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"Fiber Optic Gyroscope adalah sensor optik yang dapat menentukan posisi sudut gerak sebuah benda. FOG bekerja bedasarkan efek Sagnac, yang menyatakan bahwa pergeseran fase antara dua gelombang berlawanan merambat dalam interferometri cincin berputar, sebanding dengan putaran kecepatan sudut. Salah satu indikator performansi sistem pengukuran yang baik adalah memiliki noise yang kecil. Angle Random Walk adalah kontribusi noise terbesar pada nilai error. Dalam penelitian ini telah dilakukan estimasi noise dari ARW. Performansi OFOG berdasarkan ARW telah dijelaskan pada simulasi ARW berdasarkan emisi foton dan jumlah data cuplik per waktu. Pengaruh ARW terhadap performasi dijelaskan pada grafik PDF. Teknik mereduksi eror dari nilai ARW juga telah dipaparkan untuk meningkatkan performansi OFOG. Telah dibangun protipe OFOG, eksperimen non noise dan analisis koreksi data output melaui simulasi, dimana data output hasil eksperimen hampir sama dengan simulasi koreksi di L = 1,5 km. Nilai ideal rentang pengukuran prototipe OFOG pada 0-5,5 ?/detik, dan nilai ARW di 4,56 x 10-2 ?/ radic;detik.

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Fiber Optic Gyroscope is an optical sensor that can determine the position of the angle of motion of an object. FOG works based on the Sagnac effect, which states that the phase shift between two opposite waves propagates in the interferometry of the rotating ring, and proportional to the angular velocity. Goodness performance indicator of measurement system, is having a small noise. Angle Random Walk is the biggest noise contribution to the error value. In this research, noise estimation from ARW has been done. OFOG performance based on ARW has been described in the ARW simulation based on photon emission and the amount of data sampling per time. The effect of ARW on performance is explained on the PDF graph. Error reduction techniques from ARW values have also been presented to improve OFOG performance. Has developed OFOG prototype, non noise experiments and output data correction analysis through simulation, where the experimental output data is almost the same as the correction simulation at L 1.5 km. The ideal value of the OFOG prototype measurement range at 0 5.5 sec, and the ARW value at 4.56 x 10 2 radic sec."

"Undang-undang Koperasi saat ini memiliki kekurangan dalam pengawasan, yang ditempatkan di bawah Kementrian Koperasi dan Usaha Kecil Menengah (KemenKopUKM) dan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK). Koperasi Simpan Pinjam telah menjadi sarang penjahat keuangan dengan kerugian sekitar Rp26 triliun di 2023 karena gagal bayar. Koperasi dikelola oleh anggotanya sendiri, dengan Kemenkop hanya memberikan pembinaan. Namun, praktik ini telah disalahgunakan untuk pengumpulan dana ilegal dan pencucian uang. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya modernisasi Koperasi dan pengawasan oleh OJK, serta penjaminan simpanan jika Koperasi gagal bayar. UU P2SK telah mengatur pengawasan Koperasi untuk non-anggota dan tindak pidana bagi penghimpunan dana ilegal, dengan sanksi yang lebih tegas. RUU Koperasi juga perlu membatasi penyertaan dan pengeluaran modal untuk menjaga fokus pada anggota. Selain itu, diperlukan standar kompetensi bagi pengawas koperasi, mengingat potensi besar aset dan cabang koperasi.......The existing Cooperative Law, supervised by the Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises (KemenKopUKM) and the Financial Services Authority (OJK), has significant weaknesses. In 2023, Savings and Loans Cooperatives, which have been exploited by financial criminals, are expected to incur about Rp. 26 trillion in losses due to defaults. Currently, cooperatives are self-regulated by their members, making oversight ineffective, and leading to misuse for illegal fundraising and money laundering. To address these issues, there's a need for stricter supervision by the OJK, modernization of cooperatives, and a state-backed safety net for member's savings. The P2SK Law already mandates OJK control over non-member services and criminal sanctions for illegal fundraising. The Cooperative Bill proposes limiting capital investment to keep cooperatives focused on member expansion. Also, the implementation of competency standards for cooperative supervisors is critical to ensure effective management of larger cooperatives."

"This book provides a concise introduction to the behavior of mechanical structures and testing their stochastic stability under the influence of noise. It explains the physical effects of noise and in particular the concept of Gaussian white noise. In closing, the book explains how to model the effects of noise on mechanical structures, and how to nullify/compensate for it by designing effective controllers."