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Abstrak :
Sampah sisa makanan yang dihasilkan di kantin Fakultas Teknik UI memiliki persentase sebesar 73% dari total timbulan sampah. Jumlah sampah yang besar serta sifatnya yang mudah membusuk dan memicu kehadiran hewan pembawa penyakit seperti tikus, membuat pengolahan sampah sisa makanan perlu menjadi prioritas. Salah satu teknik pengolahannya adalah pengomposan, yaitu proses degradasi sampah organik oleh mikroorganisme menjadi material sejenis humus yang dapat dimanfaatkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor (meliputi parameter fisik-kimia) yang mempengaruhi proses pengomposan, serta menganalisis hubungan dan pengaruh faktor tersebut terhadap aktivitas mikroorganisme selama proses pengomposan berlangsung. Analisis statistik dalam penelitian ini meliputi analisis faktor, korelasi, dan multivariabel. Berdasarkan analisis faktor yang dilakukan, terbentuk 2 faktor baru yang mempengaruhi proses pengomposan, yaitu faktor 1 dinamakan parameter yang menunjukkan hasil dari proses pengomposan, terdiri dari konduktivitas, salinitas, dan kadar air; dan faktor 2 dinamakan parameter yang mendukung proses pengomposan, terdiri dari rasio C/N, kadar karbon, pH, dan kadar nitrogen. Hasil analisis korelasi menunjukkan kadar air, rasio C/N, kadar karbon, pH, kadar nitrogen memiliki pengaruh terhadap aktivitas mikroorganisme. Berdasarkan analisis multivariabel, komposter 2 diperkirakan memiliki model regresi pengaruh faktor pengomposan terhadap aktivitas mikroorganisme yang terbaik. Sedangkan dilihat dari penurunan kadar karbonnya, komposter 1 memiliki konstanta laju pengomposan dan laju dekomposisi terbesar dibandingkan dua komposter lainnya, yaitu sebesar 0,0006 dan 0,0224%/hari.

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Food waste is likely to degrade quickly and smell, become a breeding ground for bacteria and attract rodents. Food waste from canteen at Faculty of Engineering has a percentage of 73% of the total waste generation. Enormous amount of food waste and its nature made food waste processing needs to be a priority. One of food waste treatment is composting, which is a process of organic waste degradation by microorganisms into humus-like material. This study aimed to analyze the factors (including physico-chemical parameters) that affect the composting process, and analyze the relationship and the influence of factors on microorganisms activities during the composting process. Statistical analysis in this study include factor analysis, correlation and multivariable analysis. Based on factor analysis, there are two new factors that affect composting, factor 1 consist of conductivity, salinity, and water content, then named parameter that indicates the result of the composting process, and factor 2 consist of C/N ratio, carbon content, pH, and nitrogen content, then named parameters that support the composting process. Results of correlation analysis showed that moisture, C/N ratio, carbon content, pH, and nitrogen content has correlation to microorganisms activities. Based on multivariable analysis, composter 2 were estimated to have the best regression models. While based on carbon reduction, composter 1 has the largest composting rate constant and decomposition rate than the two largest composter at 0,0006 and 0,0224 %/day

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Limbah lumpur yang dihasilkan dari Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) Domestik dapat dimanfaatkan melalui pengomposan karena mengandung kandungan organik yang tinggi. Namun, kandungan logam berat pada limbah lumpur dapat menjadi penyebab utama timbulnya dampak negatif pada lingkungan dan kesehatan manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perubahan parameter fisik-kimia, konsentrasi dan spesiasi kimia logam Cu dan Pb pada dua campuran kompos sebagai penilaian kelayakan kedua kompos untuk digunakan sebagai pupu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter suhu, pH, dan rasio C/N pada kedua kompos telah memenuhi kualitas kompos sesuai SNI 19-7030-2004. Konsentrasi logam Cu pada kompos 1 dan kompos 2 berturut-turut adalah 150 mg/kg dan 237 mg/kg, sedangkan konsentrasi logam Pb sebesar 224 mg/kg dan 183 mg/kg. Besar konsentrasi kedua logam pada kedua kompos menghasilkan faktor resiko ekologi yang masuk ke dalam kategori resiko rendah (Er < 40). Selain itu, proses pengomposan pada penelitian ini telah mengurangi efek toksisitas kedua logam. Pada akhir pengomposan, fraksi logam Cu pada kedua kompos dominan pada fraksi organic bound yaitu sebesar 63,50% untuk kompos 1 dan 56,20% untuk kompos 2. Sedangkan logam Pb dominan pada fraksi residual yaitu sebesar 62,10% pada kompos 1 dan 71,50% pada kompos 2. Kedua fraksi ini merupakan fraksi stabil sehingga keberadaan logam Cu dan Pb tidak memberikan dampak negatif bagi lingkungan jika kedua kompos diaplikasikan ke tanah.

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ABSTRACT
Sewage sludge generated from Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) can be reused by composting because it contains a high organic content. However, the content of heavy metals in sewage sludge can be a major cause negative impacts on the environment and human health. The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in the physical-chemical parameters, concentration and chemical speciation of Cu and Pb in two compost mixtures as an assessment of the feasibility of both composts to be used as fertilizer. The result showed that the parameters of temperature, pH, and C/N ratio in both compost met the standard quality of compost according to SNI 19-7030-2004. Concentration of Cu in compost 1 and compost 2 were 150 mg/kg and 237 mg/kg respectively, while the concentration of Pb were 224 mg/kg and 183 mg/kg respectively. The concentration of both metals in two composts resulted Ecological Risk factor (Er) that go into a low risk category (Er < 40). In addition, the composting process in this study reduced the toxicity effect of two metals. At the end of composting, fractions of Cu in two composts were dominant in organic bound fraction in amount of 63.50% for compost 1 and 56.20% for compost 2. While Pb were dominant in the residual fraction that is equal to 62.10% for compost 1 and 71.50% for compost 2. These fractions are the stable fracion so that the existence of Cu and Pb in two compost do not give negative impact to the environment if two composts will be applied to soil.;Sewage sludge generated from Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) can be reused by composting because it contains a high organic content. However, the content of heavy metals in sewage sludge can be a major cause negative impacts on the environment and human health. The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in the physical-chemical parameters, concentration and chemical speciation of Cu and Pb in two compost mixtures as an assessment of the feasibility of both composts to be used as fertilizer. The result showed that the parameters of temperature, pH, and C/N ratio in both compost met the standard quality of compost according to SNI 19-7030-2004. Concentration of Cu in compost 1 and compost 2 were 150 mg/kg and 237 mg/kg respectively, while the concentration of Pb were 224 mg/kg and 183 mg/kg respectively. The concentration of both metals in two composts resulted Ecological Risk factor (Er) that go into a low risk category (Er < 40). In addition, the composting process in this study reduced the toxicity effect of two metals. At the end of composting, fractions of Cu in two composts were dominant in organic bound fraction in amount of 63.50% for compost 1 and 56.20% for compost 2. While Pb were dominant in the residual fraction that is equal to 62.10% for compost 1 and 71.50% for compost 2. These fractions are the stable fracion so that the existence of Cu and Pb in two compost do not give negative impact to the environment if two composts will be applied to soil., Sewage sludge generated from Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) can be reused by composting because it contains a high organic content. However, the content of heavy metals in sewage sludge can be a major cause negative impacts on the environment and human health. The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in the physical-chemical parameters, concentration and chemical speciation of Cu and Pb in two compost mixtures as an assessment of the feasibility of both composts to be used as fertilizer. The result showed that the parameters of temperature, pH, and C/N ratio in both compost met the standard quality of compost according to SNI 19-7030-2004. Concentration of Cu in compost 1 and compost 2 were 150 mg/kg and 237 mg/kg respectively, while the concentration of Pb were 224 mg/kg and 183 mg/kg respectively. The concentration of both metals in two composts resulted Ecological Risk factor (Er) that go into a low risk category (Er < 40). In addition, the composting process in this study reduced the toxicity effect of two metals. At the end of composting, fractions of Cu in two composts were dominant in organic bound fraction in amount of 63.50% for compost 1 and 56.20% for compost 2. While Pb were dominant in the residual fraction that is equal to 62.10% for compost 1 and 71.50% for compost 2. These fractions are the stable fracion so that the existence of Cu and Pb in two compost do not give negative impact to the environment if two composts will be applied to soil.]

Abstrak :
Parameter fisik seperti kenyamanan termal (temperatur, kelembaban, dan laju alir udara), intensitas pencahayaan, dan tingkat kebisingan menjadi hal penting dalam aktivitas dalam ruangan (indoor) salah satunya di dalam ruang kelas sekolah. Sekolah merupakan salah satu fasilitas publik yang berpotensi memiliki kualitas udara yang buruk karena sekolah memiliki karateristik yang unik, penghuni sekolah memiliki usia yang rentan terhadap polutan, dan waktu yang dihabiskan di sekolah cukup lama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi literatur terkait parameter fisik di dalam ruang kelas SD berdasarkan literatur yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2016 sampai dengan tahun 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi tinjauan literatur sistematis dan memperoleh 16 literatur yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter fisik yang diteliti adalah temperatur (16/16), kelembaban (16/16), laju alir udara (7/16), intensitas pencahayaan (7/16), dan tingkat kebisingan (3/16). Hasil pengukuran temperatur, kelembaban, dan laju alir udara mayoritas lebih tinggi di negara beriklim tropis sedangkan hasil pengukuran intensitas pencahayaan dan tingkat kebisingan mayoritas lebih tinggi di negara beriklim subtropis. Pada negara tropis, hasil pengukuran temperatur dengan rentang 26.5 oC – 33.7 oC, kelembaban 17.5 % - 73.17 %, laju alir udara 0.25 m/s – 0.56 m/s, intensitas pencahayaan 106 lux – 866 lux, dan tingkat kebisingan 62.3 dB. Pada negara subtropis, hasil pengukuran temperatur dengan rentang 15 oC – 29.7 oC, kelembaban 31.9 % - 72.4 %, laju alir udara < 0.1 m/s – 0.13 m/s, intensitas pencahayaan 145 lux – 1500 lux, dan tingkat kebisingan 52 dB – 74.8 dB. Faktor yang memengaruhi parameter fisik paling signifikan yaitu sistem ventilasi (16/16), iklim, musim dan cuaca pada saat pengukuran (12/16), dan kepadatan hunian (6/16). ......Physical parameters such as thermal comfort (temperature, relative humidity, and air flow), illumination, and noise level are important aspects of indoor air quality for any building, including school. There is a significant health risk associated with poor air quality at schools due to its unique characteristics such as the age of occupants which are considered vulnerable to pollutants, a prolongued time spent at school and the limited budget for school maintenance. This study aims to evaluate the profile of physical parameters in primary schools’ indoor air quality by systematic literature review that was extracted from literatures published between 2016 and 2020. 16 literatures were identified and extracted in this study. It showed that the physical parameters commonly studied were temperature (16/16), relative humidity (16/16), air flow rate (7/16), illumination (7/16), and noise level (3/16). The exposure level of temperature, humidity, and air flow rate are mostly higher in tropical countries than subtropical countries, while the exposure of illumination and noise levels are mostly higher in subtropical countries. In tropical countries, the indoor temperature ranged between 26.5 oC - 33.7 oC, relative humidity ranged between 17.5% - 73.17%, air flow rate ranged between 0.25 m / s - 0.56 m / s, illumination ranged between 106 lux - 866 lux, and noise level was 62.3 dB. In subtropical countries, indoor temperature ranged between 18 oC - 29.7 oC, relative humidity ranged between 31.9% - 72.4%, air flow rate ranged between <0.1 m / s - 0.13 m / s, illumination ranged between 145 lux - 1500 lux, and noise level ranged between 52 dB - 74.8 dB. The most significant factors which affected physical parameters in indoor areas were the ventilation system (16/16), climate, season, and weather at the time of measurement (12/16), and occupancy density (6/16).