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"Infeksi soil-transmitted helminth (STH) merupakan salah satu permasalahan kesehatan utama di dunia, terutama di negara berkembang. Keberadaan dan aktivitas STH di tubuh inang dapat menyebabkan perubahan pada mukosa usus, termasuk menyebabkan kerusakan sel yang dapat mempengaruhi permeabilitas usus dan menstimulasi respon imun seperti inflamasi. Studi ini dilakukan untuk menentukan status inflamasi dan permeabilitas usus pada berbagai status infeksi parasit cacing usus pada anak usia balita di Kecamatan Nangapanda, Kabupaten Ende, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Sampel tinja yang diperoleh dari anak berusia 20-59 bulan diperiksa keberadaan telur cacing dengan metode Kato-Katz dan diukur konsentrasi biomarker permeabilitas dan inflamasi usus dengan metode Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Biomarker permeabilitas usus yang digunakan adalah α-1-antitripsin (AAT) fekal sedangkan biomarker inflamasi usus yang digunakan adalah calprotektin fekal (FC). Prevalensi infeksi STH pada penelitian ini adalah 17,12%, dengan spesies dominan A. lumbricoides diikuti oleh T. trichiura. Sebagian besar anak memiliki AAT terdeteksi (64,71%), sedangkan hasil sebaliknya ditemukan untuk FC (35,06%). Status infeksi STH tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan status konsentrasi AAT, termasuk ketika dianalisis dengan spesies STH. Hubungan yang signifikan hanya ditemukan antara infeksi T. trichiura dan status konsentrasi FC. Sebagian besar anak mengalami peningkatan permeabilitas usus, tetapi tidak selalu disertai inflamasi usus. Infeksi STH tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan biomarker tinja kecuali antara status infeksi T. trichiura dan biomarker inflamasi usus yang mungkin dapat dijelaskan oleh perilaku spesies ini pada habitatnya dalam tubuh inang.

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Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection is still a major health problem in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC). The presence and activity of STH can cause changes in the intestinal mucosa, including cell damage that can affect intestinal permeability and stimulate immune responses such as inflammation. This study investigated the inflammatory and permeability status of the intestinal mucosa in various status of STH infection in preschool-age children (PSC) residing in Nangapanda District, Ende Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. Stool samples were obtained from children aged 20-59 months, and were then examined for worm eggs using Kato-Katz method and measured for the concentrations of biomarkers of intestinal permeability and inflammation by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay. Intestinal permeability biomarkers were represented by fecal α-1-antitrypsin (AAT), while intestinal inflammation biomarkers were represented by fecal calprotectin (FC). The prevalence of STH infection in this study was 17.12%, with A. lumbricoides as the predominant species followed by T. trichiura. Most children had detectable AAT (64,71%), while the opposite result was found for FC (35,06%). STH infection status did not have a significant association with AAT concentration status, including when analyzed by STH species. A significant association was only found between T. trichiura infection and FC concentration status. Most children had increased gut permeability, but not necessarily accompanied by gut inflammation. STH infection did not have a significant correlation with fecal biomarkers except between T. trichiura infection status and gut inflammatory biomarker, which might be explained by the feeding habit of this spesies."

"Latar Belakang: Terdapat dua jenis obesitas berdasarkan risiko kardiometaboliknya, yaitu metabolically healthy obese (MHO) dan metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Kelompok MUO lebih berisiko mengalami DM tipe 2 karena terdapat resistensi insulin yang dicetuskan endotoksemia metabolik akibat disbiosis usus, melalui peningkatan permeabilitas usus. Belum ada data mengenai perbedaan permeabilitas usus, yang diwakili oleh kadar intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), pada penyandang obesitas dengan dan tanpa DM tipe 2 di Indonesia.Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan rerata kadar I-FABP pada penyandang obesitas dengan dan tanpa DM tipe 2 di Indonesia.Metode: Studi potong lintang menggunakan data sekunder dari penelitian Divisi Endokrin, Metabolik, Diabetes FKUI-RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta yang berjudul “Profil Mikrobiota Usus, Mikrobiota Rongga Mulut, Inflamasi, dan Resistensi Insulin pada Berbagai Spektrum Disglikemia” periode Juli 2018-Agustus 2019. Sebanyak 63 subjek obesitas berdasarkan kriteria WHO untuk Asia (IMT ≥25 kg/m2) dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok berdasarkan kriteria ADA: dengan dan tanpa DM tipe 2. Kadar I-FABP diperiksa dengan metode Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Analisis data dengan uji T tidak berpasangan untuk perbedaan rerata I-FABP. Uji regresi logistik dilakukan untuk faktor perancu.Hasil: Mayoritas subjek ialah perempuan (82,53%), usia >45 tahun (63,50%), obesitas grade I (54,00%), obesitas sentral (93,70%). Rerata I-FABP pada kelompok dengan DM tipe 2 lebih tinggi, yaitu 2,82 (1,23) ng/mL vs. 1,78 (0,81) ng/mL (p<0,001; IK95% 0,51-1,55). Simpulan: Rerata kadar I-FABP lebih tinggi pada kelompok obesitas dengan DM tipe 2 dan independen terhadap faktor usia.

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Background: There are two types of obesity based on its cardiometabolic risk, which are metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). The MUO exerts higher risk to develop type 2 DM because of higher state of insulin resistance due to metabolic endotoxemia through gut dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability. There is no study regarding the difference of intestinal permeability, using intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), in obese people with and without type 2 DM in Indonesia.

Objective: To know the mean difference of I-FABP in obese people with and without T2DM in Indonesia.

Method: A cross-sectional study using secondary data from the study of Division of Endocrine, Metabolism and Diabetes FMUI-RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta entitled "Profile of the Intestinal Microbiota, Oral Cavity Microbiota, Inflammation, and Insulin Resistance in Various Spectrums of Dysglycemia" for the period July 2018-August 2019. A total of 63 obese subjects based on WHO criteria for Asia (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) were divided into 2 groups based on ADA criteria for diabetes: with and without T2DM. The I-FABP levels were checked using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Data was analyzed using unpaired T test for mean difference of I-FABP while logistic regression test was performed for confounding factors.

Results: The majority of the subjects were women (82.53%), age >45 years (63.50%), obesity grade I (54.00%) and central obesity (93.70%). The I-FABP level of T2DM group was higher compared to without T2DM group, namely 2.82 (1.23) ng/mL vs. 1.78 (0.81) ng/mL (p<0.001; 95% CI 0.51-1.55).

Conclusion: The mean level of I-FABP was higher in the obese group with T2DM which is independent of age."

"Latar belakang. Kolestasis terkait sepsis (KTS) masih merupakan permasalahan medis di negara berkembang disebabkan tingginya morbiditas, mortalitas dan lama rawat. Inflamasi usus akibat disfungsi sawar usus diduga berperan dalam KTS sehingga perlu dibuktikan perannya terhadap terjadinya KTS. Inflamasi dan permeabilitas mukosa usus dapat dinilai melalui kadar kalprotektin dan alfa-1 antitripsin (AAT) pada tinja.Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara terjadinya KTS pada sepsis neonatorum dengan inflamasi dan gangguan permeabilitas usus yang dinilai dengan peningkatan kadar kalprotektin dan α-1-antitripsin dalam tinja. Metode. Studi kohort prospektif di ruang rawat inap Perinatologi dan Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo periode Juni 2012- Oktober 2013. Delapan puluh neonatus diambil secara consecutive sampling dari 271 subjek proven sepsis yang dirawat pada periode studi ini, terbagi menjadi 2 kelompok (KTS dan sepsis tidak kolestasis) masing-masing 40 subjek. Dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar kalprotektin dan AAT tinja.Hasil penelitian. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan antara KTS dan sepsis tidak kolestasis dalam ekskresi kalprotektin tinja [KTS vs. sepsis tidak kolestasis, median (rentang) 104,4 (25 sampai 358,5) vs. 103,5 (5,4 sampai 351) μg/g; p = 0,637] dan alfa-1 antitripsin tinja [median (rentang) 28 (2 sampai 96) vs. 28 (2 sampai 120) mg/dL; p = 0,476). Tidak ditemukan peningkatan bermakna kadar kalprotektin tinja dengan nilai p = 0,63 (IK 95% 0,4 sampai 3,6) dan kadar AAT tinja dengan nilai p=0,152 (IK 95% 0,4 sampai 3,3).Simpulan. Kadar kalprotektin dan alfa-1 antitripsin tinja tidak terbukti dapat memprediksi kejadian KTS pada sepsis neonatorum. Tidak ada bukti proses inflamasi usus yang terjadi pada KTS melalui peningkatan permeabilitas paraselular usus. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai patogenesis inflamasi usus yang terjadi melalui peningkatan permeabilitas trans-selular dan kerusakan enterosit usus pada KTS.

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Background. Sepsis-associated cholestasis (SAC) remain a medical problem in developing countries due to high morbidity, mortality and length of hospital. Intestinal inflammation as the causes of intestinal barrier dysfunction are suspected play a role in SAC, so it is necessary to prove its contribution to SAC. Intestinal inflammation and increased permeability were assessed through faecal calprotectin and alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) concentrations.Objective. To determine the association between SAC in sepsis neonatorum with intestinal inflammation and permeability were assessed through increased faecal calprotectin and AAT levels.Methods. This was cohort prospective study at Perinatologi and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Department of Child Health Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital during June 2012 to October 2013. Eighty neonates were obtained by consecutive sampling, of which 271 proven sepsis hospitalized in this period, devided 2 groups (SAC and non cholestasis sepsis) respectively 40 subjects. Faecal calprotectin and AAT concentrations was measured.Results. There was no significant association between SAC and faecal calprotectin excretion [SAC vs. non cholestasis sepsis, median (range) 104.4 (25 to 358,5) vs. 103.5 (5.4 to 351) μg/g; p = 0.637] and faecal AAT [median (range) 28 (2 to 96) vs. 28 (2 to 120) mg/dL; p = 0.476). Increased faecal calprotectin (CI 95% 0.4 to 3.6; p = 0,63) and AAT (CI 95% 0.4 to 3.3; p=0.152) did not differ significantly between the two groups.Conclusions. Faecal calprotectin and alpha-1 antitrypsin concentrations is not associated with SAC in sepsis neonatorum. There is no evidence of intestinal inflammation causes increased paracellular intestinal permeability in SAC. Further research is needed on the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation in SAC which may result in increased intestinal permeability by transcellular and enterocyte damage."