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"Phalaenopsis celebensis is a rare and endemic species of Sulawesi. In this experiment flower stalk culture was chosen as a method to propagate the species, since generative propagation has not been given satisfied results. Othe advantage is that this method does not need to risk the live of the rare and preciuous cllection. Phalaenopsis celebensis was survived in MS medium supplemented with 5 ppm BA (Benzyladenine). Nodal cuttings of P. celebensis flower stalk under 20-25 C exhibit three growth pattern, either developed into shoots, flower stalk or remain dormant."

"Induksi protocorm like-bodies (PLBs) pada berbagai eksplan anggrek,khususnya Phalaenopsis, telah banyak dilakukan. Namun, informasimengenai sel atau jaringan pembentuk PLBs tersebut masih sedikit diketahui.Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui sel atau jaringan eksplan daunPhalaenopsis yang berpotensi membentuk PLBs dengan cara pengamatananatomi. Pengamatan anatomi dilakukan dengan pembuatan preparatmenggunakan metode parafin dan pewarnaan safranin-fastgreen. Bahanpembuatan preparat terdiri dari potongan daun in vivo (DD), potongan daunhasil kultur in vitro nodus tangkai bunga (M0) dan daun hasil kultur in vitroyang berumur 5 minggu (M5), 7 minggu (M7) dan 9 minggu (M9) setelah haritanam serta protocorm hasil kultur in vitro biji Phalaenopsis (P). Pengamatananatomi pada daun hasil kultur in vitro M7 menunjukkan sel subepidermisberpotensi membentuk PLBs. Pada daun hasil kultur in vitro M9menunjukkan sel subepidermis dan sel epidermis berpotensi membentukPLBs, selain itu juga sel-sel mesofil menunjukkan ciri-ciri meristematikwalaupun belum mengalami pembelahan. Pengamatan morfologi dananatomi menunjukkan PLBs cenderung lebih banyak terbentuk di bagianadaksial (atas) daun. Sel-sel protocorm hasil kultur in vitro biji yang memilikiciri-ciri meristematik tinggi adalah sel epidermis. Protocorm, hasil kultur invitro biji, pada pertumbuhan selanjutnya dapat langsung membentuk tunasatau membentuk PLBs. Begitu pula dengan PLBs yang terbentuk padapotongan daun, dapat langsung membentuk tunas atau membentuk PLBsbaru."

"To study the intergeneric crossing between orchids of Phalaenopsis sp. and Vanda Tricolor, three species of Phalaenopsis sp. (Phalaenopsis Joane Kileup June, Phalaenopsis Pinlong Cinderella, and (Phal. Fortune Buddha x Phal. Princess Kaiulani) were crossed reciprocally with Vanda Tricolor in time-different value (within the first, second and third week after full opened flower). The crossing of phalaenopsis sp. and Vanda tricolor was compatible, and the use of Phalaenopsis sp. as male parent had better probability in producing fruits rather than the opposite. The crossing which was done at the first and the second weeks after blooming produced more fruit than the crossing at the third weeks after blooming, even through it did not affect the success of crossing, time of fruit formation, and duration of fruit hanging."

"Induksi poliploidi pada bibit Phalaenopsis amabilis telah dilakukan menggunakan kolkisin secara in vivo. Induksi poliploidi dilakukan dengan meneteskan kolkisin pada pucuk bibit P. amabilis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi kolkisin yang efektif untuk induksi poliploidi bibit P. amabilis dan menghasilkan bibit P. amabilis poliploid. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan satu faktor, yaitu konsentrasi kolkisin. Pucuk bibit P. amabilis ditetesi 0,01 ml kolkisin (0, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, dan 5000 mg L-1 ). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi kolkisin dari 1000 sampai 5000 mg L -1 tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap persentase hidup dan pertumbuhan bibit pada 24 minggu setelah perlakuan (24 MSP). Bibit P. amabilis poliploid dapat dihasilkan pada penetesan kolkisin 1000, 3000, 4000, dan 5000 mg L -1 dengan konsentrasi kolkisin paling efektif adalah 5000 mg L -1 . Bibit poliploid memiliki ukuran stomata lebih besar dari bibit diploid sebaliknya kerapatan stomatanya lebih rendah.

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ABSTRACTPolyploid induction on the seedlings of Phalaenopsis amabilis has been done using colchicine under in vivo condition. Polyploid were induced by dripping colchicine to the shoot tip of P. amabilis seedlings. The objective of this study was to obtain an effective concentration of colchicine to induce polyploidy in P. amabilis seedlings and to produce polyploid seedlings. Experiment was arranged in randomize completely block design with one factor, the colchicine concentration. Seedlings of P. amabilis were dripped with 0,01 ml of colchicine solutions (0, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 mg L-1 ). Results of the experiment showed that increasing colchicine concentration from 1000 to 5000 mg L-1 did not give significant effect to the survival and the growth of the seedlings which were observed at 24 weeks after treatment (WAT). Polyploid seedlings of P. amabilis could be produced by dripping colchicine at the concentration of 1000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 mg L -1 but the most effective concentration was 5000 mg L-1. Polyploid seedlings of P. amabilis have larger size with the lower density of stomata compared with their diploid counterparts."

"Penelitian mengenai studi anatomi daun dan akar pada lima spesies Phalaenopsis telah dilakukan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan anatomi daun dan akar untuk melengkapi karakter diagnostik dan melihat dugaan potensi adaptasi terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Spesies yang digunakan adalah P. amabilis, P. cornu-cervi, P. fimbriata, P. bellina dan P. tetraspis, lalu dianalisis struktur kontur kutikula, bentuk sel epidermis, bentuk sel mesofil, bentuk sel tetangga, bentuk sel velamen, bentuk eksodermis, dan bentuk endodermis sebagai data kualitatif. Ketebalan daun, ketebalan kutikula, ketebalan epidermis, ketebalan mesofil, luas jaringan pembuluh primer, luas floem, luas xylem, luas akar, ketebalan velamen, ketebalan korteks, ketebalan eksodermis, ketebalan endodermis, luas jaringan pembuluh primer, luas xilem dan luas floem dianalisis sebagai data kuantitatif. Daun dan akar disayat menggunakan hand-sliding microtome untuk pengamatan sayatan melintang, kemudian diamati di bawah mikroskop cahaya. Daun dikerik untuk mendapatkan pengamatan sayatan paradermal. Hasil pengamatan karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif kelima spesies Phalaenopsis memiliki karakter pembeda pada persebaran stomata, tipe stomata, kontur kutikula, tipe velamen, dan luas stele. Daun Phalaenopsis memiliki variasi bentuk stomata berdasarkan tipe sel tetangga, yaitu tipe tetrasitik, parasitik dan anisositik. daun P. amabilis memiliki stomata amphistomatatik. Daun P. tetraspis memiliki kontur kutikula adaksial dan abaksial berbentuk ridge. Akar P. cornu-cervi memiliki velamen uniseriatus, dan luas stele P. fimbriata memiliki rerata 0,3 mm2. Hasil penelitian telah dilakukan untuk melengkapi data terhadap karakter anatomi daun dan akar.......The study aimed to determine the anatomical character of Phalaenopsis to complement the diagnostic character and the alleged potential for adaptation has been carried out. The objective was to describe leaf and root anatomy structure and compare those structures between species. P. amabilis, P. cornu-cervi, P. fimbriata, P. bellina and P. tetraspis was used in the research. Leaf and root anatomical differences was analyzed by qualitative and quantitative approach. Qualitative data includes the presence cuticle, epidermal cell, mesophyll shape, velamen shape, exoderm shape, and endoderm shape. Quantitative data includes cuticle thickness, epidermal thickness, mesophyll thickness large area of phloem, large area of xylem, velamen thickness, exoderm thickness, endoderm thickness area of stele, area of phloem, and area of xylem. Leaf and root dissected by handsliding microtome, then observed under light microscope for crosssection observation. Leaf scraped for paradermal observation. Result shows differ character in cuticle, stomatal distribution, stomata type and area of stele. The qualitative and quantitative characters of the five species of Phalaenopsis have distinguishing characteristics in stomata distribution, stomata type, cuticle contour, velamen type, and stele area. Phalaenopsis leaves have a variety of stomata forms based on neighboring cell types, which are tetracytic, parasitic and anisocytic types. P. amabilis leaves have amphistomatatic stomata. P. tetraspis leaves have a ridge-shaped adaxial and abaxial contour. The root of P. cornu-cervi has uniseriatus velamen, and the extent of P. fimbriata stele has an average of 0.3 mm2. The results of the research have been carried out to complete the data on the anatomical character of leaves and roots."

"Orchid is a beautiful flowers and grows in the different area depend on the origin habitat. Phalaenopsis is one of the orchid family, grown in the humid area. Temperature, humidity and intensity are very important for phalaenopsis life. Controling automitacally will make it easy for the phalaenopsis farmer. With Microcontroller for controling the sensor devices, the system make it error 0.44% for temperature and 0% for time schedule to open the roof."