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"The purpose of this research is to study the effectiveness of smoke clearing with adsorbents measured in situ using the photoelectric type smoke detection system. The influence of the type, size and the mass of the adsorbents was evaluated against the smoke clearing process. Adsorbent types studied were commercial activated carbon, ZnCl2-activated carbon, and activated natural zeolite, with the size of 0.6-1.0 ?m, 1.0 to 2.0 ?m, 53-106 ?m, and 106-212 ?m, and the mass of 1, 3, and 5g. The smoke was generated by burning tissue paper using an electrical soldering apparatus. The adsorbent was dispersed using a pressurized nitrogen system. The results showed that in comparison with no adsorbent, the activated carbon and natural zeolite were more effective for clearing the smoke. The order of clearing effectiveness was best achieved by commercial activated carbon, ZnCl2-activated carbon and activated natural zeolite, respectively. Particle size of 53 micron provided the most effective performance. The more mass of adsorbent dispersed, the faster the clearing process. Clearing process at the top of the column was faster than that at the bottom. The best t10 value obtained for the top, middle and bottom column were 4, 4.6, and 7.7 minutes, respectively. In addition, the average adsorption of carbon monoxide was less than 15%."

"This book combines semi-physical simulation technology with an Internet of Things (IOT) application system based on novel mathematical methods such as the Fisher matrix, artificial neural networks, thermodynamic analysis, support vector machines, and image processing algorithms. The dynamic testing and semi-physical verification of the theory and application were conducted for typical IOT systems such as RFID systems, Internet of Vehicles systems, and two-dimensional barcode recognition systems. The findings presented are of great scientific significance and have wide application potential for solving bottlenecks in the development of RFID technology and IOT engineering. The book is a valuable resource for postgraduate students in fields such as computer science and technology, control science and engineering, and information science. Moreover, it is a useful reference resource for researchers in IOT and RFID-related industries, logistics practitioners, and system integrators."

"Detektor asap umumnya banyak digunakan pada bangunan tinggi. Akan tetapi, pada kenyataannya masih banyak pemanfaatan detektor asap yang kurang efektif sehingga kinerja dari detektor asap tidak optimal. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari karakteristik dari hasil pembakaran dua jenis bahan yang berbeda, yaitu jenis flaming (bensin) dan smouldering (foam) khususnya dari pergerakan asap yang dihasilkan serta pengaruhnya terhadap respon detektor asap. Dengan mengetahui karakteristik tersebut, diharapkan dapat dijadikan referensi untuk memilih detektor asap yang tepat. Secara umum penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua tahap, yaitu tahap simulasi dan tahap eksperimen. Simulasi dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik dari hasil pembakaran. Kemudian eksperimen dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh karakteristik tersebut terhadap tipe detektor asap yang digunakan. Dari hasil simulasi didapatkan bahwa aliran asap pada pembakaran kedua jenis bahan bakar yang digunakan tergolong aliran laminar pada saat asap keluar dari sumbernya. Namun, kecepatan asap pada pembakaran bensin lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kecepatan asap pada pembakaran foam. Kemudian dari hasil eksperimen didapatkan bahwa detektor asap ionisasi lebih reaktif terhadap pembakaran jenis flaming, sedangkan detector asap fotoelektrik lebih reaktif terhadap pembakaran jenis smouldering.

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Smoke detectors are widely used in buildings. However, the fact that smoke detector role and performance in a building are still not optimal and ineffective. The main objective of this research is to study the combustion characteristics of two different types of material, which is kind of flaming (petrol) and smouldering (foam), especially from the movement of smoke produced and the influence on smoke detector response. By knowing the characteristics, it is expected to be the reference for selecting the right smoke detector.

This study is generally done in two stages of simulation and experimental stage. The simulation is conducted to determine the characteristics of combustion products. Then experiments are conducted to determine the effect of these characteristics on the type of smoke detector used.

From the simulation results showed that the flow of smoke in the burning of both types of fuel used is laminar flow when smoke coming from the source. However, the speed of the smoke in the combustion of gasoline is higher than the velocity of smoke at the burning foam. Then, from the experimental results showed that ionization smoke detector is more reactive to flaming combustion type, while the photoelectric smoke detector is more reactive to smouldering combustion type."

"ABSTRAKSistem pendeteksi asap tipe fotoelektrik telah dikembangkan dalampenelitian ini. Sistem memanfaatkan sinar laser komersial sebagai sumber cahayadan sensor cahaya photodioda sebagai receiver. Sebuah micro controllerdiaplikasikan untuk mengontrol sistem termasuk merekam data eksperimen.Perbandingan intensitas awal dan intensitas asap yang diterima olehsensor cahaya photodioda dipergunakan untuk mengukur nilai densitas optik dariasap. Untuk mendapatkan konsistensi di dalam pengukuran densitas optik, didalam tahap pengembangannya, telah dilakukan kalibrasi menggunakan lima buah(5) lensa terkalibrasi dengan densitas optik yang berbeda.Sistem pendeteksi asap yang telah dikembangkan kemudian diaplikasikanuntuk mengukur densitas optik asap yang berasal dari pembakaran kertas denganvariasi massa dan volume ruang uji. Secara simultan juga dilakukan pengukuranjarak pandang tanda EXIT dengan ketebalan asap yang berbeda. Penelitian inimembuktikan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang positif antara densitas optik asapterukur dengan jarak pandang / visibilitas tanda EXIT.

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AbstractA photoelectric smoke detection system was developed in this work. Thesystem utilised a commercial laser beam as a source light and photodiode lightsensor as a receiver. A microcontroller was applied to control the systemincluiding the recording of the experimental data.The ratio between initial intensity and smoke intensity received byphotodiode light sensor was used to measure the value of smoke optical density.In order to get consistency in the measurement of optical density, the device hasbeen calibrated using five (5) calibrated lens with different optical density.The smoke detection system which has been developed was applied formeasure smoke optical density from burning paper with mass and volume ofchamber variation. Simultaneously, it?s also applied to measure the visibility ofEXIT sign with different optical density. This research proves that there is apositive relation between smoke optical density measured and the visibility ofEXIT sign."