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"Metil paraben telah digunakan sebagai bahan pengawet selama lebih dari 50 tahun karena dianggap non toksik. Namun, penelitian baru-baru ini menunjukkan bahwa metil paraben dapat terakumulasi dalam tubuh dan dapat menyebabkan oxidative stress sehingga terjadi kerusakan DNA dengan membentuk 8-OHdG. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pembentukan kerusakan oksidatif DNA akibat paparan metil paraben yang berinteraksi dengan logam tembaga (I). Studi dilakukan secara in vitro melalui reaksi Fenton dan secara in vivo. Pada studi in vitro, 2’-deoxyguanosine direaksikan dengan metil paraben bersama logam tembaga (I) pada waktu inkubasi dan pH yang bervariasi. Studi in vivo dilakukan dengan memberikan paparan metil paraben, logam tembaga (I) maupun metil paraben dan tembaga (I) pada Rattus norvegicus. Hasil studi in vitro dianalisis dengan menggunakan LC-MS/MS dan plasma dianalisis dengan ELISA kit untuk mengetahui konsentrasi 8-OHdG yang terbentuk. Berdasarkan hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa baik metil paraben maupun logam tembaga (I) dapat memicu pembentukan 8-OHdG baik pada studi in vitro maupun pada studi in vivo. Pada Studi in vivo, metil paraben tidak memberikan efek sinergis terhadap logam tembaga (I) pada pembentukan 8-OHdG, karena penambahan metil paraben ternyata menurunkan konsentrasi 8-OHdG yang dihasilkan pada paparan logam tembaga (I).

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Methyl paraben has been used as a preservative for more than 50 years because it is considered as non-toxic substance. However, recent research shows that methyl parabens can accumulate in the body and can cause oxidative stress resulting in DNA damage by forming 8-OHdG. This study aims to determine the formation of oxidative damage to DNA due to exposure to methyl paraben which interacts with copper (I). The study was carried out in vitro through the Fenton reaction and in vivo. In vitro study, 2'-deoxyguanosine was reacted with methyl paraben with copper (I) at various incubation and pH times. While in vivo studies were carried out by giving exposure to methyl paraben, copper (I) and methyl paraben with copper (I) on Rattus norvegicus.

The results of in vitro studies were analyzed using LC-MS / MS and plasma were analyzed by ELISA kit to determine the formed 8-OHdG concentration. Based on the results of the study, it was shown that both methyl paraben and copper metal could trigger the formation of 8-OHdG in both in vitro studies and in vivo studies. In in vivo study, methyl paraben did not provide a synergistic effect on metal copper (I) on the formation of 8-OHdG, because the addition of methyl paraben apparently reduced the concentration of 8-OHdG produced by exposure to copper (I) metal."

"Bisphenol A (BPA) adalah bahan kimia yang banyak digunakan sebagai monomer dalam produk plastik dan kaleng makanan atau minuman. Metil Paraben banyak digunakan secara luas sebagai pengawet dalam makanan olahan, produk perawatan pribadi, dan obat-obatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek yang dihasilkan oleh campuran senyawa Bisphenol A (BPA) dan Metil paraben (MeP) yang diberi paparan sinar UV-A pada pembentukan senyawa DNA-Adduct 8-Hidroksi-2’Deoksiguanosin (8-OHdG). Analisis 8-OHdG yang terbentuk dilakukan dengan menggunakan HPLC fasa terbalik dan detektor UV/Vis pada panjang gelombang 254nm. Fasa gerak yang digunakan berupa campuran larutan buffer fosfat dan metanol. Kondisi optimum HPLC diperoleh pada kondisi perbandingan fasa gerak 85:15 dengan laju alir 1,2mL/menit.  Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan variasi pH 7,4 dan 8,4 dan dengan waktu inkubasi 5 dan 7 jam pada suhu 37°C serta waktu paparan sinar UV-A 7 jam. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa senyawa campuran BPA dan MeP menghasilkan efek antagonis pada kondisi pH 7,4 dan menghasilkan efek adisi pada kondisi pH 8,4 terhadap pembentukan 8-OHdG dengan apabila dibandingkan dengan konsentrasi 8-OHdG yang terbentuk apabila BPA dan MeP diberikan secara terpisah pada waktu paparan yang sama.

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Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical that is widely used as a monomer in plastic products and cans of food or drinks. Methyl Paraben (MeP) is widely used as a preservative in processed foods, personal care products, and medicines. This research was conducted to determine the effect produced by a mixture of BPA and MeP compounds given UV-A exposure in the formation of DNA-Adduct 8-Hydroxy-2'Deoxiguanosin (8-OHdG) compounds. Analysis of the formed 8-OHdG was performed using reverse phase HPLC and a UV/Vis detector at a wavelength of 254nm. The mobile phase used is a mixture of phosphate buffer solution and methanol. The optimum HPLC conditions were obtained at a mobile phase ratio of 85:15 with a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. This research was conducted with a pH variation of 7.4 and 8.4 and with an incubation time of 5 and 7 hours at 37°C and 7hour UV-A exposure time. In this study it was found that a compound of BPA and MeP produced an antagonistic effect at pH 7.4 and produced an addition effect at pH 8.4 to the formation of 8-OHdG when compared to the 8-OHdG concentration formed when BPA and MeP were administered separate at the same exposure time."

"The extraction method is cloud point extraction technique by phase separation which gives a convenient, a simple procedure, with minimal solvent usage and only needs a very discrete amount of relatively non-flammable and non-volatile surfactant which is ecofriendly. It has acknowledged usage for the extraction and preconcentration of species of extensively digress character and features likewise metal ions, proteins and other biomaterials, or organic compounds of strongly differing polarity. Here, we address the review about cloud point extraction (CPE) method as well as applications with this methodology to our environmental samples. We also discussed about the advantages, disadvantages and future trends of CPE. This technique received great attention in extraction and preconcentration by application as an isolation and trace enrichment procedure earlier to the analysis of organic compounds (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated compounds, pesticides, phenolic derivatives, aromatic amines, vitamins and polybrominated biphenyl ethers), inorganic compounds and metal (copper, chromium, zinc, cadmium, nickel, cobalt), phthalates and parabens. These techniques are coupled with gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis and spectrophotometry."