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"TB is still major problem even though number of TB cases had been decline steadily due to discovery and continuing research of TB drugs since 1940 and also increasing of funding and attention to global TB problem. Indonesia is the third country in descending order of TB case numbers. It is considered as the third main cause of death after cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in this country. Several years ago, East Nusa Tenggara province had the highest incidence of sputum smear positive compared with other provinces in Indonesia. TB creates certain burdens in the community, initially in health and nutrition aspect, and then followed by other human aspects including economy and social. It is, therefore, eradicating TB in an effective and efficient way becomes a very emerging issue on TB treatment strategy. Since TB is an immune-related disease, hence, enhancing the immune system might be considered as an important strategy to be considered on TB treatment. Zinc, vitamin A and a new discovered protein, leptin, take a part on that issue. A cross sectional study was conducted with a main objective of investigating the relationship between nutritional and leptin status of new diagnosed pulmonary TB disease with the disease severity in selected districts of East Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia. This research report is divided into three parts. Part 1 includes comprehensive reviews on the background of the study, literature review, problem statement and rationale, objective, hypotheses, conceptual framework and variable indicator matrix. Part 2 wraps up the manuscript for publication, entitled "Micronutrients and Leptin status Are Associated with the Radiological Features Among New Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients." It is written and formatted based on author's guideline of the Journal of Nutrition. Part 3 covers the supporting documents including detailed methodology and other result, author's guideline of the journal, questionnaire, ethical approval, informed consent, official permit letter, references and curriculum vitae. It is expected that the results of this study may contribute to the body of knowledge about the severity of TB that reflects the specific profile of nutritional status (body fat, BMI, MUAC and micronutrient status) and plasma leptin. Furthermore, it will serve as reference data for further investigations, better interventions and treatments on active pulmonary TB patients."

"Pendahuluan: Obesitas dinyatakan sebagai suatu epidemik dan prevalensinya masih meningkat di negara ekonomi berkembang.  Kondisi obesitas dapat mempengaruhi hampir seluruh fungsi fisiologis tubuh dan menyebabkan ancaman signifikan terhadap kesehatan masyarakat.  Penanganan obesitas seringkali sulit dan membutuhkan biaya mahal.  Terapi farmakologi banyak memiliki efek samping.  Akupunktur sebagai salah satu terapi non-farmakologi telah menunjukkan hasil yang menjanjikan dalam terapi obesitas.  Elektroakupunktur dan akupunktur tanam benang merupakan modalitas yang dapat digunakan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis efek terapi elektroakupunktur dengan akupunktur tanam benang PDO terhadap penurunan berat badan, lingkar pinggang, dan kadar leptin plasma pada pasien obesitas yang menjalani intervensi diet.Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah uji klinis acak tersamar tunggal.  Sebanyak 34 subjek dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok elektroakupunktur dengan intervensi diet (EA) dan kelompok akupunktur tanam benang dengan intervensi diet (ATB). Pada kelompok EA, akupunktur dilakukan 3 kali seminggu. Sedangkan pada kelompok ATB, akupunktur dilakukan hanya 1 kali.  Berat badan dan lingkar pinggang diukur sebelum terapi, hari ke-3, 7, 14, 21, dan ke-28.  Sedangkan kadar leptin plasma diukur sebelum terapi dan hari ke-28.Hasil: Terdapat penurunan yang bermakna pada rerata berat badan dan lingkar pinggang pada kedua kelompok sebelum dan setelah terapi (p < 0,001), serta penurunan kadar leptin plasma pada kelompok EA (p = 0,012) dan pada kelompok ATB (p = 0,001).  Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada kedua kelompok baik terhadap selisih penurunan berat badan (p = 0,342), penurunan lingkar pinggang (p = 0,826), dan penurunan kadar leptin plasma (p = 0,784).Kesimpulan: Elektroakupunktur dan akupunktur tanam benang PDO yang disertai intervensi diet memiliki efektivitas yang sama baiknya terhadap penurunan berat badan, lingkar pinggang, dan kadar leptin plasma pada pasien obesitas.  Akupunktur tanam benang memiliki efisiensi waktu dibandingkan dengan elektroakupunktur karena hanya dilakukan satu kali.

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Introduction: Obesity is declared as an epidemic and its prevalence is still increasing in developing countries.  Obesity can affect almost all physiological functions of the body and create a significant threat to public health.  Treatment of obesity is often difficult and expensive.  Pharmacological therapy has many side effects.  Acupuncture as a non-pharmacological therapy has shown promising results in the treatment of obesity.  Electroacupuncture and thread embedding acupuncture are modalities that can be used.  The aim of this study was to analyze therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture  with PDO thread embedding acupuncture on weight loss, waist circumference, and plasma leptin levels in obese patients with dietary intervention.

Methods: This study design was a single blind randomized clinical trial. A total of 34 subjects were divided into 2 groups: electroacupuncture with dietary intervention group (EA) and thread embedding acupuncture with dietary intervention group (TEA).  In EA group, acupuncture was performed 3 times a week.  While in TEA group, acupuncture was performed only once.  Body weight and waist circumference were measured before treatment, on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days. Meanwhile, plasma leptin levels were measured before treatment and on the 28th day.

Results: There was a significant decrease in body weight and waist circumference in both groups before and after treatment (p < 0.001), and also a significant decrease in plasma leptin level in EA group (p = 0,012) and TEA group (p = 0,001).  There was no significant difference between the two groups in term of weight loss (p = 0.342), waist circumference (p = 0.826), and plasma leptin levels (p = 0,784).

Conclusion: Electroacupuncture and PDO thread embedding acupuncture with dietary intervention have the same effectiveness in reducing body weight, waist circumference, and plasma leptin levels in obese patients.  However, thread embedding acupuncture has better time efficiency than electroacupuncture."