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Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Bus Terminal, as a revenue-producing service entity in the regional government jurisdiction, is expected to contribute to the independence of the region in the form of the Regional Governments Own-Source Revenue (Pendapatan Asli Daerah/PAD). However, the performance of the bus terminals levy was less than desirable. Furthermore, due to the change of authority over some type of bus terminals, it no longer able to produce revenue for the Regional Government. The authority to raise levies from the bus terminals motivated the regional government to introduce service innovations for the bus terminals under their jurisdiction. One example of such innovation was Tirtonadi Bus Terminal in Surakarta, Central Java. This study objective was to understand the impact of the terminal services innovations on the improvement of PAD in Surakarta, Central Java. The study used descriptive methods with a qualitative approach. The result of the study showed that the innovation in Tirtonadi Bus Terminal services was in the form of modernization of the bus terminals facilities. The impact of terminal services innovations on the increase of levy collections was not significant. The impact of the innovations on the improvement of services was mainly on the physical aspect. The innovations increase customer satisfaction; however, the number of passengers tend to be stagnant and even slightly decrease. Some problems also appear in relation to the change of authority over the bus terminal, in the form of transfer of personnel, funding, infrastructures, and documents (personil, pendanaan, sarana/prasarana dan dokumen/P3D). The change of the authority has a positive impact on the management of the bus terminal. To reap the benefit, the bus terminal management should be directed to utilize a Public Private Partnership cooperation (PPP), change the revenue base and adopt the transit-oriented development (TOD) approach.

Abstrak :
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) merupakan suatu rencana aksi global yang disepakati oleh para pemimpin negara di dunia, guna mengakhiri kemiskinan, mengurangi kesenjangan dan melindungi lingkungan. SDGs berisi 17 Tujuan dan 169 Target yang diharapkan dapat dicapai pada tahun 2030. Di Indonesia, SDGs mulai diterapkan pada tahun 2015. Penelitian ini melibatkan 34 Provinsi sebagai sampel dengan tahun pengamatan 2015-2016. Analisis regresi berganda digunakan dalam pengujian hipotesis dengan data pencapaian SDGs hasil scoring penulis dan Alisjahbana, et al. (2018) sebagai variabel dependen. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan hasil yaitu Luas wilayah, Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah yang mewakili karakteristik pemerintah daerah berpengaruh terhadap SDGs. ......The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is a global action plan approved by world leaders, to put an end to poverty, diminish social discrepancies, and protect the environment. The SDGs contain 17 objectives and 169 targets that are expected to be achieved by 2030. Indonesia began to implement SDGs in 2015. This study involved 34 provinces as the samples with the observation period of 2015 – 2016. Multiple regression analysis was used for testing the hypothesis by having a result of scoring the accomplishment of Sustainable Development Goals. The result obtained by this study is the characteristic of local government presented by region size, number of the regional work units, and local own-source revenue impacting the accomplishment of SDGs.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan Tingkat Diversifikasi Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) dan Elastisitas Fiskal terhadap Kemandirian Daerah pada Pemerintah Kabupaten Kota di Indonesia dalam rentang tahun 2015 s.d. 2021. Penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya hanya berfokus kepada dampak PAD terhadap kemandirian daerah tetapi tidak melihat dari sisi tingkat diversifikasi dan elastisitas PAD terhadap kemandirian daerah. Tingkat diversifikasi PAD diukur dengan Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) sedangkan elastisitas fiskal dihitung dengan membandingkan perubahan PAD terhadap perubahan PDRB. Variabel kontrol yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pertumbuhan ekonomi, kapasitas fiskal daerah dan tingkat kepadatan penduduk. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yakni data realisasi pendapatan daerah, pendapatan asli daerah, PDRB, jumlah penduduk, luas wilayah dan indeks kapasitas fiskal daerah yang tersedia untuk 330 kabupaten dan 87 kota di Indonesia dalam periode 2015- 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengujian regresi data panel dengan fixed effect model. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat diversifikasi PAD memiliki hubungan negatif dengan kemandirian daerah. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin banyaknya komponen pendapatan dalam PAD atau semakin banyaknya diversifikasi PAD justru memiliki hubungan negatif dengan tingkat kemandirian daerah. Selanjutnya, elastisitas fiskal terbukti tidak memiliki hubungan dengan kemandirian daerah yang menunjukkan bahwa elastis tidaknya PAD suatu daerah tidak berhubungan dengan kemandirian fiskalnya. Untuk tiga variabel kontrol yang ada hanya satu variabel yang tidak memiliki hubungan dengan kemandirian daerah yakni pertumbuhan ekonomi dan dua sisanya memiliki hubungan positif dengan kemandirian daerah yakni kapasitas fiskal daerah dan kepadatan penduduk. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mengisi kesenjangan studi sebelumnya yang hanya berfokus hanya pada hubungan nominal PAD terhadap kemandirian daerah. Penelitian ini juga diharapkan mampu memberikan informasi dan evaluasi bagi pemerintah daerah dalam pengelolaan PAD ke depan untuk dapat meningkatkan kemandirian daerah. ......This research has objective to analyze the relationship between the Level of Local Own-source Revenue (LOR) Diversification and Fiscal Elasticity on Level of Local Autonomy in Local Governments in Indonesia from 2015 to 2021. Previous studies have focused solely on the impact of LOR on Level of Local Autonomy, without considering the aspects of diversification and LOR elasticity in relation to Level of Local Autonomy. The level of LOR diversification is measured using the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), while fiscal elasticity is calculated by comparing changes in LOR to changes in Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) Control variables used in this study include economic growth, regional fiscal capacity, and population density. The data used in this study include actual regional revenue, local own-source revenue, PDRB, population size, land area, and the index of regional fiscal capacity for 330 regencies and 87 cities in Indonesia from 2015 to 2021. The research employs a panel data regression test using a fixed effect model. The results indicate that the level of LOR diversification has a negative relationship with Level of Local Autonomy, suggesting that an increased number of revenue components in LOR or greater diversification of LOR is negatively associated with the level of Level of Local Autonomy. Furthermore, fiscal elasticity is found to have no relationship with Level of Local Autonomy, indicating that the elasticity of a region's LOR is not related to its fiscal autonomy. Among the three control variables, only one variable, economic growth, is not associated with Level of Local Autonomy, while the other two variables, regional fiscal capacity, and population density, show a positive relationship with Level of Local Autonomy. This study has objective to fill the gap in previous research that focused solely on the nominal impact of LOR on Level of Local Autonomy. It is also expected to provide information and evaluation for regional governments in managing LOR in the future to enhance Level of Local Autonomy.

Abstrak :
Abstract Indonesia has implemented a new policy of regional autonomy and fiscal decentralization for almost ten years. One of the objectives of this fiscal decentralization is to give the full autonomy to local governments in spending and managing their revenues. The local governments have the authority to explore and collect their own-source revenue ('Pendapatan Asli Daerah', or PAD), i.e. through the improvement of their tax effort. The objectives of this study are: (i) to describe the fiscal performance of districts and municipalities in Indonesia, both in the revenue as well as the expenditure sides, (ii) to analyze the effects of intergovernmental transfers (?dana perimbangan', or balancing fund from the central to regional governments) on regional tax efforts, and (iii) to identify the regional economic growth elasticity of intergovernmental transfers and own-source revenue. This study employs a panel data set of 336 districts and municipalities covering the whole area of Indonesia over the time period of 2001-2008. The results show a relatively low contribution of PAD to regional revenues, indicating high fiscal dependency of regional governments on the central government. Intergovernmental transfers positively effect tax efforts. The result of the elasticity analysis also indicates a positive role of the transfers as stimuli to economic growth.

Abstrak :
Abstract Indonesia has implemented a new policy of regional autonomy and fiscal decentralization for almost ten years. One of the objectives of this fiscal decentralization is to give the full autonomy to local governments in spending and managing their revenues. The local governments have the authority to explore and collect their own-source revenue ('Pendapatan Asli Daerah', or PAD), i.e. through the improvement of their tax effort. The objectives of this study are: (i) to describe the fiscal performance of districts and municipalities in Indonesia, both in the revenue as well as the expenditure sides, (ii) to analyze the effects of intergovernmental transfers (?dana perimbangan', or balancing fund from the central to regional governments) on regional tax efforts, and (iii) to identify the regional economic growth elasticity of intergovernmental transfers and own-source revenue. This study employs a panel data set of 336 districts and municipalities covering the whole area of Indonesia over the time period of 2001-2008. The results show a relatively low contribution of PAD to regional revenues, indicating high fiscal dependency of regional governments on the central government. Intergovernmental transfers positively effect tax efforts. The result of the elasticity analysis also indicates a positive role of the transfers as stimuli to economic growth.

Abstrak :
Sebagai agent of regional development, Bank Pembangunan Daerah (BPD) sudah seharusnya mampu mendorong percepatan pembangunan daerah setempat guna membantu perkembangan pembangunan nasional di Indonesia. Salah satu upaya BPD dalam membantu pembangunan daerah adalah dengan memanfaatkan tugas utamanya sebagai sebuah lembaga keuangan, yakni menyalurkan dana himpunan kepada masyarakat dalam bentuk kredit, terutama pada sektor produktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh impor non-migas, PDRB, PAD, ROA, CAR, NPL, DPK, size, dan suku bunga kredit terhadap penyaluran kredit dan kredit produktif BPD di seluruh Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyaluran kredit dipengaruhi oleh jumlah impor non-migas, PAD, CAR, NPL, size, dan suku bunga kredit. Sedangkan penyaluran kredit produktif dipengaruhi oleh PDRB, CAR, DPK, dan size ......As agent of regional development, Regional Development Banks should be able to stimulate the development of local area in order to increase national development in Indonesia. One thing that Regional Development can do in order to stimulate the regional development is maximize its main duty as financial institution, which has to distribute funds from third party in the form of credit, especially in productive sector. This research is focusing on the effect of non-oil and gas import, Gross Domestic Regional Product, and Own-Source Revenue, ROA, CAR, NPL, Third Party Funds, size, and interest rate toward credit and productive loan distribution of Regional Development Banks in Indonesia. The result shows that credit distribution is affected significantly by non-oil and gas import, Own-Source Revenue, CAR, NPL, size, and interest rate. Meanwhile, productive loan distribution is affected by Gross Domestic Regional Product, CAR, Third Party Funds, and size.