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"ABSTRAKObjektifTujuan penelitian ini melihat pengaruh minyak buah merah Pandanus conoideus Lampada hati tikus yang cedera akibat D galaktosaminMetodePenelitian ini dilakukan terhadap tikus putih jantan strain Sprague Dawley berumur 2 3bulan dengan berat badan 120 150 gram Pada penelitian ini digunakan rancanganacak Dibagi dalam lima kelompok masing masing kelompok enam ekor mendapatperlakuan selama empat minggu Kelompok kontrol (kelompok 1) diberi air kelompokdiberi MBM (kelompok 2) kelompok diberi D galaktosamin (Kelompok 3) kelompokdiberi minyak buah merah selama satu minggu kemudian diberikan D galaktosamin(Kelompok 4) kelompok diben minyak buah merah dan D galaktosamin secarabersamaan (Kelompok 5) Dosis MBM yang digunakan 1 ml/ kgBB/han per oral dosis Dgalaktosamin 200 mg/KgBB/minggu secara intrapentoneal Parameter yang diuji adalahMDA plasma MDA hati GPT plasma GPT hati berat badan berat hati dan gambaranhistopatologik hati Data hasil pengukuran antara kelompok perlakuan dilakukan denganmengukur koefisien vanan Hasil data berdistnbusi normal dilanjutkan uji parametrik 1way Anova kemudian dengan uji post hoc Turkey Hasil data perbandingan tiap mingguyang berdistnbusi normal dilakukan uji parametrik 2 way Anova kemudian dilanjutkandengan uji multiple komparasi Bonferrom Hasil data berdistnbusi tidak normal makadianalisa dengan uji non parametnk Kruskall wallis dan dilanjutkan dengan uji TamhaneData yang diperoleh dan pembacaan skala diolah dengan cara krostabulasi kemudiandilanjutkan dengan uji Chi SguareHasilHasil pengukuran MDA plasma menunjukan D galaktosamin ini dapatmeningkatkan MDA plasma setiap minggunya hasil ini menunjukan bahwa Dgalaktosamin mengakibatkan kerusakan oksidatif molekul lipid sejak awal pengamatanpada minggu pertama Tampaknya efek protektif MBM terhadap D galaktosamin masihada pada minggu pertama hal ini mungkin disebabkan oleh antioksidan yang terdapatdalam MBM pada minggu pertama masih dapat menetralisir stress oksidatif yangditimbulkan oleh D galaktosamin Disamping itu mungkin D galaktosamin belum bekerjamaksimal merusak pada minggu pertama Pada kelompok MBM + D galaktosaminhasil MDA plasma lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok D galaktosamin mungkin inidikarenakan stress oksidatif yang ditimbulkan MBM + D galaktosamin lebih tinggi dibandingkan D galaktosamin itu sendiri Secara statistik MDA jaringan hatimenunjukkan D galaktosamin mengakibatkan kerusakan oksidatif Juga pada MBMsendiri menyebabkan stress oksidatif sehingga bila diberikan bersamaan dengan Dgalaktosamin kerusakan yang diakibatkannya menjadi lebih tinggi dibandingkan denganhanya diberi D galaktosamin Hasil MDA jaringan hati menunjukkan bahwa MBMbersifat toksik terhadap hati sehingga menyebabkan peroksidasi lipidDari hasil pemenksaan GPT plasma disimpulkan D galaktosamin mempunyaiefek merusak hati hasil yang didapat juga mulai terlihat pada minggu ke 2 dan biladiberi bersamaan dengan MBM ternyata GPT plasma melonjak lebih tinggiPeningkatan ini mengindikasikan bahwa MBM berpotensi merusak sel hati Hasilpemeriksaan GPT janngan hati juga menunjukkan D galaktosamin menyebabkankerusakan janngan hati dan MBM sendm membuat kerusakan struktur sehingga biladiberi lebih lama yaitu satu minggu sebelumnya yang dimaksudkan untuk perlindunganternyata kerusakan yang terjadi lebih tinggiDari hasil pengukuran berat hati disimpulkan bahwa D galaktosamin inimeningkatkan berat hati secara bermakna karena D galaktosamin ini mempunyai efekmerusak sel hati Dan MBM juga menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatan berat hati jadidisimpulkan MBM tidak dapat memben perlindungan terhadap sel hatiHasil pengukuran berat badan menunjukkan D galaktosamin menyebabkanpenurunan berat badan tapi sangat mengherankan ternyata bila MBM diberikan satuminggu sebelumnya menyebabkan peningkatan berat badan mungkin disim karenaMBM mengandung multivitamin yang menyebabkan keinginan untuk makanmeningkat Bila diberikan bersamaan MBM dan D-galaktosamin ternyata menunjukkanbahwa dengan pembenan MBM tersebut berat badan tidak dapat berubah secarabermakna kemungkinan ini karena efek dari MBM tidak dapat menetralisir efek dari Dgalaktosamin Efek MBM sendiri secara statistik tidak dapat meningkatkan berat badanPada pemenksaan histopatologi hasil yang didapat tidak terlalu mencolok antarkelompok Hal tersebut cukup mendukung hasil pemenksaan GPT plasma maupunGPT hati walaupun terjadi perubahan secara biokimia dan fisiologi tapi mungkinbelum mengakibatkan kerusakan organik yang bermakna secara histopatologiKerusakan anatomi akan didapat bila zat yang dipakai berlebihan dalam jangka yanglamaKesimpulanMinyak buah merah tidak mempunyai efek protektif terhadap D galaktosamin.

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ABSTRACTBackgroudRed fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) oil is an antioxidant supplement which hasbeen reported to contain complete nutrient compositions including p carotene and atocopherolObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of red fruit oil on rat liversinjured by D galactosamineMethodsThis study was conducted on 2 3 months old male rats of Sprague Dawley straineach weighing about 120 150 grams We used randomized samples We divided therats into five groups each group consisted of six rats Each group received a differenttreatment for four weeks Group 1 (control) only received water group 2 received redfruit oil Group 3 received D galactosamine Group 4 received red fruit oil for one weekearlier and then continued with D galactosamine Group 5 received red fruit oil alongwith D galactosamine The red fruit oil supplement was given orally 1 ml/ kg BW/day for4 weeks D galactosamine was given intrapentonealy 200 mg/kg BW/ week Every weekblood samples were obtained to measure the plasma MDA and plasma GPT levels Afterfour weeks blood samples and liver tissues were obtained to measure the plasma MDAliver MDA plasma GPT liver GPT body weight liver weight and histopathologicalfeature of liver were determined as parameters The obtained values were analyzedusing parametric test 1 way Anova and continued with post Turkey hoc test The dataresults with normal distnbution were compared every week then parametnc tests 2 wayAnova was conduted and continued with test of Bonferrom multiple comparisons Thedata which were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis and Tamhane test showed that thedistnbution was normal The values obtained by scale reading were analyzed usingcrosstabulation method and continued with test of Chi-SquareResultsThe measurement of plasma MDA every week after treatment with Dgalactosamine showed an increase of plasma MDA This result showed that Dgalactosamine causes oxidative damage to lipid molecule since in early perception atfirst week The protective effect of MBM to D galactosamine was seen at the first weekThis effect was presumably caused by the antioxidative effects of MBM whichneutralized the oxidative stress induced by D galactosamine Also it was possible thatthe peak toxic effect of D galactosamine had not appeared during the first week of thestudy The plasma MDA level of group 4 dan 5 were higher than that of group 3 possibly because oxidative stress generated by MBM + D galactosamine was higher than the Dgalactosamme itselfThe examination of the tissue liver MDA statistically showed that Dgalactosamine caused oxidative damage MBM alone also caused oxidative stress sowhen it was co admimstered with higher D galactosamine the result was higherplasma level of MDA compared to D galactosamine alone The result from the tissueliver MDA indicated that MBM did not provide protection effect to the liver becauseMBM caused lipid peroxidationExamination of plasma GPT suggested that D galactosamine had damagingeffect to the liver The same results could also be seen at the second week When Dgalactosamine was given at the same time with MBM the result of plasma GPT waseven higher The increase of plasma level MDA showed that MBM had potentialdamaging effect to liver cells Examination of GPT liver tissue also showed that Dgalactosamine caused liver tissue damage and MBM alone could also damage thestructure of the liver Futhermore when MBM was given one week longer the damagewas even higherD galactosamine increased liver weight sigmficantly It suggesed that Dgalactosamine might cause damage of the liver Similarly to MBM alone increased liverweight It could be concluded that MBM was not protective to the liver cellD galactosamine caused weight loss However surprisingly enough when MBMwas given one week before it increased of body weight This was possible becauseMBM contains multivitamine that increased the appetite But when MBM and Dgalactosamine were given at the same time the body weight did not changesigmficantly It could happen because MBM did not neutralize the effect of Dgalactosamine Statistically MBM alone coud not increase the body weightThe result of histopathologic examination showed insigmficant differencebetween groups This result supported the examination of plasma GPT and also liverGPT Even though there were biochemical and physiological changeshistopathologically there was no organ damage Histopatological damage would befound when the substance was used in the long term periodConclusionThese results suggested that red fruit oil did not have protective effect Dgalactosamine."

"Buah merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) mulai dikenal masyarakat sebagai obat untuk berbagai penyakit di antaranya kanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efek sari buah merah merek Y sebagai penghambat karsinogenesis. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap tikus putih betina galur Sprague-Dawley yang diinduksi dengan 7,12-Dimetilbenz(a)antrasen (DMBA) dan evaluasi hambatan pembentukan kanker digunakan parameter histologi jaringan kanker yang terdapat pada paru-paru. Hewan uji dibagi secara acak menjadi enam kelompok. Kelompok I (kontrol normal) diberi minyak wijen 1 ml, sedangkan kelompok II (kontrol DMBA) diberi dosis tunggal 15 mg/ml 7,12-dimetilbenz(a)antrasen (DMBA) dalam minyak wijen secara oral, selanjutnya kedua kelompok hanya diberi akuades. Pemberian bahan uji untuk kelompok III (preventif) dimulai sejak dua minggu sebelum induksi karsinogen dan dilanjutkan selama masa penelitian. Sehari setelah induksi, kelompok IV, V, VI (kuratif) diberi bahan uji dengan dosis masing-masing 0,21 ml/200 g bb; 0,43 ml/200 bb; dan 0,86 ml/200 g bb. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 120 hari. Kejadian kanker paru yang terpalpasi pada kelompok perlakuan sama dengan kontrol DMBA, yaitu dua. Secara histologi persentase kejadian kanker paru-paru pada kelompok II 20%, kelompok III 50%, kelompok IV 0%, kelompok V 20%, dan kelompok VI 30%. Dosis 0,21 ml/200 g bb sari buah merah merek Y mampu menghambat pembentukan kanker paru-paru pada tikus yang diinduksi dengan DMBA.

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Buah merah (Pandanus conoideous Lam.) has known by public as a medicine for any kind of diseases, among of them is cancer. To determine the carcinogenesis inhibition effect of buah merah extract brand Y, we have examined the effect on 7,12-Dimetilbenz(a)antrasen (DMBA)-induced rat lungs cancer model in female Sprague-Dawley rats. A lungs histology was used to evaluate carcinogenesis inhibition. Rats were randomly divided into six groups. Group I (normal control) received 1 ml sesame oil; group II (DMBA control) were given a single dose of 15 mg/ml DMBA in sesame oil orally. Both groups were received aquadest during the experiment period. Group III (preventive) received sample (0.43 ml/200 b.w) beginning 2 weeks before carcinogen administration, the treatment was continued for the duration of the experiment. Starting from the next day after DMBA administration, groups IV, V, VI (curative) were induced by DMBA and received 0.21 ml/200 g bw, 0.43 ml/200 g bw, and 0.86 ml/200 g bw sample daily, respectively. All groups of rats were monitored for 120 days. There are two palpable lungs tumors in the treatment groups as the final incidence, as same as group II. Histologically, there were 20% lungs cancer in group II, 50% in group III, 0% in group IV, 20% in group V and 30% in group VI. At 0.21 ml/200 g b.w, the extract inhibited the DMBA-induced lungs carcinogenesis."

"Pendahuluan : Minyak buah merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam) sebagai suplemen antioksidan dilaporkan mengandung komposisi gizi Iengkap diantaranya R-karoten dan a-tokoferol.ObjektifTujuan penelitian ini melihat pengaruh minyak buah merah Pandanus conoideus Lam pada hati tikus yang cedera akibat D-galaktosamin.MetodePenelitian ini dilakukan terhadap tikus putih jantan strain Sprague-Cawley , berumur 2-3 bulan, dengan berat badan 120-150 gram. Pada penelitian ini digunakan rancangan acak. Dibagi dalam lima kelompok, masing-masing kelompok enam ekor, mendapat perlakuan selama empat minggu. Kelompok kontrol (kelompok 1) diberi air, kelompok diberi MBM (kelompok 2) , kelompok diberi D-galaktosamin (Kelompok 3), kelompok diberi minyak buah merah selama satu minggu kemudian diberikan D-galaktosamin (Kelompok 4), kelompok diberi minyak buah merah dan D-galaktosamin secara bersamaan. (Kelompok 5) Dosis MBM yang digunakan l ml/ kgBBlhari per oral, dosis D-galaktosamin 200 mgiKgBBfminggu secara intraperitoneal. Parameter yang diuji adalah MDA plasma, MDA hati, GPT plasma, GPT hati, berat badan, berat hati, dan gambaran histopatologik hati. Data hasil pengukuran antara kelompok perlakuan dilakukan dengan mengukur koefisien varian. Hasil data berdistribusi normal dilanjutkan uji parametrik 1 way Anova kemudian dengan uji post hoc Turkey. Hasil data perbandingan tiap minggu yang berdistribusi normal dilakukan uji parametrik 2 way Anova, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji multiple komparasi Bonferroni. Hasil data berdistribusi tidak normal maka dianalisa dengan uji non parametrik Kruskall wallis dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Tamhane_ Data yang diperoleh dad pembacaan skala diolah dengan cara krostabulasi, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji Chi-Square.HasilHasil pengukuran MDA plasma menunjukan D-galaktosamin ini dapat meningkatkan MDA plasma setiap minggunya; hasil ini menunjukan bahwa D-galaktosamin mengakibatkan kenusakan oksidatif molekul lipid sejak awal pengamatan pada minggu pertama. Tampaknya efek protektif MBM terhadap D-galaktosamin masih ada pads minggu pertama, hal ini mungkin disebabkan oleh antioksidan yang terdapat dalam MBM pads minggu pertama masih dapat menetralisir stress oksidatif yang ditimbulkan oleh D-galaktosamin. Disamping itu, mungkin D-galaktosamin belum bekerja maksimal merusak pada minggu pertama. Pada kelompok MBM + D-galaktosamin hash MDA plasma Iebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok D-galaktosamin, mungkin ini dikarenakan stress oksidatif yang ditimbulkan MBM + D-galaktosamin Iebih tinggi dibandingkan D-galaktosamin itu sendiri. Secara statistik MDA jaringan hati, menunjukkan D-galaktosamin mengakibatkan kerusakan oksidatif. Juga pada MBM sendiri menyebabkan stress oksidatif, sehingga bila diberikan bersamaan dengan D-galaktosamin kerusakan yang diakibatkannya menjadi lebih tinggi, dibandingkan dengan hanya diberi D-galaktosamin. Hasil MDA jaringan hati menunjukkan bahwa MBM bersifat toksik terhadap hati, sehingga menyebabkan peroksidasi lipid.Dari hasil pemeriksaan GPT plasma, disimpulkan D-galaktosamin mempunyai efek merusak hati, basil yang didapat juga mulai terlihat pada minggu ke-2 dan bila diberi bersamaan dengan MBM ternyata GPT plasma melonjak lebih tinggi. Peningkatan ini mengindikasikan, bahwa MBM berpotensi merusak sel hati. Hasil pemeriksaan GPT jaringan hati juga menunjukkan D-galaktosamin menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan hati; dan MBM sendiri membuat kerusakan struktur, sehingga bila diberi lebih lama, yaitu satu minggu sebelumnya yang dimaksudkan untuk perlindungan, temyata kerusakan yang terjadi lebih tinggi.Dari hasil pengukuran berat hati disimpulkan bahwa D-galaktosamin ini meningkatkan berat hati secara bermakna, karena D-galaktosamin ini mempunyai efek merusak sel hati. Dan MBM juga menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatan berat hati, jadi disimpulkan MBM tidak dapat memberi perlindungan terhadap sel hati.Hasil pengukuran berat badan menunjukkan D-galaktosamin menyebabkan penurunan berat badan, tapi sangat mengherankan, temyata bila MBM diberikan satu minggu sebelumnya menyebabkan peningkatan berat badan, mungkin disini karena MBM mengandung multivitamin, yang menyebabkan keinginan untuk makan meningkat. Bile diberikan bersamaan MBM dan D-galaktosamin, temyata menunjukkan bahwa dengan pemberian MBM tersebut, berat badan tidak dapat berubah secara bermakna, kemungkinan ini karena efek dari MBM tidak dapat menetralisir efek dari D-galaktosamin. Efek MBM sendiri secara statistik tidak dapat meningkatkan berat badan.Pada pemeriksaan histopatologi, hasil yang didapat tidak terlalu mencolok enter kelompok. Hal tersebut cukup mendukung hasil pemeriksaan GPT plasma maupun GPT Kati,, walaupun terjadi perubahan secara biokimia dan fisiologi, tapi mungkin belum mengakibatkan kerusakan organik yang bermakna secara histopatologi. Kerusakan anatomi akan didapat bila zat yang dipakai berlebihan dalam jangka yang lama.KesimpulanMinyak buah merah tidak mempunyai efek protektif terhadap D-galaktosamin.

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BackgroudRed fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) oil is an antioxidant supplement which has been reported to contain complete nutrient compositions, including 13-carotene and a tocopherol.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of red fruit oil on rat livers injured by D-galactosamine.MethodsThis study was conducted on 2-3 months old male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain, each weighing about 120-150 grams. We used randomized samples. We divided the rats into five groups, each group consisted of six rats. Each group received a different treatment for four weeks. Group I (control) only received water; group 2 received red fruit oil. Group 3 received D-galactosamine . Group 4 received red fruit oil for one week earlier and then , continued with D-galactosamine. Group 5 received red fruit oil along with D-galactosamine. The red fruit oil supplement was given orally 1 ml/ kg BW/day for 4 weeks.D-galactosamine was given intraperitonealy 200 mglkg BWl week. Every week blood samples were obtained to measure the plasma MDA and plasma GPT levels. After four weeks, blood samples and liver tissues were obtained to measure the plasma MDA, liver MDA, plasma GPT, liver GPT, body weight, liver weight and histopathological feature of liver were determined as parameters. The obtained values were analyzed using parametric test 1 way Anova and continued with post Turkey hoc test. The data results with normal distribution were compared every week, then parametric tests 2 way Anova was conduted and continued with test of Bonferroni multiple comparisons. The data which were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis and Tamhane test showed that the distribution was normal. The values obtained by scale reading, were analyzed using crosstabulation method and continued with test of Chi-Square.ResultsThe measurement of plasma MDA every week after treatment with D-galactosamine showed an increase of plasma MDA. This result showed that D-galactosamine causes oxidative damage to lipid molecule since in early perception at first week . The protective effect of MBM to D-galactosamine was seen at the first week. This effect was presumably caused by the antioxidative effects of MBM which neutralized the oxidative stress induced by D-galactosamine . Also, it was possible that the peak toxic effect of D-galactosamine had not appeared during the first week of the study. The plasma MDA level of group 4 dan 5 were higher than that of group 3, possibly because oxidative stress generated by MBM + D-galactosamine was higher than the D-galactosamine itself.The examination of the tissue liver MDA, statistically showed that D-galactosamine caused oxidative damage. MBM alone also caused oxidative stress, so when it was co-administered with higher D-galactosamine the result was higher plasma level of MDA compared to D-galactosamine alone. The result from the tissue liver MDA indicated that MBM did not provide protection effect to the liver, because MBM caused lipid peroxidation.Examination of plasma GPT suggested that D-galactosamine had damaging effect to the liver. The same results could also be seen at the second week. When D-galactosamine was given at the same time with MBM, the result of plasma GPT was even higher. The increase of plasma level MDA showed that MBM had potential damaging effect to liver cells. Examination of GPT liver tissue also showed that D-galactosamine caused liver tissue damage and MBM alone could also damage the structure of the liver. Futhermore, when MBM was given one week longer, the damage was even higher.D-galactosamine increased liver weight significantly. It suggesed that D-galactosamine might cause damage of the liver. Similarly to MBM alone increased liver weight. It could be concluded that MBM was not protective to the liver cell.D-galactosamine caused weight loss. However, surprisingly enough, when MBM was given one week before, it increased of body weight. This was possible because MBM contains multivitamine that increased the appetite. But when MBM and D-galactosamine were given at the same time, the body weight did not change significantly. It could happen because MBM did not neutralize the effect of D-galactosamine. Statistically, MBM alone coud not increase the body weight.The result of histopathologic examination showed insignificant difference between groups. This result supported the examination of plasma GPT and also liver GPT. Even though there were biochemical and physiological changes, histopathologically there was no organ damage. Histopatological damage would be found when the substance was used in the long term period.ConclusionThese results suggested that red fruit oil did not have protective effect D-galactosamine."