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Abstrak :
The assumption of Hamas as a terrorist organization has led the peace process to adopt the strategy to exclude Hamas, Hamas' victory in the 2006 parliament election soon followed by resistances and rejections from Israel, the US and several European countries. This eventually leads to the isolation of Palestine by donor countries and affects Palestinian economy. In order to start the peace process, the world first needs to acknowledge the Hamas government and not to assume them as a terrorist organization. The peace process should realize that Hamas' acts during the 1993-2005 periods were their attempts to enter Palestinian political structure. Hamas show a more pragmatic political move lately with their readiness to enter the negotiation as long as Israel will retreat from the Occupied Territories. This shows their commitment to peace process rather than to ideological values of jihad to free the whole land of Palestine and erect an Islamic State. Hamas' commitment to hudna should be seen as their attempt to create a peace mechanism. This attempt should be fallowed by a negotiation between Israel and the Palestinian Authority (PA) under guidance of a fair mediator.

Abstrak :
Kawasan Timur Tengah merupakan kawasan yang sarat akan konflik dan salah satunya adalah konflik Israel-Palestina. Konflik yang telah berlangsung selama puluhan tahun tersebut kemndian meneniukan titik terang. Pihak Israel dan Palestina bersedia berunding untuk pertama kalinya dan melahirkan Kesepakatan Oslo pada September 1993. Dalam proses perandingan tersebut, Amerika Serikat berperan sebagai fasilitator sebagai upaya menjaga perdamaian dunia. Sayangnya pelaksanaan kesepakatan tersebut tidak berjalan mulus sehingga mengalami stagnansi di awal tahun 1997. Melihat fakta ini, Amerika Serikat pada masa pemerintahan Clinton berinisiatif menghidupkan kembali proses perandingan dengan mengupayakan suatu proposal perdamaian bagi kedua belah pihak. Pada perundingan damai kali ini, Amerika Serikat tidak hanya sebagai fasilitator namun berperan lebih aktif sebagai mediator yang berusaha mencari suatu kesepakatan bersama. Amerika Serikat sebagai pihak penengah melainkan. proses negosiasi yang kemudian menghasilkan Wye River Agreement Kaput-man AS untuk terlibat dalam proses perundingan dipengarahi oleh faktor-faktor tertentn yang berasal dari lingkungan eksternal dan internal Amerika Serikat. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, penulis mengajukan pertanyaan riset, yaitn: Mengapa Amerika Serikat memainkan peran sebagai mediator dalam proses perundingan damai Israel Palestina di Wye River? Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menetapkan batasan-batasan waktu dari awal 1997, berkaitan dengan masa administrasi kedua Clinton dan dimulainya kembali proses perundingan damai hingga dihasilkannya Wye River Agreement pada Oktober 1998. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan riset di atas, penulis menggunakan beberapa tahapan untuk menjabarkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keterlibatan Amerika Serikat dalam perundingan damai Israel-Palestina di Wye River. Yaitu dengan menganalisa luar negeri Amerika Serikat pada masa pemerintahan Clinton dengan melihat penerapan prinsip-prinsip politik luar negeri AS serta pelaksanaan kepentingan nasional AS di kawasan Timur Tengah. Pada penyelesaian konflik Israel-Palestina ini, Amerika menggunakan instrumen politik luar negeri berapa diplomasi publik dan bantuan luar negeri. Kemudian penulis menjabarkan proses negosiasi yang dilaksanakan para pejabat pemerintah AS hingga menghasilkan Wye River Agreement. Terakhir, penulis menggambarkan peran aktif AS sebagai mediator dalam perundingan Wye River. Berdasarkan sistematika penelitian yang telah diuraikan secara singkat di atas, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa: peran mediasi Amerika Serikat dilandaskan pada strategi global AS dan sebagai penerapan prinsip-prinsip politik luar negeri yang telah ditetapkan oleh administrasi Clinton. Kemudian sistem internasional yang berciri multipolar dan kondisi regional Timur Tengah dimana terjadi konflik Israel-Palestina menjadi faktor. The Mediation Role of the United States of America in the Israeli-Palestine Peace Process in Wye River (1998) Middle East is described as the region full of conflicts and one of them is the Israeli-Palestine conflict. The conflict that has been going on for years finally comes to a solution. The Israeli and the Palestine have both agreed to meet and settle the conflict by signing the Oslo Declaration of Principles in September 1993. In the peace process, the United States acted as a facilitator in a way to keep the world peace. However, the implementation of the Oslo Treaty did net succeed well and came to a dead end in early 1997. Seeing the fact, the United States during the Clinton administration had initiated to bring back the peace process on the right track by endorsing a peace proposal. In the recent peace process, the United States has actively participated as a mediator in making the final peace talk resolution. The United States has conveyed a negotiation process to both parties which resulted in the Wye River Agreement The U.S government decision to be involved in the peace process is influenced by several factors drawn from its external and internal environment Due to this point of view, the writer raises a research question: Why the United States of America participates as a mediator in the Israeli-Palestine peace process in Wye River peace talk? The writer has determined the research range from early 1997, related to the second Clinton administration and the beginning of the reactivation of the peace process to the result ofthe Wye River Agreement in October 1998. In order to answer the research question raised above, the writer will explain the answer in a few steps. That is to analyze the United States foreign policy during Clinton administration by examining the implementation of the foreign policy principles and the United States national interest in the Middle East. In order to reach the snccess of the peace talk, the U.S. government utilizes the instrument of public diplomacy and foreign aid. Next, the writer will elaborate the negotiation process conducted by the U.S_ government officials to result in the Wye River Agreement. Last, is to describe the active role of the United States as the mediator in the Wye River peace talk Based on the systematically explanation above, the writer has come to conclusion that the mediation role of The United States is based on-the U.S. global strategy and the foreign policy principles set by the Clinton administration. Then the international system of multipolarity and the regional condition in the Middle East where the conflict occurs are considered as the dominant external factors. While keeping the U.S. national interest in the Middle East, especially the oil asset and the intensive Jewish lobby within the body of the U.S. government are the dominant internal factors. Those factors are above have influenced the mediation role of the United States of America in the Israeli-Palestine peace process in Wye River (1998).

Abstrak :
Skripsi ini membahas peran resolusi konflik yang dilaksanakan oleh partai Sinn Fein di Irlandia Utara dari tahun 1998 hingga 2011. Resolusi konflik dilaksanakan sebagai reaksi atas konflik berkepanjangan yang terjadi antara kaum Nasionalis dan Unionis di tahun 1969 dengan nama The Troubles. Sinn Fein mewakili kaum Nasionalis sebagai partai politik yang memperjuangkan kepentingan kaumnya termasuk proses perdamaian. Dalam kasus ini penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk melihat penjelasan sejarah sebagai salah satu pendekatakan resolusi konflik. Penelitian ini melihat resolusi konflik melalui model teori Johan Galtung yang melihat konsep peacemaking, peacekeeping, dan peacebuilding sebagai analisa proses perdamaian yang komprehensif. Melalui teori tersebut kita dapat melihat peran Sinn Fein sebagai satu partai politik yang memiliki keterlibatan signifikan dalam proses perdamaian.

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This thesis describes Sinn Fein role in Northern Ireland conflict resolution from 1998 to 2011. The cconflict resolution was done as a respond to the long conflict that involves the Nationalist and Unionist people in 1969 by the name of The Troubles. Sinn Fein represent the Nationalist as a political party that struggle for their interest including the peace process. The writer uses a qualitative method by the description of history as a conflict resolution approach. This research sees conflict resolution from Johan Galtung model theory that consist of peacemaking, peacekeeping, and peacebuilding for the peace process analysis. We can see Sinn Fein role in the conflict resolution by using those theory as a political party that has a significant involvement in the peace process.