Anindita Pratitaswari
Abstrak :
Perubahan desain pemilu di era reformasi telah memberi dampak terhadap perubahan strategi kandidat untuk memenangkan pemilu. Sejak Pemilu 2009 hingga 2019, beberapa peserta pemilu mulai mengejar suara personalnya. Berbagai usaha akan mereka lakukan, termasuk membentuk relasi patron klien dengan seorang broker. Keberadaan broker dipercaya membantu mengatasi kendala timbal balik dialami oleh kandidat. Fenomena jaringan perantara pada pemilu era reformasi semakin beragam. Menurut Aspinall dan Mada Sukmajati (2014), terdapat tiga jenis fenomena broker yaitu partai politik, tim sukses, dan jaringan sosial Sementara penelitian ini akan membahas fenomena broker lainnya yaitu broker penyelenggara pemilu. Studi ini meneliti tentang peran broker penyelenggara pemilu dengan mengambil studi kasus praktik broker penyelenggara pemilu di Kabupaten Karawang pada Pemilu 2019. Alasan kesediaan beberapa penyelenggara pemilu di Kabupaten Karawang adalah ikatan pertemanan, motivasi ekonomi, serta aspek manajerial pemilu. Tidak semua broker kerap diidentikan sebagai “the Peronist problem-solving network” (Auyero, 2000) karena memungkinkan broker gagal memenangkan kliennya pada pemilu. Penelitian ini juga menjelaskan problematika loyalitas kesetiaan broker penyelenggara pemilu di Kabupaten Karawang. Adapun teori yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu teori brokerage dan konsep integritas pemilu.
......The Changes in election design in the reform era have had an impact on changing candidate strategies to win elections. From the 2009 to 2019 elections, several election participants began to pursue their votes. They will do various efforts, including establishing a patron-client relationship with a broker. The existence of a broker is believed to help overcome the reciprocal obstacles experienced by candidates. The phenomenon of the intermediary network in the reform era elections is increasingly diverse. According to Aspinall and Mada Sukmajati (2014), there are three types of broker phenomena, namely political parties, successful teams, and social networks. This study examines the role of election management brokers by taking a case study of the practice of election management brokers in Karawang Regency in the 2019 Election. The reasons for the willingness of several election organizers in Karawang Regency are friendship bonds, economic motivation, and managerial aspects of the election. Not all brokers are often identified as “the Peronist problem-solving network” (Auyero, 2000) because it allows brokers to fail to win their clients in elections. This study also explains the problem of loyalty of election management brokers in Karawang Regency. The theories used in this research are brokerage theory and the concept of electoral integrity.
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2021
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