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Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Asam lemak tak jenuh rantai panjang diakui sebagai zat gizi kunci dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan mental. Plasma darah dianggap sebagai biomarker yang baik untuk mengkonfirmasi asam lemak yang diasup. Namun, factor individu sangant mepengaruhi hubungan antar keduanya, khususnya polimorfisme gen. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran polimorfisme gen FADS dalam hubungan antar asupan makan dan kadarnya dalam plasma. 115 anak berusia 12-16 bulan dihitung asupan makannya dengan Semi Quantitative-Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) dan diidentifikasi genotypenya.kadar asam lemak dalam plasma dianalisa dengan metode gas chromatography. Hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa asupan asam lemak rantai panjang tidak adekuat (EPA=22%, DHA=25%, N-6-LC PUFA=58%, and N-3-LC PUFA=37%). Dengan asupan yang sebanding, anak yang memiliki allele A cenderung memiliki plasma yang lebih tinggi dari anak yang tidak memiliki allele A (p<0.05 untuk total LC PUFAs dan N6-LC PUFA). Allele A menunjukkan adanya kemungkinan metabolism asam lemak yang efisien.

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ABSTRAK
Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (LC PUFAs) are known as key nutrient for brain development and cognitive function which intermediated by plasma level. Plasma level in blood was mentioned as a good biomarker of related dietary fatty acids intake. However, role of individual factors particularly gene polymorphism also plays role on their relationship. This study was aimed to assess LC PUFAs intake, its plasma level, and the moderation effect of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in FADS gene on their relationship. A total of 115 children aged 12-16 month were assessed their usual intake using Semi Quantitative-Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) and were genotyped for rs174468 (G>A). Plasma LC PUFAs were measured by gas chromatography. The result of usual intake of LC PUFAs were lower than recommendation (EPA=22%, DHA=25%, N-6-LC PUFA=58%, and N-3-LC PUFA=37%). Despite comparable intake of LC PUFAs, children who have allele A have much higher plasma level (p<0.05 for total LC PUFAs and N6-LC PUFA). Allele A on this SNP might be related to a good response for dietary intake or efficient metabolism of LCPUFAs

Abstrak :
Marine microalgae are among the flora that inhibits the mangrove area. They play an important role as the primary source of organic carbon in marine food web. However, very limited study on the mangrove-isolated microalgae, especially on the fatty acids. The objective of the current study was to determine the fatty acid composition in mangrove-isolated Chlorella strains. Seven mangrove-isolated Chlorella strains were cultured in F and F/2 media. Their growth and fatty acid composition were measured after the stationary growth phase. Results showed the growth varied among the strains. the cell density, cell biomass and fatty acid composition were influenced by the medium-strength. polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were detected in only four strains, the KS-MA1, KS- MA2, KS-MB2 and SE-MB1. the highest amount of PUFAs was obtained in the KS-MA2 (40.9 ± 0.8 % dry wt. in the F/2 medium and 35.4 ± 6.7 % dry wt. in the F medium) and in the KS-MB2 (37.6 ± 3.4 % dry wt. in the F/2 medium and 34.4 ± 4.8 % dry wt. in the F medium). the growth and productivity of Chlorella species were strains-dependent and regulated by the medium strength. thus, the production of fatty acids of interest from Chlorella might be manipulated by optimizing the culture conditions.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Edukasi nutrisi dalam bentuk konseling merupakan bagian penting dalam manajemen obesitas anak. Asam Lemak Omega-3 (AL omega-3) merupakan salah satu nutrien esensial yang bermanfaat dalam penanganan obesitas terkait dengan kerjanya yang meningkatkan oksidasi lemak, menurunkan proses adipogenesis, dan memodulasi rasa lapar-kenyang. Sampai saat ini beluan ada rekomendasi nutrisi yang mengikutsertakan optimalisasi AL omega-3 dalam diet pada anak dengan berat badan berlebih dan obesitas. Linear programming merupakan metode untuk membuat rekomendasi makanan yang mempertimbangkan pula ketersediaan makanan, pola makan, dan juga harga makanan dalam proses pembuatannya. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh konseling diet optimalisasi AL omega-3 menggunakan linear programming terhadap kadar asam lemak omega-3 plasma dibandingkan dengan konseling standar. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 39 anak berisiko overweight, overweight, dan obes usia 12-24 bulan di Jakarta Timur dengan disain uji klinis acak terkontrol. Hasil: Konseling diet optimalisasi asam lemak omega-3 menyebabkan peningkatan asupan asam linolenat yang bermakna dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (278,011  435,56 vs -44,498  407,785, p=0,035). Tidak terdapat perbedaan perubahan bermakna pada kadar AL omega-3 plasma di antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol. Kesimpulan: Konseling diet optimalisasi asam lemak omega-3 menggunakan linear programming tidak menimbulkan perubahan bermakna pada kadar asam lemak omega-3 plasma, meskipun berhasil meningkatkan variasi bahan makanan sumber asam lemak omega-3.

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Background: Education in the form of counseling is an indespensable part of pediatric obesity management. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are beneficial essential nutrients in obesity management, given their effects on lipid homeostasis, specifically by increasing lipid catabolism, decreasing adipogenesis, and modulating appetite. Until now, there is no nutritional recommendation focusing on omega-3 PUFA for overweight and obese children. Linear programming is one method to generate specific nutritional recommendation that also considering the food affordability, availability, and food consumption pattern. Objective: To investigate the differences of plasma omega-3 PUFA changes between group that received omega-3 PUFA optimized using linear programming dietary counseling and control group with standard counseling. Method: This study is an open clinical trial with parallel design, 39 children aged 12-24 months with BMI Z score > +1 based on WHO growth curve were randomly assigned by block randomization with stratification into enhanced counseling with omega-3 optimization using linear programming or general counseling group. Both counseling were conducted once weekly for 10 weeks. At baseline and endline, the following parameters were measured: fat intake, omega-3 intake, ratio of omega-6/omega-3 intake, eating behaviour, plasma concentration of omega-3, and plasma omega-6/omega-3 ratio. Results: After the intervention, α-linolenic acid intake was significantly increased compared to control group (278,011  435,56 vs. -44,498  407,785, p=0,035). There were no significant differences in changes of plasma omega-3 FA between the intervention and control group. Conclusion: Omega-3 FA optimized dietary counseling using linear programming was partially successful in improving thee variation of omega-3 FA food sources, however there were no significant changes in plasma omega-3 FA.

Abstrak :
Ruang Lingkup dan Cara Penelitian : Survai Kesehatan Rumah Tangga 1992, menunjukkan angka kematian penyakit kardiovaskular di Indonesia telah menduduki urutan pertama. Platelet mempunyai peranan dalam terbentuknya aterosklerosis yang merupakan penyebab terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskular. Asupan asam lemak tak jenuh w-3 dalam makanan sehari-hari dapat mempengaruhi fungsi platelet yang meliputi menurunkan agregasi platelet dan pembentukan Tromboksan A2 (TXA2). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai pengaruh suplementasi asam lemak tak jenuh w-3 terhadap agregasi platelet dan TXA2 pada orang sehat. Penelitian dilakukan tehadap 11 orang laki-laki sehat, berusia 30-55 tahun dan tidak merokok. Penelitian dilakukan dalam 3 periode yaitu periode pengamatan, periode suplementasi dan periode setelah suplementasi dengan masing-masing periode 21 hari lamanya. Dalam periode suplementasi, setiap subjek penelitian tiap hari mendapat 6 kapsul w-3 yang setara dengan 6 gram asam lemak tak jenuh w-3 dan mengandung 1080 mg EPA dan 720 mg DHA. Pada setiap awal periode dan pada akhir penelitian dilakukan pemeriksaan agregasi platelet dan TX A2. Pada saat yang lama juga dilakukan analisis asupan makanan. Hasil dan Kesimpulan : Nilai rata-rata agregasi platelet pada awal periode pengamatan, awal periode suplementasi, hari pertama dan hari ke 22 periode setelah suplementasi berturut-turut adalah 57,10 ± 7,91; 56,62 ± 10,15; 49,97 ± 10,24 dan 61,12 ± 7,8. Hasil uji t berpasangan terhadap agregasi platelet pada awal periode suplementasi dengan awal periode pengamatan menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna (p>0,05). Hasil uji t berpasangan terhadap agregasi platelet pada hari pertama periode setelah suplementasi dengan awal periode suplementasi dan pada hari ke 22 dengan hari pertama periode setelah suplementasi ternyata terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p<0,05). Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa asam lemak tak jenuh w-3 dapat menurunkan agregasi platelet pada orang sehat. Data kadar TXA2 dalam penelitian ini tidak dapat diperoleh dengan lengkap pada ke tiga periode. Hanya tiga data kadar TXA yang lengkap diperoleh dari ke tiga periode tersebut oleh karena itu, tidak dapat dilakukan analisis statistik terhadap kadar TXA2. Dengan demikian pengaruh asam lemak tak jenuh terhadap pembentukan TXA2 dalam penelitian ini belum dapat disimpulkan.

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Scope and Method of Study : Household survey 1992, showed mortality rate of cardiovascular disease in Indonesia has become the highest. Platelets have a role in atherosclerosis formation leading to cardiovascular disease. Dietary intake of w-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can influence platelet function including the decrease of platelet aggregation and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) formation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of w-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation on platelet aggregation and TXA2 in healthy men. The subjects were 11 healthy men, 30 - 55 years of age and non smokers. The study conducted in three periods ; the run in period, the supplementation period and the post supplementation period, which each of lasted 21 days. During the supplementation period, each subject was administered 6 omega-3 capsules which equal 6 grams of w-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and containing 1080 mg EPA and 720 mg DHA. Platelet aggregation and TXA2 measurement were conducted at the beginning of each period and the end of the study. At the corresponding points of time dietary intake analysis were also carried out. Findings and Conclusions : The mean value of platelet aggregation at the beginning of the run in period, the beginning of supplementation period, the first and the twenty second day of the post supplementation period were 57,10 ± 7,91; 56,62 ± 10,15; 49,97 ± 10,24 and 61,12 ± 7,82, respectively. T test dependent statistical analysis on platelet aggregation in the beginning of supplementation period against at the beginning of the run in period showed no significant change (p>0,05). T test dependent statistical analysis on platelet. aggregation at the first day of post supplementation period against at the beginning of supplementation period also at the twenty second day against the first day of the post supplementation period showed that there were significant change (p<0,05). It can be concluded that in healthy men supplementation of w-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased platelet aggregation. Data of TXA2 levels in this study could not be completely obtained from all the three periods. Since only three datas of TXA2 could be obtained completely, no statistical analysis could be made. The effect of supplementation of w-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on TXA2 formation in this study is still inconclusive.