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"Penyandang disabilitas (PD) akan cenderung memutuskan bekerja untuk dapat memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya dan menjadi mandiri. Untuk melihat probabilitas bekerja diantara PD di Indonesia, penelitian ini akan mengestimasi probabilitas bekerja diantara PD dengan menggunakan metode Probit. Penelitian ini menggunakan unit analisis sebanyak 34.200 sampel penduduk usia kerja PD dengan single impairment dan bersumber dari Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional (Sakernas) Agustus 2018. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa PD yang mengalami gangguan penglihatan, pendengaran, jari/ tangan, komunikasi, dan mental berpengaruh signifikan meningkatkan probabilitas bekerja diantara PD dibandingkan PD yang mengalami gangguan berjalan. Minimnya aksesibilitas menyebabkan PD dengan gangguan berjalan mengalami kesulitan dalam bermobilitas dalam kehidupan sehari-hari seperti bekerja.

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Persons with disabilities (PWD) will tend to decide to work to be able to meet their needs and become independent. To see the probability of working among PWDs in Indonesia, this study will estimate the probability of working among PWDs using the Probit method. This study used an analysis unit of 34,200 samples of working age population with PWD with single impairment and sourced from the National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) in August 2018. The results of the analysis showed that PWD with visual, hearing, finger/hand, communication, and mental disorders had a significant effect increase the probability of working among PWDs compared to PDs who experience walking disorders. The lack of accessibility causes PWD with impaired walking have difficulty in mobility in daily life such as work."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini merupakan studi lanjutan yang membahas inklusifitas danpenerapannya, dalam hal aksesibilitas bagi penyandang disabilitas di BQMI.Penelitian ini bertujuan memformulasikan aspek-aspek utama yang perludiperhatikan dalam meningkatkan aksesibilitas fisik; aksesibilitas intelektualterhadap konten pameran; dan representasi penyandang disabilitas dalam narasi diBQMI. Dalam penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini, data dikumpulkan melalui studipustaka, observasi, simulasi dan wawancara. Peneliti menyarankan agar BQMImemperbaiki dan menambah fasilitas akses; membuat desain pameran yang dapatdiakses; serta merumuskan representasi yang baik bagi penyandang disabilitas.Dengan demikian, BQMI diharapkan dapat menjadi museum inklusif yangmencerminkan indahnya ajaran Islam yang menjunjung tinggi keadilan dankesetaraan.

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ABSTRACTThis study is a follow-up study that discusses inclusiveness and its application, interms of accessibility for persons with disabilities in BQMI. This study aims toformulate the key aspects to consider in improving physical accessibility;intellectual accessibility to the content of the exhibition; and the representation ofpersons with disabilities in the narrative in BQMI. In this qualitative descriptivestudy, data were collected through literature review, observation, simulation andinterviews. Researcher suggest that BQMI should fix and add access facilities;make accessible exhibition design; and formulate a good representation forpersons with disabilities. Thus, BQMI expected to be inclusive museum thatreflects the beauty of the teachings of Islam that upholds justice and equality."

"Artikel ini ditujukan untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian berupa faktor-faktor apa sajakah yang memengaruhi rendahnya keterpilihan penyandang disabilitas pada pemilihan anggota DPRD Jawa Barat 2019. Adapun, perspektif teoretis yang digunakan sebagai landasan analisis merujuk pada teori supply-demand side yang digagas oleh Pippa Norris dan Joni Lovenduski. Dalam perspektifnya tersebut, terdapat tiga faktor utama yang diindikasikan memiliki pengaruh terhadap proses rekrutmen dan seleksi hingga keterpilihan penyandang disabilitas dalam pemilu. Faktor-faktor ini terdiri atas faktor modal politik atau sumber daya dengan cakupan variabel: waktu, finansial, pengalaman politik dan jaringan pendukung. Faktor motivasi politik yang meliputi ambisi, dorongan dan kepentingan yang hendak diperjuangkan. Faktor diskriminasi yang dipengaruhi oleh adanya paradigma atau kultur dalam masyarakat terhadap kelompok disabilitas, sistem regulasi yang berlaku serta kecenderungan pragmatisme partai politik terhadap kandidat disabilitas. Faktor enabling environment berupa regulasi, keterbukaan partai terhadap isu disabilitas, keberpihakan penyelenggara pemilu, dan peran Organisasi Penyandang Disabilitas (OPD) menjadi faktor yang tak terpisahkan dalam kasus ini. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan instrumen wawancara mendalam terhadap sejumlah informan serta analisis dokumen terhadap sejumlah hal yang berkaitan dengan isu yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini. Sehingga, kesimpulan yang dapat diajukan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa faktor modal, motivasi politik dan diskriminasi serta enabling environment memiliki pengaruh terhadap rendahnya keterpilihan penyandang disabilitas sebagai anggota DPRD pada pemilu legislatif Jawa Barat tahun 2019.

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This article was intended to answer research questions in the form of factors that influenced the low electability of people wih disabilities in the Legislative Elections of West Java in 2019. Moreover, the theoretical perspective used as a basis for analysis referred to the supply-demand side theory initiated by Pippa Norris and Joni Lovenduski. In this perspective, there were three main factors that were indicated to have an influence on the recruitment and selection process until the election of persons with disabilities in the election. These factors consisted of political capital factor or resources with a range of variables: time, financial, political experience, and supporting network. Political motivation factor which included ambition, drive, and interests to be fought for. Discrimination factor that was influenced by the existence of a paradigm or culture in society against disability groups, the prevailing regulatory system, and the pragmatism of political parties towards disability candidates. Enabling environment factor consited of regulation, the partiality of election organizers, political party’s openness to the issue of disability and role of disabled people’s organizations became an inseparable factor. Furthermore, this study used a qualitative method with in-depth interviews done to a number of relevant informants and document analysis of several issues related to the problems raised in this study. Thus, the conclusion that could be drawn from this study was that the capital factor, political motivation, discrimination and enabling environment had an influence on the lackness of persons with disabilities candidates being elected as members of the DPRD in the legislative election of West Java in 2019."

"Skripsi ini membahas perlindungan dan pemenuhan hak penyandang disabilitas khususnya dalam hal pekerjaan. Penelitian berfokus pada kuota minimal penyandang disabilitas yang harus dipenuhi oleh Pemerintah Daerah, Pemerintah Kabupaten/Kota, BUMD, dan perusahaan swasta di DIY. Selain itu penelitian dilakukan untuk melihat kesesuaian perda yang mengatur hak penyandang disabilitas secara umum dengan pelaksanaannya di lapangan, seperti pelatihan kewirausahaan, penempatan tenaga kerja, fasilitas kerja, dsb. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam skripsi ini adalah yuridis-normatif yang menekankan pada norma hukum tertulis dan hasil penelitian disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan Disnaker DIY sebagai Penyelenggara pelayanan publik sudah melakukan kewajibannya sebagaimana tertera pada Undang-Undang Pelayanan Publik dan Perda DIY tentang Perlindungan dan Pemenuhan Hak Penyandang Disabilitas. Namun masih terdapat kekurangan berupa tidak adanya data potensi kerja penyandang disabilitas yang memuat jenis, kompetensi, dan sebaran jumlah penyandang disabilitas usia kerja. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, penulis menyarankan agar Disnaker bekerjasama dengan Dinas Sosial untuk mendata penyandang disabilitas usia kerja yang ada di DIY. Data ini diharapkan dapat meminimalisir misinformasi antara penyandang disabilitas dengan penerima kerja.

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This thesis discusses the protection and fulfillment of the rights of persons with disabilities, especially in terms of employment. The research focuses on fulfilling the minimum quota that must be met by the Regional Government, Regency/City Governments, BUMDs, and private companies in DIY to employ persons with disabilities. In addition, research was conducted to see the suitability of regional regulations regulating the rights of persons with disabilities in general with the implementation in the field, such as entrepreneurship training, employment placement, work facilities, etc. The research method used in this thesis is juridical-normative which emphasizes the written legal norms and the results are presented descriptively. The results of this study conclude that Disnaker DIY as a public service provider has fulfilled its obligations as stated in the Public Service Law and the DIY Regional Law of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. But there are still deficiencies that must be corrected such no work potential data of persons with disabilities, which includes the types, competencies, and distribution of the number of persons with disabilities of working age. Based on the results, author suggest that Disnaker collaborate with Dinas Sosial to record working age persons with disabilities in DIY. This data is expected to minimize misinformation between persons with disabilities and work recipients."

"ABSTRAKPekerjaan adalah hal yang fundamental untuk mencari nafkah, meraih kepercayaan diri, dan berpartisipasi dalam masyarakat, tetapi Tuli usia kerja sering kali tidak mendapatkan pekerjaan. Meskipun ada perbaikan dalam kebijakan hukum seputar akses dan tenaga kerja, khususnya melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2016 tentang Penyandang Disabilitas, penggunaan bahasa isyarat memengaruhi prospek pekerjaan Tuli usia kerja. Padahal bahasa isyarat sangat penting untuk Tuli usia kerja supaya dapat berkomunikasi, mengekspresikan diri, dan belajar. Tuli usia kerja juga dapat menghadapi diskriminasi dari calon pemberi kerja. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk menentukan apakah akses penuh ke pekerjaan untuk Tuli usia kerja dijamin oleh peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia, terutama di DKI Jakarta, dan disusun dalam dua bagian. Di bagian pertama, terdapat analisis data sekunder peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia. Analisis mengenai peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia ini memberikan landasan bagi hak atas pekerjaan bagi para penyandang disabilitas. Pada bagian kedua, dilakukan wawancara kualitatif dengan seorang pejabat pemerintah provinsi DKI Jakarta dan seorang tuli mengenai pengalaman kerjanya di perusahaan swasta. Hasil dari makalah ini menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia mengklaim memberikan kesempatan kerja kepada tuli yang akan memungkinkan mereka untuk mencapai potensi maksimal mereka melalui peraturan perundang-undangan, tetapi hambatan utama terhadap hak atas pekerjaan timbul dari lingkungan yang tidak dapat diakses terkait dengan praktik perekrutan, kesalahpahaman, dan sikap terhadap Tuli, bukannya ketidakmampuan untuk mendengar.

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ABSTRACTEmployment is fundamental to earning money, attaining self-confidence, and participating in society, but deaf adults are often denied an employment. Despite improvements in legal policies surrounding access and the workforce, particularly through Law No. 8 of 2016 on Persons with Disabilities, the usage of sign language for deaf adults affects their employment prospects. Sign language is critical for deaf people to be able to communicate, express themselves, and learn. Deaf adults may also face discrimination from potential employers. This paper aims to determine whether the current Indonesian legislation ensures the deaf adults to have full access to employment, especially in the capital of Indonesia, Jakarta, and is organized into two sections. In the first section, secondary data analysis of Indonesian laws and regulations is presented. This analysis regarding Indonesian laws and regulations provide a foundation for right to work of the persons with disabilities. In the second section, qualitative interviews with a Jakarta city government official and a deaf private sector employee are conducted. Results from this paper show that Indonesia claims to provide deaf adults with employment opportunities which will enable them to succeed to their maximum potential through laws and regulations, but the main barriers to employment arise from inaccessible environments associated with employers hiring practices, misconceptions and attitudes, rather than an inability to hear."

"Penelitian ini mengenai gambaran pemberdayaan penyandang disabilitas melalui program pelatihan vokasional Yayasan Menembus Batas yang dibahas berdasarkan disiplin Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial. Penyandang Disabilitas di Indonesia masih mengalami tingkat kemiskinan yang tinggi, karena masih adanya diskriminasi pada penyandang disabilitas di pasar tenaga kerja. Fenomena itu menunjukan perlunya pemberian layanan yang berkelanjutan dan memberdayakan penyandang disabilitas. Salah satu layanan yang dapat dilakukan adalah pemberian pelatihan vokasional guna meningkatkan keterampilan dan kemampuan individu penyandang disabilitas. Diperlukan juga pelatihan vokasional yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan penyandang disabilitas dalam memasuki pasar tenaga kerja dan meningkatkan keberfungsian sosial serta kemandirian individu penyandang disabilitas. Urgensi penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkapkan pengembangan layanan bantuan pelatihan vokasional yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan penyandang disabilitas untuk bersaing di pasar tenaga kerja. Mengingat masih ada pelatihan vokasional dari panti atau yayasan di Indonesia yang tidak sesuai dengan pasar tenaga kerja. Yayasan Menembus Batas merupakan perusahaan sosial yang diinisiasikan berdasarkan pengalaman secara langsung pendirinya yang penyandang disabilitas tuli yaitu Angkie Yudistia dalam bersaing di pasar tenaga kerja. Oleh karena itu tujuan penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan potensi yayasan dalam pengembangan program pelatihan vokasional dan menjelaskan faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam proses pelatihan vokasional di Yayasan Menembus Batas. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dari bulan Februari 2022 hingga November 2022 dengan metode wawancara kepada 8 orang informan yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Yayasan Menembus Batas melakukan pengembangan pelatihan vokasional dengan memaksimalkan potensi yayasan yaitu dengan adanya penggunaan teknologi, asesmen kebutuhan peserta dan pengguna manfaat serta meningkatkan motivasi peserta melalui pemberian materi, modul dan pendekatan secara personal kepada komunitas penyandang disabilitas. Faktor penghambat terdiri dari kurangnya motivasi penyandang disabilitas dalam mengikuti pelatihan dan kekurangan juru bahasa dalam proses kegiatan. Namun, Yayasan Menembus Batas memiliki potensi dalam proses pelatihan sebagai faktor pendukung yaitu adanya penjalinan kerjasama perusahaan yang luas, pemberian pelatihan vokasional yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan pasar tenaga kerja dan sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman berbasis digital. Selain itu, sebagai pengembangan, Yayasan melakukan survey kebutuhan kepada pengguna manfaat dan peserta pelatihan sehingga pelatihan yang diberikan relevan dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan pasar tenaga kerja. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat viii Universitas Indonesia memberikan kontribusi untuk pengembangan Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial pada mata kuliah Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia mengenai upaya pengembangan program layanan pada program pelatihan vokasional untuk meningkatkan kompetensi sosial penyandang disabilitas dalam pasar tenaga kerja.

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This study discuss the description of the empowerment of persons with disabilities through the Vocational Training Program by Yayasan Menembus Batas, which is discussed based on the Social Welfare Science discipline. Persons with Disabilities in Indonesia still experience high levels of poverty due to discrimination against persons with disabilities in the labor market. This phenomenon shows the need to provide sustainable services and empower persons with disabilities, one of which can be done by providing vocational training to improve the skills and abilities of individuals with disabilities. There is also a need for vocational training that fits the needs of persons with disabilities in entering the labor market and improves the social functioning and independence of individuals with disabilities. The urgency of this research is to reveal the development of vocational training assistance services that suit the needs of persons with disabilities to compete in the labor market. Considering that there are still vocational training from institutions or foundations in Indonesia that are not in line with the labor market. Yayasan Menembus Batas is a social enterprise that was initiated based on the direct experience of its founder who is deaf and disabled, namely Angkie Yudistia, in competing in the labor market. Therefore the purpose of this study is to explain the potential of the foundation in developing vocational training programs and to explain the supporting and inhibiting factors in the vocational training process at Yayasan Menembus Batas. This research was conducted qualitatively with a descriptive study type of research. Data collection was carried out from February 2022 to November 2022 by interviewing 8 informants who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The results of this study indicate Yayasan Menembus Batas develops vocational training by maximizing the potential of the foundation, namely by using technology, assessing the needs of participants and benefit users and increasing participant motivation through providing materials, modules and personal approaches to the disabled community. Inhibiting factors consist of a lack of motivation for persons with disabilities in participating in training and a shortage of interpreters in the activity process. However, Yayasan menembus Batas has potential in the training process as a supporting factor, namely the establishment of broad corporate partnerships, the provision of vocational training in accordance with the needs of the labor market and in accordance with the development of the digital-based era. In addition, as a development, the Foundation conducts a needs survey for beneficiaries and training participants so that the training provided is relevant and in accordance with the needs of the labor market. The results of this research are expected to contribute to the development of Social Welfare Science in the Human Resource Management course regarding efforts to develop service programs in vocational training programs to improve the social competence of persons with disabilities in the labor market."

"Participation in the public sector is an important element of disabled people’s political rights. This paper explores the composition and practices of governmental disability-related advisory committees in Taiwan’s central and local governments. We used documentary analysis, focus groups, and in-depth interviews in our research, finding that the percentage of disabled people in governmental disabilityrelated advisory committees is very low; usually there are only one or two disabled committee members, in most instances with physical disabilities. Furthermore, there are no transparent criteria for the selection of disabled committee members. Accessibility and support are also rarely taken into account in these committees. In Taipei’s new direct election system, the Taipei city government has increased the number of disabled committee members and broadened coverage of different types of disabilities. However, many disabled persons still question the practices of direct election. Finally, this paper suggests that to further promote the civic participation of disabled persons in public policy, the government should increase the number of disabled people in governmental disability-related advisory committees, ensure a democratic selection mechanism, empower disabled people’s organizations, and provide accessibility and support for the participation of disabled people in public policies. A democratic, diverse, and accessible governmental committee will further support and protect the rights of persons with disabilities."

"Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) adalah salah satu program pemerintah yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan partisipasi sekolah, termasuk partisipasi sekolah anak disabilitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh program BOS yang diberikan kepada SLB terhadap Angka Partisipasi Sekolah (APS) anak disabilitas pada tingkat kabupaten/kota di tahun 2020-2021. Dengan menggunakan metode analisis data panel, penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil bahwa BOS untuk SLB tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap APS anak penyandang disabilitas di kabupaten/kota yang memperoleh dana BOS minimal sebesar Rp 120juta. Kabupaten/kota yang menerima dana BOS minimal Rp 120juta menandakan bahwa sekolah pada kabupaten/kota tersebut telah memenuhi minimal fixed cost yang dibutuhkan untuk menjalankan operasional sekolah. Namun demikian, meskipun kabupaten/kota sudah memperoleh besaran dana BOS minimal sesuai fixed cost, ternyata dana BOS tidak dapat meningkatkan partisipasi sekolah anak penyandang disabilitas. Variabel independen lainnya yang berpengaruh signifikan yaitu persentase disabilitas berat, persentase disabilitas yang tinggal di wilayah urban, rasio ketersediaan sekolah inklusi, rata-rata lama sekolah, dan regional. Sedangkan variabel independen lainnya yang tidak signifikan yaitu rasio guru-siswa SLB, rasio ketersediaan SLB, PDRB per kapita, dan usia harapan hidup. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa besaran dana BOS untuk SLB masih relatif sedikit jika dibandingkan dengan kebutuhan operasional sekolah, jenjang pendidikan dan jenis kebutuhan/gangguan; masih belum maksimalnya pendataan SLB untuk dapat menerima dana BOS; serta masih besarnya biaya personal pendidikan yang perlu dikeluarkan oleh keluarga dengan penyandang disabilitas. Penelitian ini memberikan implikasi bahwa perlu adanya evaluasi terhadap besaran dana BOS untuk SLB dengan menghitung kebutuhan riil operasional, jenjang sekolah dan jenis kebutuhan/gangguan penyandang disabilitas, perlu dimaksimalkannya pendataan SLB dan siswa penyandang disabilitas agar dapat menerima BOS, serta perlu ditingkatkannya bantuan untuk keluarga dengan penyandang disabilitas untuk membantu mengurangi biaya personal pendidikan.

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School Operational Assistance (BOS) is a government program that aims to increase school participation, including school participation for children with disabilities. This study aims to find out how much influence the BOS program provided to SLB has on the School Participation Rate (APS) of children with disabilities at the district/city level in 2020-2021. Using the panel data analysis method, this study shows that BOS for special schools does not have a significant effect on the APS of children with disabilities in 2020- 2021 in regencies/cities that receive a minimum BOS fund of IDR 120 million. Districts/cities that receive BOS funds of more than IDR 120 million indicate that schools are sufficient to meet the minimum fixed costs required for school operations. Even though schools have received the minimum amount of BOS funds according to the fixed cost, they cannot increase the school participation of children with disabilities in districts/cities. Other independent variables that have a significant effect are the percentage of severe disabilities, the percentage of disabled living in urban areas, the ratio of the availability of inclusive schools, the average length of schooling, and the region. Meanwhile, other independent variables that were not significant were the teacher-student ratio of SLB, the ratio of availability of SLB, GRDP per capita, and life expectancy. These results indicate that the amount of BOS funds for special schools is still relatively small when compared to the operational needs of schools, educational levels and types of needs/disorders; the data collection for SLB is still not maximal to be able to receive BOS funds; as well as the large personal costs of education that need to be paid by families with disabilities. This research has implications that it is necessary to evaluate the amount of BOS funds for SLB by calculating real operational needs, school level and types of needs/disorders of persons with disabilities, it is necessary to maximize data collection on SLB and students with disabilities so that they can receive BOS, and it is necessary to increase assistance to families with disabilities to help reduce personal education costs."