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Abstrak :
Tesis ini bertujuan untuk menghitung perkiraan potensi penerimaan Pajak Penghasilan Pasal 21 tahun 2005 s/d 2008 serta membandingkannya dengan realisasi penerimaan. Hasil pengolahan data adalah perkiraan potensi lebih besar dari realisasinya. Besarnya rasio cakupan rata-rata 85 %. Sektor usaha yang mempunyai potensi terbesar serta rasio cakupan terkecil adalah industri lainnya dan jasa-jasa. Pada sektor tersebut prosentase tenaga kerja di kegiatan informal lebih besar daripada formal. Saran kepada DJP agar dilakukan perbaikan sistem informasi Wajib Pajak, pembuatan aturan pelaksanaan pemberian data dari pihak ketiga serta mengadakan pembinaan bendaharawan pemerintah. ......This research has two main objectives. First objective is to calculate Tax Art 21 potential revenue in 2005-2008 and second objective is to compare with its actual receipts. Data tabulation shows that tax potential is greater than tax revenue. Tax coverage ratio is about 85%. Business sector which has the largest potential revenue and the lowest coverage ratio is other industry and Services industry. The percentage of formal labor is greater than informal labor in that sector. Finally, there are some suggestions for tax authority (Directorate General of Tax) to raise the tax revenues which are improving taxpayer Information system, making rule of implementing database from the third party and managing government treasurer about withholding tax duty.

Abstrak :
Peraturan Pemerintah No. 46 Tahun 2015 yang memperbolehkan pengambilan Jaminan Hari Tua (JHT) secara bertahap memicu perselisihan di antara masyarakat dengan otoritas pajak. Perselisihan ini disebabkan adanya perlakuan pajak progresif pada pengambilan bertahap, sementara pengambilan sekaligus diperlakukan dengan tarif prefresial dan final. Tujuan Penelitian ini menganalisis perbedaan perlakuan tersebut dalam dimensi asas keadilan dan netralitas pajak. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan perlakuan pajak dalam Peraturan Pemerintah No. 68 Tahun 2019 mendistorsi asas keadilan atas penghasilan JHT dan memberikan pengaruh bagi masyarakat dalam melakukan penarikan JHT sehingga tidak netral. ......Government Regulation No. 46 Year 2015 that enables gradual withdrawal on Old Age Saving sparks a conflict between society and The Tax Authority. The major reason of this conflict is the imposition of progressive tax rate on the Old Age Saving partial withdrawal while the full withdrawal that is made at once is withold with preferential rate and final treatment. This research analyzes the difference of tax witholding treatment on Old Age Saving income under tax equity and neutrality principle. The research is conducted using qualitative approach with in-depth interviews as data collecting technique. The result suggests that the tax treatment under Government Regulation No. 68 Year 2019 distorts the equity principle and poses a degree of influence on the tax payers to withdraw Old Age Saving; hence makes it not neutral.

Abstrak :
Setelah berbagai insentif pajak Covid-19 (Covid) digelontorkan oleh pemerintah, sudah saatnya dilakukan pengujian efektivitas kebijakan agar dapat mengurangi defisit anggaran negara. Insentif Pajak Penghasilan Pasal 21 Ditanggung Pemerintah (PPh 21 DTP) merupakan salah satu kebijakan insentif pajak Covid yang dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan daya beli masyarakat berstatus pegawai. Namun, adanya ketimpangan yang secara relatif signifikan antara alokasi anggaran dan realisasi anggaran (tax expenditure) atas insentif PPh 21 DTP, menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan insentif PPh 21 DTP masih sepi peminat. Tujun penelitian ini adalah untuk terukurnya efektivitas kebijakan insentif PPh 21 DTP dalam meningkatkan daya beli Wajib Pajak berstatus pegawai dan teridentifikasinya kendala yang dihadapi pemotong Pajak Penghasilan Pasal 21 (PPh 21) dalam memanfaatkan insentif PPh 21 DTP di Kecamatan Bekasi Barat. Pengukuran terhadap konsep efektivitas kebijakan diimplementasikan berdasarkan teori yang dikemukakan oleh Knoepfel. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data survey terhadap sejumlah pegawai yang memanfaatkan insentif PPh 21 DTP dan perusahaaan-perusahaan yang memanfaatkan insentif PPh 21 DTP di Kecamatan Bekasi Barat. Survey dilakukan secara daring dan luring, dengan menggunakan teknik self-administered questioner maupun face-to-face interview. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan insentif PPh 21 DTP dalam meningkatkan daya beli Wajib Pajak berstatus pegawai masih “Kurang Efektif”. Secara lebih spesifik, pengukuran dalam dimensi impact mencatat perolehan angka dalam kategori “Cukup Berdampak”, sedangkan dalam dimensi outcome mencatat perolehan angka dalam kategori “Kurang Memberi Manfaat”. Pemberi kerja diketahui menghadapi kendala-kendala dalam memanfaatkan insentif, yaitu adanya kewajiban administratif yang sepenuhnya dibebankan terhadap pemberi kerja, kewajiban tambahan untuk melaksanakan pendataan terhadap pegawai-pegawai nya, dan adanya potensi pengenaan sanksi administrasi secara tidak langsung atas kealpaan maupun kelalaian dalam melaksanakan pelaporan realisasi insentif. ......After various Covid-19 (Covid) tax incentives have been disbursed by the government, it is time to test policies in order to reduce the state budget deficit. The Employment Income Tax Incentive Borne by the Government is one of the Covid tax policies used to increase the purchasing power of society with employee status. However, the relatively significant gap between the budget allocation and the budget realization for Employment Income Tax Incentive Policy Borne by the Government, shows that the Employment Income Tax Incentive Policy Borne by the Government is still lacking in interest. The purpose of this study is to measure the policy effectiveness of the Employment Income Tax Incentive Borne by the Government in increasing the purchasing power of the taxpayer with employee status and to identify the obstacles faced by the withholding agent of Employment Income Tax in utilizing the incentives of the Employment Income Tax Borne by the Government in the West Bekasi District. The measurement of the policy effectiveness concept that is implemented is based on the theory proposed by Knoepfel. The research was conducted using a quantitative approach with survey data collection techniques on the number of employees who utilize Employment Income Tax Borne by the Government and companies that utilize the Employment Income Tax Borne by the Government in the West Bekasi District. The survey was conducted online and offline based on a self-administered questionnaire and face-to-face interview techniques. The results of the study indicate that the policy effectiveness of the Employment Income Tax Incentive Borne by the Government is still "Less Effective”. More specifically, the measurement in the impact dimension recorded a score in the "Quite Impactful" category, while in the outcome dimension it recorded a score in the "Less Useful" category. Employers are known to face obstacles in utilizing incentives, namely administrative obligations wholly passed on to the employer, the additional obligation to collect data from employees, and the possibility of imposing indirect administrative sanctions for negligence or omission in the implementation of the incentive realization reporting.