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"ABSTRAKToxic online disinihibition merupakan salah satu bentuk efek yang dihasilkan dari online disinhibition effect. Efek ini dapat menimbulkan perilaku negatif seperti cyberbullying, cyberhate, dan flaming di internet. Makalah ini mencoba memberi gambaran mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi, perilaku yang didorong, serta strategi menangani dampaknya. Dengan menggunakan systematic literature review terhadap sembilan studi dari dalam dan luar negeri, diperoleh hasil bahwa terdapat beberapa penyebab yang dapat menimbulkan toxic online disinhibition terjadi, seperti lingkungan internet yang menyebabkan berkurangnya kontak mata, pada aspek psikologis terkait konsep diri dan gagalnya kontrol diri, maupun aspek dari luar seperti controllability, social identity, dan punishment certainty. Terdapat dua pendekatan yang dapat menjadi strategi dalam menangani toxic online disinhibition, yakni dengan pendekatan teknologi seperti menggunakan fitur-fitur teknologi seperti microphone dan webcam, atau dengan pendekatan non-teknologi seperti diadakannya pendidikan etika dalam berinternet, dibuatnya kode etik berinternet, pengajaran mengenai moral issue, atau juga dengan diadakannya pengawasan penggunaan internet.

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ABSTRACTToxic online disinhibition is one form of online disinhibition effect. This effect can cause negative behavior like cyberbullying, cyberhate, and flaming on the internet. This study will provide an overview of the factors that influence and encourage behaviors of toxic online disinhibition, as well as providing strategies to handle the impact. By using a systematic literature review of nine studies from home and abroad, the results show that there are several causes to toxic online disinhibition, such as the lack of eye contact in internet environment, psychological aspects related to self-concept and self-control failure, as well as aspects from external factors such as controllability, social identity, and punishment certainty. There are two approaches that can be used in dealing with toxic online disinhibition, namely with technological approaches such as using technological features like microphones and webcams, or with non-technological approaches such as holding ethics education in the internet, making ethical codes on the internet, teaching about moral issues, or also by holding surveillance of internet use."

"Komunikasi yang kini dimudahkan dengan kemunculan media sosial juga memiliki konsekuensi buruk, seperti aksi cancel culture yang berujung pada tindakan cyberbullying. Cancel culture merupakan sebuah praktik pemboikotan terhadap seseorang yang dianggap melanggar norma. Figur publik seringkali menjadi target utama cancel culture di internet dikarenakan rumor yang disebarkan di media sosial. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif studi kasus dan kajian literatur, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis cancel culture dan cyberbullying terhadap aktor Korea Selatan Kim Seonho dan idol Kim Garam di forum daring dan Twitter dengan konsep efek disinhibisi online, di mana batasan komunikasi hilang apabila dilakukan secara daring dibandingkan secara tatap muka. Hasil dari analisis menunjukkan bahwa empat dari enam dimensi efek disinhibisi online paling tampak di kasus cancel culture dan cyberbullying kedua figur publik ini, yakni dissociative anonymity, asynchronicity, dissociative imagination, dan minimization of status and authority, dengan anonimitas sebagai faktor utamanya.

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The presence of social media in the contemporary media landscape has made communication more accessible. However, the emergence of such a platform also comes with cultural consequences, such as cancel culture–a practice of boycotting someone who is considered to have violated the norm–which often leads to cyberbullying. Public figures have become the main target of cancel culture which is amplified by the online rumors spread on social media. By using qualitative case study methods and literature review, this paper aims to analyze the cancel culture and cyberbullying against South Korean actor Kim Seonho and idol Kim Garam in online forums and Twitter, with the concept of the online disinhibition effect, where communication boundaries disappear as it takes place online. The result shows that four among six dimensions of the online disinhibition effect, namely dissociative anonymity, asynchronicity, dissociative imagination, and minimization of status and authority are present in the cancel culture and cyberbullying of these two public figures, with anonymity being the main factor."