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"ABSTRAKKonstipasi pada lansia terjadi akibat penuaan pada sistem pencernaan, kurang asupan cairan dan serat, kurang aktivitas fisik, serta konsumsi obat-obatan. Konstipasi adalah penurunan frekuensi normal defekasi disertai pengeluaran feses yang sulit dan tidak tuntas selama < 3 bulan. Intervensi keperawatan yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi konstipasi yaitu massase abdomen selama ± 15 menit, pemberian posisi defekasi dengan kaki ditopang kursi setinggi 8 inchi, dan pemberian cairan 30-35 cc/kg/hari, selama > 10 hari. Evaluasi menggunakan Constipation Scoring System (CSS) dan auskultasi bising usus. Hasil yang didapatkan yaitu meningkatnya frekuensi defekasi, berkurangnya keparahan konstipasi dengan menurunnya nilai CSS yaitu 16 menjadi 6 pada klien kelolaan, 16 menjadi 9 pada klien resume 1, dan 16 menjadi 7 pada klien resume 2. Bising usus tidak menunjukkan perbaikan yang signifikan, namun pada evaluasi akhir bising usus dua dari tiga lansia sudah mencapai nilai normal (5-15 x/menit).

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ABSTRAKConstipation in the elderly occured due to aging of the digestive system, lack of fluid and fiber intake, physical activity, and consumption of drugs. Constipation is a decrease in the normal frequency of defecation with evacuation of feces that are difficult and not complete for < 3 months. Nursing interventions can be done to overcome constipation are abdominal Abdominal massage for ± 15 minutes, giving the position of defecation which foot is sustained by chair, and liquids 30-35 cc/kg/day for > 10 days. Evaluation using Constipation Scoring System (CSS) and auscultation of bowel sounds. The results obtained are the increasing frequency of defecation, constipation severity reduced with the declining value of CSS is that 16 to 6 on a client in under management, 16 to 9 on the client resume 1, and 16 to 7 on the client resume 2. Bowel sounds do not show significant improvements, but in the final evaluation, two of three elderly have reached the normal values ​​(5-15 x/min);;;"

"Latar belakang. Pada pasien yang menjalani pembedahan, penilaian volume intravaskular sangat penting dan prediksi respons terhadap pemberian cairan seringkali tidak mudah. Terdapat peningkatan signifikan resiko morbiditas dan mortalitas pascaoperasi pada pemberian cairan yang restriktif dan liberal. Evaluasi indeks distensibilitas vena jugularis interna merupakan alternatif untuk menentukan status volume intravaskular karena kemudahan akses dan visualisasi dengan ultrasonografi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian metode pengukuran indeks distensibilitas vena jugularis interna dengan pengukuran isi sekuncup dengan ekokardiografi Doppler transtorakal dalam penilaian respons terhadap pemberian cairan pada pasien pembedahan elektif.Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan uji diagnostik dengan rancangan penelitian potong lintang dan melibatkan 79 subyek yang menjalani pembedahan elektif di RSCM dengan anestesia umum. Pascainduksi anestesia, pengukuran indeks distensibilitas vena jugularis interna dan isi sekuncup dengan ekokardiografi transtorakal dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah pemberian cairan. Subyek yang mengalami peningkatan isi sekuncup lebih dari 10% dikategorikan sebagai responder. Data kemudian dianalisis untuk menilai kesesuaian variabel dalam prediksi respons terhadap pemberian cairan.Hasil. Sebanyak 45 subyek (57%) merupakan responder. Berdasarkan analisis kurva ROC indeks distensibilitas vena jugularis interna terhadap respons pemberian cairan, nilai AUC didapatkan sebesar 0,871 (95% CI: 0,790–0,951). Nilai ambang batas optimal didapatkan pada nilai indeks distensibilitas >12,62% dengan sensitivitas 84,4% dan spesifisitas 79,4%.Simpulan. Metode pengukuran indeks distensibilitas vena jugularis interna memiliki kesesuaian dengan pengukuran isi sekuncup melalui ekokardiografi Doppler transtorakal dalam penilaian respons terhadap pemberian cairan pada pasien pembedahan elektif.

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Background. In patients undergoing surgery, the assessment of intravascular volume is crucial, and predicting fluid responsiveness is often uneasy. There is a significant increase in postoperative morbidity and mortality risks associated with both restrictive and liberal fluid administration. Evaluating the internal jugular vein distensibility index is an alternative method to determine intravascular volume status due to its ease of access and visualization using ultrasonography. This study aims to determine the correlation between the measurement of the internal jugular vein distensibility index and the measurement of stroke volume using transthoracic Doppler echocardiography in assessing fluid responsiveness of patients undergoing elective surgery.

Methods. This study is a diagnostic test with a cross-sectional design involving 79 subjects undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia at RSCM. After anesthesia induction, measurements of the internal jugular vein distensibility index and stroke volume using transthoracic echocardiography were performed before and after fluid administration. Subjects experiencing an increase in stroke volume of more than 10% were categorized as responders. The data were then analyzed to assess the suitability of variables in predicting fluid responsiveness.

Results. A total of 45 subjects (57%) were responders. Based on the ROC curve analysis of the internal jugular vein distensibility index in relation to fluid responsiveness, an AUC value of 0.871 (95% CI: 0.790–0.951) was obtained. The optimal cut-off value was found at an internal jugular vein distensibility index >12.62% with a sensitivity of 84.4% and specificity of 79.4%.

Conclusion. Internal jugular vein distensibility index correlates with the measurement of stroke volume using transthoracic Doppler echocardiography in assessing fluid responsiveness in elective surgery patients."

"Latar Belakang: Hipotermia pasca bedah merupakan kejadian yang umum terjadi pada pasien pascabedah, khususnya geriatri yaitu sebesar 70%. Hipotermia memiliki dampak serius, antara lain gangguan koagulasi dan perdarahan, gangguan metabolisme obat, infeksi, iskemia miokardial, aritmia, hospitalisasi lama, dan peningkatan morbiditas serta mortalitas pascabedah. Di Indonesia, khususnya di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo memiliki karakteristik distribusi status fisik preoperasi, jumlah pemberian cairan, dan indeks massa tubuh yang berbeda dari negara lain.Tujuan: Studi ini dilakukan untuk menganalisa hubungan status fisik preoperasi, jumlah pemberian cairan kristaloid intraoperasi, dan indeks massa tubuh terhadap hipotermia pascabedah pada pasien geriatri.Metode: Penelitian menggunakan metode potong-lintang dengan uji observasional terhadap 108 subjek penelitian dari rekam medis sejak November 2018-Januari 2019. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien geriatri yang telah menjalani pembedahan dalam anestesi umum dengan/tanpa anestesi regional dan dirawat di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Kriteria eksklusi yaitu pasien tidak memiliki catatan rekam medis lengkap, meninggal pada saat operasi atau saat tiba di rumah sakit, dan sudah mengalami hipotermia sebelum pembedahan.Hasil: Pada penelitian ini didapatkan proporsi hipotermia pascabedah pada pasien geriatri adalah 67,6%. Hasil penelitian antara hipotermia pascabedah dengan status fisik preoperasi, jumlah pemberian cairan kristaloid intraoperasi, dan indeks massa tubuh pada pasien geriatri yaitu nilai p = 0,997, p = 0,310, p = 0,413.Kesimpulan: Hipotermia pascabedah pada pasien geriatri tidak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan status fisik preoperasi, jumlah pemberian cairan kristaloid intraoperasi, dan indeks massa tubuh pada pasien geriatri.

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Background: Postoperative hypothermia is commonly found in postoperative patients, especially in geriatrics, which is 70%. Hypothermia also has serious effects, including coagulation and bleeding disorders, drug metabolism disorders, infections, myocardial ischemia, arrhythmias, prolonged hospitalization, and increased postoperative morbidity and mortality. In Indonesia, especially in Centre Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital subjects characteristics, the distribution of preoperative physical status, amount of fluid administration, and body mass index are different from other countries.

Objective: This study was conducted to analyze the association between preoperative physical status, the amount of intraoperative crystalloid fluid administration, and body mass index for postoperative hypothermia in geriatric patients.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study which included 108 research subjects and obtained from the medical records since November 2018-January 2019. Subjects were geriatric patients who under going surgery with general anesthesia with/without regional anesthesia in Centre dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Exclusion criteria were patient who did not have a complete medical record, died during surgery or when arrived at the hospital, and had history of hypothermia before surgery.

Results: In this study, the incidence of postoperative hypothermia among geriatric patients was 67.6%. The results of the study between postoperative hypothermia with preoperative physical status, the amount of intraoperative crystalloid fluid administration, and body mass index in geriatric patients were p = 0.997, p = 0.310, p = 0.413.

Conclusion: Postoperative hypothermia in geriatric patients did not have significant association with preoperative physical status, amount of intraoperative crystalloid fluid administration, and body mass index in geriatric patients."