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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Kebakaran pada bangunan baik komersial maupun industri selama ini selalu mengkambing hitamkan listrik sebagai penyebab. Terlepas apakah benar kebakaran tersebut diakibatkan oleh listrik atau tidak namun hasil statistik baik international maupun nasional menyatakan bahwa kebakaran akibat listrik diatas 83 . Dari 83 kebakaran akibat listrik tersebut 90 dinyatakan bahwa kebakaran diakibatkan oleh hubungan pendek listrik electrical short circuit . Dari 90 kebakaran yang diakibatkan listrik 97 dimulai dari kabel ukuran kecil atau bisa dikatakan sebagai kabel yang digunakan sehari - hari dimana ukuran penampangnya antara 1 mm2 sampai dengan 2,5 mm2. Proses terjadinya kebakaran karena listrik dalam kondisi normal selalu dimulai dengan adanya perubahan atau kenaikan temperatur dalam inti kabel yang umumnya logam heat source dan adanya isolasi kabel pada kondisi tertentu berubah menjadi bahan bakar fuel dan oksigen yang tersedia. Pada kondisi normal komposisi oksigen di atmosfir sekitar 20,9 , nitrogen sekitar 78 dan sisanya diisi oleh komposisi gas lainnya sampai dengan 100 . Salah satu jalan untuk menghambat tumbuhnya api pada kabel listrik adalah dengan mengurangi konsentrasi oksigen sampai batas tertentu dimana pada konsentrasi ini api dapat dihambat bahkan dihindari pertumbuhannya, namun disisi lain penurunan konsentrasi oksigen ini harus masih dalam batas aman bagi manusia. Hasil penelitian ini dapat diaplikasikan pada panel listrik, ruang panel listrik, ruang kontrol, ruang IT dan ruang terbatas confined space dengan potensi penyalaan yang tinggi seperti adanya instalasi pengkabelan listrik. Untuk menguji pada konsentrasi berapa persen oksigen efektif dan bisa digunakan sebagai sarana pencegah kebakaran digunakan DSC Digital Scanning Calorimetre dan TGA Thermal Gravimetry Analysis . DSC akan menunjukkan berapa energi yang dibutuhkan untuk merusak isolasi dan mulai terdekomposisi, sedangkan TGA untuk melihat berapa banyak perubahan massa mass change yang terjadi.

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ABSTRACT
Fire on buildings, both in commercial and industrial buildings always caused by electricity. Regardless whether the fire was caused by electrical system or not, but the results of both international and national statistics stated that the fire caused by electricity above 83 . From the 83 of the electrical fire caused, 90 stated that the fire caused by an electric fault. From the 90 of electrical fires, 97 trigerring and starting from small cables and wires or can be assumed the cable for daily common use with sizes among 1 mm2 to 2,5 mm2. The process of electrical fire on electrical cable on normal condition beginning from temperature changes or temperature increasing inside cable core that commonly made from metal heat source , their insulation becomes as fuel and existence of oxygen. In normal condition in atmospheric the composition of oxygen is 20,9 , nitrogen 78 and the rest was filled by another gas composition to 100 . One of the ways to inhibit the fire gowth on electrical cable is to reduce oxygen concentration to a certain where in this oxygen concentration fire growth can be avoid, however the decreasing of oxygen concentration should be safe for human life. This study can be applied on electrical distribution bard, electrical distribution room, control room, IT room and confined space with high potential igtion such as electrical cable installtion system. It as also possible to replacing exitiguishing system with characteristic could damage the environtment and electrical installation and its equipment protected. To investigate at what oxygen concentration is most effective used for fire prevention DSC Digital Scanning Calorimeter and TGA Thermal Calorimeter Gravimetry are use, DSC using to investigate energy needed to damage the cable insulation and begin to decomposition, while TGA to investigate how much are mass change during fire processing.

Abstrak :
A series of laboratory tests for electrical fires have been carried out by researchers, and some of the results have confirmed and been adopted as standard. However, the studies focus on electrical fires in PVC insulation material and the melting temperature and toxicity of PVC insulation. By focusing on heat conductors, the growth and spread of a fire can be eliminated by reducing the oxygen concentration, especially inside the compartment. Electrical fires are the most common cause of compartment and building fires both internationally and nationally, according to statistics (Liu & Benichou, 2008). Whatever the triggers are inside the electrical compartment on the connection, termination, or cable, this research looks into electrical fires caused by 1.0–1.5 mmsq electrical cables. Electrical fires in cables are normally started by increasing temperatures inside the cable conductor. By controlling and adjusting the oxygen concentration inside the electrical compartment under atmospheric concentration, one can hamper a fire’s start, trigger, propagation, and growth. This study investigates the effectiveness of oxygen concentration on preventing the growth of fires triggered by electrical cabling. A series of studies were created in laboratory scale in a horizontal compartment with oxygen levels of 19%, 17%, and 15%. This paper presents the results of this experiment by studying the effects of reducing oxygen concentration on the fire growth in cable network in a horizontal orientation. The results show that controlling the oxygen concentration at levels lower than atmospheric concentrations can effectively reduce the propensity for cable ignition and lower the fire propagation rate.