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"Penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) menyebabkan ketidakseimbangan suplai dan kebutuhan metabolik miokard dalam melakukan fungsi sirkulasi dan homeostasis. Baku emas terapi PJK adalah bedah pintas arteri koroner (BPAK). Prosedur BPAK dengan mesin pintas jantung paru (PJP) dapat mencetuskan cedera miokard tingkat selular sehingga memerlukan aplikasi proteksi miokard. Glutamin adalah asam amino conditionally essential yang berperan dalam proteksi miokard dengan membentuk energi selama periode iskemia, tetapi belum teruji penggunaannya pada pasien dengan fraksi ejeksi rendah. Padahal, pasien fraksi ejeksi (EF) rendah lebih rentan terhadap cedera miokard, sehingga glutamin diharapkan dapat memberi proteksi. Penelitian menggunakan desain double blind randomized controlled trial di Instalasi Bedah Jantung Dewasa RSJPDHK Jakarta pada bulan Januari–Agustus 2021 dengan subjek penelitian 60 pasien sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Alokasi random subjek untuk memilih 30 pasien mendapatkan 500 mL glutamin 0,5 g/kg dalam NaCl 0,9% sebagai kelompok intervensi (glutamin), dan 30 pasien mendapatkan NaCl 0,9% sebanyak 500 mL sebagai kelompok kontrol selama 24 jam pertama. Pengukuran yang dilakukan meliputi kadar glutamin plasma, kadar α-KG, myocardial injury score, indeks apoptosis, ekspresi anti-kardiak troponin I, kadar troponin I, EF, indeks jantung dan kadar laktat. Dua subjek drop out sehingga analisis dilakukan terhadap 58 subjek. Efek proteksi miokard glutamin terlihat pada kadar troponin I, laktat plasma, dan myocardical injury score yang lebih rendah pada kelompok glutamin, serta ekspresi anti-kardiak troponin I jaringan apendiks atrium kanan jantung setelah mesin PJP dilepas lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol. Tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna indeks apoptosis jaringan apendiks atrium kanan, fraksi ejeksi pasca-operasi, penggunaan vasoaktif dan inotropik pasca-operasi, durasi penggunaan ventilator dan durasi perawatan intensif pasca-operasi pada kedua kelompok. Simpulan: Pemberian preoperatif glutamin 0,5 g/kg secara intravena dalam 24 jam pertama memiliki efek proteksi miokard pada pasien BPAK elektif dengan EF rendah yang menggunakan mesin PJP.......Coronary heart disease (CHD) causes a myocardial metabolic supply and demand imbalance in performing circulatory and homeostatic functions. The gold standard treatment of CHD is coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). The CABG procedure with a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) machine can trigger myocardial injury at cellular level due to ischemia and reperfusion. Glutamine is a conditionally essential amino acid in the human body which has a role as myocardial protector through energy production during myocardial ischemia. However, its application has not been tested in low ejection fraction (EF) patients. Meanwhile, patients with low EF are more vulnerable to myocardial injury. Thus, glutamine administration was expected to provide myocardial protection. The study was a double-blind, randomized controlled trial design and was performed at the Adult Cardiac Surgery Installation of the National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta from January to August 2021 with a sample size of 60 patients meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subjects were randomly allocated into intervention (glutamine): 30 patients were administered a solution of glutamine 0.5 g/kg dissolved in 0.9% NaCl up to 500 mL in total volume and control group; 30 patients were administered 500 mL of 0.9% NaCl, both over a period of the first 24 hours. Parameters measured include plasma glutamine levels, α-KG levels, myocardial injury scores, apoptotic index, anti-cardiac troponin I expression, troponin I levels, EF, cardiac index and lactate levels. Two samples were dropped out; hence 58 patients were analyzed in this study. Myocardial protective effects of glutamine are observed in plasma troponin I, lactate levels, and myocardial injury score of right atrial appendage tissue, which were significantly lower in the glutamine group and higher anti-cardiac troponin I expression of right atrial appendage tissue in the glutamine group. Apoptotic index of right atrial appendage tissue, postoperative ejection fraction, postoperative use of vasoactive and inotropic, ventilator time, and duration of intensive care showed no significant differences in both groups. Conclusion: Preoperative administration of intravenous glutamine 0.5 g/kg in the first 24 hours has a cardioprotective effect in low EF patients underwent elective on-pump CABG."

"[Kejadian Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) pasca bedah jantung terbuka masih merupakan salah satu komplikasi yang banyak ditemukan. Salah satu faktor risikonya adalah durasi pintas jantung. Studi kohort retrospektif dilakukan terhadap 187 pasien bedah jantung terbuka di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo tahun 2014-2015. Subjek dibedakan menjadi 2 kelompok berdasarkan durasi pintas jantung (durasi >60 menit dan ≤60 menit). Sebanyak 107 (57,2%) pasien mengalami SIRS dalam 24 jam pasca operasi. Kejadian SIRS ditemukan pada 75 (65,8%) pasien dari kelompok durasi >60 menit dan 32 (43,8%) pasien darikelompok durasi ≤60 menit. Melalui analisis multivariat regresi logistik, didapatkan hubungan bermakna (p<0,05) antara durasi CPB dan SIRS dengan OR2,04 (IK95% 1,05-3,93). Durasi CPB merupakan faktor risiko independen dari kejadian SIRS pasca bedah jantung terbuka.

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Sytemic inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) is a major complication foundat patient following open heart surgery. One of the risk factors is the duration of thecardiopulmonary bypass. A historical cohort study had been done on 187 postcardiac surgery patients in RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. The subjects were divided into 2 separate groups based on the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (duration >60 minutes and ≤60 minutes). There were 107 (57.2%) patients having SIRS within 24 hours following the surgery. SIRS was found on 75 (65.8%)patients from group with duration >60 minutes and 32 (43.8%) patients from group with duration ≤60 minutes. Through logistic regression multivariate analysis, therewas a significant difference (p<0.05) with OR 2.04 (CI95% 1.05-3.93) between two groups. Therefore, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass was an independent risk factor of post open heart surgery SIRS.;Sytemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) is a major complication foundat patient following open heart surgery. One of the risk factors is the duration of thecardiopulmonary bypass. A historical cohort study had been done on 187 postcardiacsurgery patients in RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. The subjects weredivided into 2 separate groups based on the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass(duration >60 minutes and ≤60 minutes). There were 107 (57.2%) patients havingSIRS within 24 hours following the surgery. SIRS was found on 75 (65.8%)patients from group with duration >60 minutes and 32 (43.8%) patients from groupwith duration ≤60 minutes. Through logistic regression multivariate analysis, therewas a significant difference (p<0.05) with OR 2.04 (CI95% 1.05-3.93) between twogroups. Therefore, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass was an independent riskfactor of post open heart surgery SIRS;Sytemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) is a major complication foundat patient following open heart surgery. One of the risk factors is the duration of thecardiopulmonary bypass. A historical cohort study had been done on 187 postcardiacsurgery patients in RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. The subjects weredivided into 2 separate groups based on the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass(duration >60 minutes and ≤60 minutes). There were 107 (57.2%) patients havingSIRS within 24 hours following the surgery. SIRS was found on 75 (65.8%)patients from group with duration >60 minutes and 32 (43.8%) patients from groupwith duration ≤60 minutes. Through logistic regression multivariate analysis, therewas a significant difference (p<0.05) with OR 2.04 (CI95% 1.05-3.93) between twogroups. Therefore, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass was an independent riskfactor of post open heart surgery SIRS, Sytemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) is a major complication foundat patient following open heart surgery. One of the risk factors is the duration of thecardiopulmonary bypass. A historical cohort study had been done on 187 postcardiacsurgery patients in RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. The subjects weredivided into 2 separate groups based on the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass(duration >60 minutes and ≤60 minutes). There were 107 (57.2%) patients havingSIRS within 24 hours following the surgery. SIRS was found on 75 (65.8%)patients from group with duration >60 minutes and 32 (43.8%) patients from groupwith duration ≤60 minutes. Through logistic regression multivariate analysis, therewas a significant difference (p<0.05) with OR 2.04 (CI95% 1.05-3.93) between twogroups. Therefore, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass was an independent riskfactor of post open heart surgery SIRS]"

"Latar Belakang: Low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) adalah salah satu komplikasi berat yang sering terjadi pascabedah jantung terbuka dengan insidens 25-32%. LCOS dapat terjadi akibat proses inflamasi melalui jalur inflamasi dan komplemen setelah pintas jantung-paru (PJP). Diperlukansuatu marker inflamasi yang dapat memprediksi terjadinya LCOS. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pemeriksaan rasio neutrofil-limfosit (neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, NLR) yang merupakan marker inflamasi sederhana dan rutin dilakukan, tetapi penggunaannya sebagai prediktor dalam menentukan LCOS belum banyak dilaporkan.Tujuan: Mengetahui peran NLR prabedah dan 0, 4, dan 8 jam pascabedah sebagai prediktor kejadian LCOS pascabedah jantung terbuka anak dengan penyakit jantung bawaan (PJB). Metode: Penelitian menggunakan uji prognostik dengan desain kohort prospektif, dilaksanakan pada 1 Desember 2020 hingga 30 Juni 2021 di cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) Pelayanan Jantung Terpadu (PJT) RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta.Hasil: Dari 90 subyek didapatkan 25 subyek (27,8%) mengalami LCOS. Nilai NLR prabedah berperan dalam memprediksi kejadian LCOS (AUC 70), dengan cut off ≥0,88 (p=0,027) didapatkan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas 64% dan 64,62% (IK 95%, 57-83). Sedangkan NLR 0 jam pascabedah memiliki nilai prediksi yang baik (AUC 81) terhadap kejadian LCOS, dengan cut off ≥4,73 (p<0,0001) didapatkan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas masing-masing 80% (IK 95%, 69-94). Selanjutnya NLR 4 dan 8 jam pascabedah memiliki nilai prediksi yang sangat baik (AUC 97 dan 98) terhadap kejadian LCOS, dengan cut off berturut-turut adalah ≥6,19 (p<0,0001) dan ≥6,78 (p<0,0001) didapatkan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas berturut-turut adalah 92% dan 96% (IK 95%, 92-100), serta 92% dan 96,92% (IK 95%, 94-100).Kesimpulan: NLR prabedah dan 0, 4, dan 8 jam pascabedah terbukti berperan sebagai prediktor kejadian LCOS pascabedah jantung terbuka anak dengan PJB.......Background: Low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) is a severe complications that often occurs in children after open heart surgery, with an incidence 25-32%. It can occur as a result of inflammatory response involving the inflammatory and complement pathways after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). An inflammatory marker is needed to predict the occurrence of LCOS. In this study, an examination of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) which is a simple and routine marker of inflammation is carried out, but its use as a predictor in determining LCOS has not been widely reported.Objective. We aimed to explore the role of preoperative and 0, 4, and 8 hours postoperative NLR as a predictor of LCOS after open heart surgery in children with congenital heart disease (CHD).Methods: This study used a prognostic test with a prospective cohort design, was done from 1st December 2020 until 30 th June 2021 at cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) Pelayanan Jantung Terpadu (PJT) RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta.Results: From 90 subjects, 27.8% (25 subjects) had LCOS. Preoperative NLR had a fair predictive value (AUC 70) for the incidence of LCOS, with a cut off value ≥0.88 (p=0.027) having a sensitivity and specificity of 64% and 64.62% (CI 95%, 57-83).While the NLR 0 hours post-operative also had a good predictive value (AUC 81) for the incidence of LCOS, with a cut off value ≥4.73 (p<0.0001) having a sensitivity and specificity of 80% (CI 95%, 69-94), respectively. Furthermore, NLR 4 and 8 hours post-operative had a very good predictive value (AUC 97 and 98) for the incidence of LCOS, with cut off value ≥6.19 (p<0.0001) and ≥6.78 (p<0.0001), having a sensitivity and specificity of 92% and 96% (CI 95%, 92-100), as well as 92% and 96.92% (CI 95%, 94-100).Conclusion: Preoperative and 0, 4, and 8 hours postoperative NLR can be a predictor of LCOS after open heart surgery in children with CHD. "