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"There are many controversial results concerning whether the intercanine could be change. The aims of this study was 1) to improve is the intercanine width will change during orthodontic treatment and 2) are there correlation with the type of treatment. To test this hypothesis, study models of 79 patients with good condition were evaluated. This study was carried out in Orthodontic Clinic RSGM FKG-UI. The results showed that there is a significant changes in the upper and lower intercanine width in extraction group. On the other hand there was no significant changes in the upper and lower intercanine width in non extraction group."

"In this study, the ternary base alloys of nickel-copper-manganese (Ni-Cu-Mn) alloys are prepared and these ternary alloys systems, which were constituted from higher nickel and lower copper contents than copper-base alloy ones, were evaluated by a tarnish test. Tarnish tests conducted in a 0,1% sodium sulphide solution (pH=12) at 37°C. All test specimens were cast into square paddles of 15 mm x 20 mm x 2,5 mm using the lost-wax technique with a phoshate-bonded investment. The surface of the specimens were then prepared with abrasion papers down to a 600 grit finish. Tarnish attack was quantitatively evaluated by Fibre colorimetry. The results of tarnish test showed that ternary nickel-copper-manganese alloys, such as 40Ni-30Cu-30Mn and 50Ni-30Cu-20Mn, have superior tarnishment resistance than other alloys, e.g. 20Ni-40Cu-40Mn, 30Ni-30Cu-40Mn and 30Ni-40Cu-30Mn. It was also found that 40Ni-30Cu-30Mn and 50Ni-30Cu-20Mn alloys have lower values of colour change vector than the other alloys given above."