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"[ABSTRAKLatar belakang : Dalam pembuktian kasus persetubuhan, anamnesis dan pemeriksaan fisik memiliki nilai bukti yang rendah. Dokter Forensik hanya dapat membuktikan persetubuhan dengan ditemukannya cairan mani atau sel sperma pada pemeriksaan penunjang. Baru-baru ini dikembangkan rapid test SD Bioline Semen Inspection yang sensitif dan spesifik untuk menemukan prostate-spesific antigen (PSA) yang merupakan salah satu dari kandungan cairan mani. Diharapkan metode ini dapat menjadi alternatif dalam pembuktian kasus persetubuhan. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui nilai diagnostik alat SD Bioline Semen Inspection dalam mendeteksi adanya PSA pada usapan vagina, dan gambaran perbandingan nilai diagnostiknya pada subyek yang bersetubuh antara 1-3 hari dan 4-7 hari sebelum dilakukan pemeriksaan. Metode :uji diagnostik dengam metode potong lintang, membandingkan antara rapid test SD Bioline Semen Inspection dengan Automatic Immuno Assay (AIA). Hasil : Nilai diagnostik alat SD Bioline Semen Inspection pada penelitian ini menunjukkan sensitivitas 44,44%, spesifisitas 100%, nilai duga positif 100%, nilai duga negatif 86,11%, prevalensi 22,5% dan akurasi 87,5%. Pada subyek yang bersetubuh antara 1-3 hari sebelum pemeriksaan menunjukkan nilai diagnostik sensitivitas 50%, spesifisitas 100%, nilai duga positif 100%, nilai duga negatif 89,29%, prevalensi 9,35% dan akurasi 90,32%. Pada subyek yang bersetubuh antara 4-7 hari sebelum pemeriksaan menunjukkan nilai diagnostik sensitivitas 33,33%, spesifisitas 100%, nilai duga positif 100%, nilai duga negatif 75%, prevalensi 33,33% dan akurasi 77,78%. Kesimpulan : SD Bioline Semen Inspection dapat digunakan dalam pelayanan kedokteran Forensik untuk membuktikan adanya PSA, namun perlu dilakukan uji konfirmasi dengan modalitas lain jika didapatkan hasil negatif.

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ABSTRACTBackground : History and physical examination alone could not prove a sexual intercourse. Thus, forensic doctors also need to find evidence of seminal fluid or sperm in determining sexual intercourse. Recently, there is an advancement in diagnostic tool in examining prostate specific antigen (PSA) in seminal fluid, which is a SD Bioline Semen Inspection. As a rapid test, this diagnostic tool is expected to be used in daily practice as an alternative method in determining sexual intercourse. Objective : To determine diagnostic value of SD Bioline Semen Inspection in detecting Prostate Specific Antigen ( PSA) from vaginal swabs; To have an overview of diagnostic value of SD Bioline Semen Inspection in detecting Prostate Specific Antigen ( PSA) between 1-3 days and 4-7 days of intercourse prior to the examination. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional research to compare SD Bioline Semen Inspection tool to Automatic Immuno Assay (AIA) Results: This study showed SD Bioline Semen Inspection tool has 44.44% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, 86,11% negative predictive value, prevalence is 22.5% and 87.5% accuracy. On the subject who have history of intercourse between 1-3 days prior to the examination, it showed 50% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100 % positive predictive value, 89,29% negative predictive value, prevalence is 9.35% and 90.32% accuracy. On the subject who have history of intercourse between 4-7 days prior to the examination, it showed 33.33% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, 75% negative predictive value , prevalence is 33.33%, and 77.78% accuracy. Conclusion: The SD Bioline semen Inspection can be used in forensic medical services to prove the existence of PSA, but if the results are negative it still needs confirmation from other diagnostic modalities.;Background : History and physical examination alone could not prove a sexual intercourse. Thus, forensic doctors also need to find evidence of seminal fluid or sperm in determining sexual intercourse. Recently, there is an advancement in diagnostic tool in examining prostate specific antigen (PSA) in seminal fluid, which is a SD Bioline Semen Inspection. As a rapid test, this diagnostic tool is expected to be used in daily practice as an alternative method in determining sexual intercourse. Objective : To determine diagnostic value of SD Bioline Semen Inspection in detecting Prostate Specific Antigen ( PSA) from vaginal swabs; To have an overview of diagnostic value of SD Bioline Semen Inspection in detecting Prostate Specific Antigen ( PSA) between 1-3 days and 4-7 days of intercourse prior to the examination. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional research to compare SD Bioline Semen Inspection tool to Automatic Immuno Assay (AIA) Results: This study showed SD Bioline Semen Inspection tool has 44.44% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, 86,11% negative predictive value, prevalence is 22.5% and 87.5% accuracy. On the subject who have history of intercourse between 1-3 days prior to the examination, it showed 50% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100 % positive predictive value, 89,29% negative predictive value, prevalence is 9.35% and 90.32% accuracy. On the subject who have history of intercourse between 4-7 days prior to the examination, it showed 33.33% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, 75% negative predictive value , prevalence is 33.33%, and 77.78% accuracy. Conclusion: The SD Bioline semen Inspection can be used in forensic medical services to prove the existence of PSA, but if the results are negative it still needs confirmation from other diagnostic modalities., Background : History and physical examination alone could not prove a sexual intercourse. Thus, forensic doctors also need to find evidence of seminal fluid or sperm in determining sexual intercourse. Recently, there is an advancement in diagnostic tool in examining prostate specific antigen (PSA) in seminal fluid, which is a SD Bioline Semen Inspection. As a rapid test, this diagnostic tool is expected to be used in daily practice as an alternative method in determining sexual intercourse. Objective : To determine diagnostic value of SD Bioline Semen Inspection in detecting Prostate Specific Antigen ( PSA) from vaginal swabs; To have an overview of diagnostic value of SD Bioline Semen Inspection in detecting Prostate Specific Antigen ( PSA) between 1-3 days and 4-7 days of intercourse prior to the examination. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional research to compare SD Bioline Semen Inspection tool to Automatic Immuno Assay (AIA) Results: This study showed SD Bioline Semen Inspection tool has 44.44% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, 86,11% negative predictive value, prevalence is 22.5% and 87.5% accuracy. On the subject who have history of intercourse between 1-3 days prior to the examination, it showed 50% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100 % positive predictive value, 89,29% negative predictive value, prevalence is 9.35% and 90.32% accuracy. On the subject who have history of intercourse between 4-7 days prior to the examination, it showed 33.33% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, 75% negative predictive value , prevalence is 33.33%, and 77.78% accuracy. Conclusion: The SD Bioline semen Inspection can be used in forensic medical services to prove the existence of PSA, but if the results are negative it still needs confirmation from other diagnostic modalities.]"

"ABSTRAKAnak merupakan generasi penerus dan aset pembangunan. Sebagai generasi penerus, anak harus mendapatkan bimbingan agar dapat melaksanakan kewajiban-kewajibannya dan mendapatkan perlindungan untuk mendapatkan kebutuhan dan hak-haknya. Bimbingan dan perlindungan terhadap anak menjadi tanggung jawab orang tua, keluarga, masyarakat dan negara. Namun apabila anak tersebut melakukan penyimpangan perilaku dalam hal melakukan tindak pidana kesusilaan berupa persetubuhan terhadap anak, maka perlindungan terhadap anak haruslah diberikan kepada baik pelaku dan korban. Perlindungan dan penanganan terhadap anak yang menjadi pelaku ataupun korban dalam tindak pidana kesusilaan ini mempunyai payung hukum yaitu Undang-undang Pengadilan Anak dan Undang-undang Perlindungan Anak serta Undang-undang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. Penanganan anak pelaku dan korban ini haruslah mendapatkan perlakuan khusus dari aparat penegak hukum dari awal proses peradilan pidana sampai penjatuhan putusan hakim baik itu berupa pidana maupun tindakan dan pelaksanaan putusan tersebut.

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ABSTRACTChildren are the future generation and development asset. As the next generation, children should receive guidance in order to perform its obligations and to obtain protection needs and rights. Guidance and protection of children is the responsibility of parents, families, communities and countries. However, if the child is doing in terms of deviant behavior with a criminal offense against a child morality in the form of intercourse , the protection of children should be given to both the perpetrator and the victim. Protection and treatment of children who become perpetrators or victims in the criminal acts of decency which has legal protection which are the Juvenile Justice Act and the Child Protection Act also Child Criminal Justice System Act. Handling of child offenders and victims should get special treatment from law enforcement officers from the beginning until the imposition of the criminal justice process decision whether it be criminal or actions and implementation of the decision."

"Kasus kekerasan seksual dalam bentuk persetubuhan dapat terjadi pada perempuan usia reproduksi yang sedang mengalami keputihan. Sekitar 75-80% dari semua perempuan setidaknya sekali menderita infeksi kandidiasis vulvovaginal dan infeksi tersebut menyumbang lebih dari 25% vaginitis menular. Kondisi keputihan akibat kandidiasis disebabkan oleh perubahan mikrobioma vagina dapat menimbulkan perubahan pH dan jumlah neutrofil vagina yang memengaruhi motilitas dan persistensi spermatozoa dalam vagina. Lama motilitas dan persistensi spermatozoa dalam vagina baik pada kondisi fisiologis maupun patologis merupakan dasar pertimbangan bagi praktisi forensik dalam penentuan waktu terjadinya persetubuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pH, jumlah neutrofil, dan profil mikrobioma vagina terhadap motilitas dan persistensi spermatozoa dalam vagina tikus kandidiasis. Penelitian eksperimental ini menggunakan tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) galur wistar dengan tikus jantan sebanyak 6 ekor untuk sampel spermatozoa dan tikus betina sebanyak 32 ekor untuk perlakuan. Tikus betina dibagi dua kelompok yaitu tikus normal dan tikus kandidiasis. Pada kedua kelompok tikus betina diberikan perlakuan berupa inseminasi semen dalam vagina. Variabel yang diukur adalah pH, jumlah neutrofil, profil mikrobioma, motilitas dan persistensi spermatozoa dalam vagina. Analisis statistik perbedaan pH, jumlah neutrofil vagina, diversitas alfa mikrobioma, motilitas dan persistensi spermatozoa antara tikus kondisi normal dan model kandidiasis dengan uji Mann-Whitney, sedangkan perbedaan diversitas beta mikrobioma dilakukan uji permutational multivariate analysis of variance (Permanova). Estimasi survival motilitas dan persistensi spermatozoa dalam vagina menggunakan kurva kesintasan Kaplan-Meier dengan uji log-rank untuk penilaian signifikansi. Hubungan antara pH, jumlah neutrofil dan profil mikrobioma vagina dengan motilitas dan persistensi spermatozoa, dengan uji korelasi Spearman dilanjutkan uji regresi linear berganda. Hipotesis terbukti apabila pada uji perbedaan, uji log-rank,dan uji korelasi didapatkan nilai signifikansi p<0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan pH, jumlah neutrofil, motilitas dan persistensi spermatozoa antara kelompok tikus normal dengan tikus kandidiasis, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan profil mikrobioma tikus normal dan tikus kandidiasis. Kesintasan motilitas dan persistensi spermatozoa dalam vagina lebih lama pada tikus normal dibandingkan tikus kandidiasis. Terdapat korelasi antara pH dan jumlah neutrofil dengan motilitas dan persistensi spermatozoa dalam vagina tikus, namun tidak terdapat korelasi profil mikrobioma dengan motilitas dan persistensi spermatozoa dalam vagina tikus normal dan tikus kandidiasis. Semakin tinggi pH dan jumlah neutrofil dalam vagina, maka motilitas dan persistensi spermatozoa dalam vagina akan semakin menurun. Prosedur tambahan baru pada pemeriksaan kasus kekerasan seksual yang disarankan untuk dilakukan adalah pemeriksaan pH dan jumlah neutrofil vagina.......Cases of sexual violence in the form of sexual intercourse can occur in women of reproductive age who are experiencing vaginal discharge. Approximate 75-80% of all women suffer from vulvovaginal candidiasis infection at least once and the infection accounts for more than 25% of infectious vaginitis. The condition of vaginal discharge due to candidiasis is caused by changes in the vaginal microbiome which can cause changes in vaginal pH and neutrophil count which affects the motility and persistence of spermatozoa in the vagina. Duration of motility and persistence of spermatozoa in the vagina, both physiological and pathological conditions is a basic consideration for forensic practitioners in determining time since intercourse. This study aimed to analyze pH, neutrophil count, and vaginal microbiome profile on the motility and persistence of spermatozoa in the vagina of candidiasis rat as a principles for determining the time since intercourse. An experimental study was conducted using white rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain with 6 male rats for spermatozoa samples and 32 female rats for treatment. Female rat were divided into two groups, namely normal and candidiasis rat. In both groups, female rat were given treatment in the form of vaginal insemination of semen. The variables measured included pH, neutrophil count, microbiome profile, motility and persistence of spermatozoa in the vagina. Statistical analysis of differences in pH, vaginal neutrophil count, microbiome alpha diversity, motility and persistence of spermatozoa between rat in normal conditions and candidiasis models was carried out using the Mann-Whitney test, while differences in microbiome beta diversity were carried out by the permutational multivariate analysis of variance (Permanova) test. Estimation of survival motility and persistence of spermatozoa in the vagina used the Kaplan-Meier survival curve with the log-rank test for significance assessment. The correlation between pH, neutrophil count and vaginal microbiome profile with spermatozoa motility and persistence, with the Spearman correlation test followed by multiple linear regression tests. The hypothesis is proven if the difference test, log-rank test and correlation test show a significance value of p<0.05.The results showed that there were differences in pH, neutrophil count, motility and persistence of spermatozoa between groups of normal and candidiasis rat, but there were no differences in the microbiome profiles of normal and candidiasis rat. The survival of motility and persistence of spermatozoa in the vagina is longer in normal rat than in candidiasis rat. There was a correlation between pH and the neutrophil count with the motility and persistence of spermatozoa in the vagina of rat, but there was no correlation between the microbiome profile and the motility and persistence of spermatozoa in the vagina of normal and candidiasis rat. The higher the pH and neutrophil count in the vagina, the motility and persistence of spermatozoa in the vagina will decrease. A new additional procedure in examining cases of sexual violence that is recommended to be carried out is checking the pH and vaginal neutrophil count."