65±1.46%, respectively. The study concludes that the use of FOG as a co-substrate in a dry AD food waste reactor is not only beneficial in reducing FOG waste generation, but also has a significant impact on reducing COD and VS, which can enhance potential biogas yield."

"Penambahan substrat sampah makanan dan limbah minyak dan lemak berpotensi menghasilkan akumulasi VFA yang berdampak kepada ketidakseimbangan proses AD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kesesuaian limbah minyak dan lemak dengan sampah makanan dan kotoran sapi yang dioperasikan menggunakan AD terhadap parameter kualitas efluen dengan mengidentifikasi hubungan antara akumulasi VFA dan LCFA dalam pembentukan biogas dan VSD. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 245 hari menggunakan Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor CSTR dengan kapasitas 400 L dengan rata-rata suhu 29 0,90 C dan pH 6,2 0,71. Reaktor dioperasikan dengan Organic Loading Rate OLR 10 Kg VS/m3.2-3hari dan pengadukan 30 rpm selama 4 jam/hari. Penelitian terdiri dari tiga variasi, yang terdiri dari variasi 1 sampah makanan dan kotoran sapi dengan perbandingan 9:1, variasi 2 limbah minyak dan lemak dengan sampah makanan dan kotoran sapi dengan perbandingan 1:7, dan variasi 3 limbah minyak dan lemak dengan sampah makanan dan kotoran sapi dengan perbandingan 1:2. Pada kondisi steady state, Variasi 1 menunjukan rata-rata reduksi COD 54,24 7,11 ; VSD 75,8 6,47 ; amonia 1,17 6,74 ; dan pH 6,0 3,87. Penambahan limbah minyak dan lemak dengan variasi 2 menunjukan hasil pengujian yang berbeda secara signifikan dengan variasi 1 yang ditandai dengan uji test-T dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95. Hasil pengujian varasi 2 menunjukan rata-rata reduksi COD mencapai 57,6 6,9 ; VSD 88,9 5,49 ; amonia 1,08 11,55 ; pH 5,82 3,6 , dan rasio VFA/TA akhir proses dengan nilai 0,36 yang menunjukan proses AD berjalan stabil dan tidak ada akumulasi VFA dan LCFA. Sedangkan variasi 3 lebih efisien dalam mengolah limbah minyak dan lemak menggunakan reaktor AD sampah makanan yang dibuktikan dengan reduksi COD diatas 50 dengan range 52,21 ndash; 68,27, rata-rata VSD 93,46, rasio VFA/TA akhir proses 0,69 yang menunjukan ada beberapa ketidakstabilan akan terjadi pada proses AD, akan tetapi, tetap tidak terjadi akumulasi VFA pada dan LCFA pada variasi 3, serta menghasilkan volume biogas tertinggi hingga 980 L/hari.......The addition of food waste substrate and waste oils and fats has the potential to produce VFA accumulation which has an impact on the imbalance of the AD process. This research was aimed to determine the suitability between of fat, oil, and grease FOG wastes, and food waste and cow mannure that was operated using AD on effluent quality parameter by identifying the relationship between VFA and LCFA accumulation in the formation of biogas and VSD. This research was conducted for 245 days used Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor CSTR with it area of capacity 400 by its averages temperature and pH, were 29 0,90 C and pH 6,2 0,71, respectively. To operate the reactor using Organic Loading Rate OLR 10 Kg VS m3.2 3day and steering 30 rpm for 4 hours day. The study consisted of three variations, consisting of variation 1 food waste and cow mannure in the ratio of 9 1 , variation 2 waste of fat, oil, and grease with food waste and cow mannure in the ratio of 1 7 , and variation 3 waste of fat, oil, and grease with food waste and cow mannure with a ratio of 1 2. In steady state conditions, Variation 1 shows the average COD reduction reached 54,24 7,11 VSD 75.81 6,47 ammonia 1,17 6,74 and pH 6,0 3,87, respectively. The addition of FOG waste with variation 2 have significantly different test results with variation 1 characterized by a test T with a 95 confidence level. The test results of variation 2 obtained that the average reduction of COD reached 57,6 6,9 VSD 88,9 5,49 ammonia 1,08 11,55 pH 5,82 3,6, and a final process VFA TA ratio of 0,36 indicating that the AD process is stable and there is no accumulation of VFA and LCFA, respectively. While the addition of FOG waste variation 3 more efficient in treating FOG waste using AD reagent food waste as evidenced by the reduction of COD above 50 with a range of 52.21 68.27 and average VSD 93.46, a final process VFA TA ratio of 0,69 indicates that some instability will occur in the AD process, however, there is no VFA accumulation in and LCFA in variation 3 with produce highest biogas volume up to 980 L day. "

"Adanya kecenderungan masyarakat Indonesia untuk mengonsumsi makanan mengandung minyak dan lemak menjadi pemicu peningkatan timbulan limbah minyak dan lemak serta nilai COD dan VS air limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi biogas dan rasio limbah minyak dan lemak dengan sampah makanan yang paling optimum.Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 42 hari inkubasi pada suhu 37˚C dengan tiga variasi rasio VS limbah minyak dan lemak dan sampah makanan yaitu 1:7, 1:2, dan 1:1 dengan metode biochemical methane potential. Limbah minyak dan lemak memiliki karakteristik COD 148 g/L, TS 763 g/L, dan VS 759 g/L.Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa limbah minyak dan lemak memiliki potensi menghasilkan biogas tertinggi melalui proses anaerobic co- digestion dengan sampah makanan dan menghasilkan 485 mLCH4/grVS dari variasi 1:7. Sementara variasi rasio limbah minyak dan lemak dengan sampah makanan 1:2 dan 1:1 hanya menghasilkan 128 dan 4 mLCH4/grVS.

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Tendency of Indonesian people to eat foods containing oils dan fats trigger increasing in generation of fat, oil, and grease waste and increasing in wastewater?s COD and VS. This research is conducted to know potential of fat, oil, and grease and its ratio with food waste that obtain the highest biogas production through biochemical methane potential method.

The research was conducted over 42 days incubation at 37˚C including three variation of volatile solids (VS) ratio of fat, oil, and grease waste with food waste, that is 1:7, 1:2, and 1:1. As co- substrate of the anaerobic co- digestion process, fat, oil, and grease characteristics are COD 148 g/L, TS 763 g/L, and VS 759 g/L.

Result showed that fat, oil, and grease waste has potential to produce biogas through anaerobic co- digestion process with food waste and produce 485 mLCH4/grVS as the highest methane yield of 1:7 ratio. While the variation of ratio fat, oil, and grease waste with food waste at 1:2 and 1:1 only produce 128 and 4 mLCH4/grVS, respectively."