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"Study of loading rate effect on behavior of clay under one-way undrained cyclic loading was conducted by using triaxial automated system apparatus under stress controlled and undrained condition. The rests were carried out on Depok clay samples which compacted rising Standard Proctor at loading rate of 0, 05 and 0,5 %/min. and with a confining pressure (o3) of 50 kPa on sample. The samples were saturated until the coefficient B higher than 0.97. The test results indicated that the larger of delta-strain occured or higher loading rate."

"Konsolidasi memegang andil yang cukup besar dalam analisa penurunan yang terjadi. Berdasarkan teori Terzaghi (1943) tanah dikondisikan jenuh dalam tes konsolidasi yang dilakukan di laboratorium, kenyataan di lapangan tanah tersebut tidak berada dalam keadaan demikian. Sayangnya untuk pengujian tanah tidak jenuh dibutuhkan peralatan yang lebih kompleks karena diperlukan peralatan tambahan yang dapat mengukur tekanan udara pori yang terjadi selama proses konsolidasi. Dengan alat Sel Rowe yang mempunyai kemampuan untuk mencatat tekanan air pori yang terjadi selama proses konsolidasi berlangsung, disimulasikan empat tingkat kejenuhan yang berbeda, tingkat kejenuhan ini ditunjukkan oleh nilai B yang merupakan rasio perbandingan perubahan tekanan air pori dan perubahan tekanan sel yang diberikan, yaitu 1; 0,8; 0,6; 0,5. Analisa-analisa yang dilakukan merujuk kepada perubahan-perubahan tekanan air pori yang terjadi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin rendah tingkat kejenuhan tanah lempung (BB).

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Consolidation has a big role in the settlement analysis that will occur. Based on the Terzaghi theory (1943) soil sample is made in saturated condition in the laboratory test of consolidation, but the existing condition shows that the soil is not in that expected condition. Unfortunately, for testing the unsaturated soil sample needs more complex equipment because a tool to measure the pore air pressure along the consolidation process should be added on. By using the Rowe Cell that has ability to record the pore water pressure that happens along the consolidation process, four different degree of saturation are simulated. These degree of saturation are showed by B value that a comparison ratio between the pore water pressure change and the given cell pressure change, that are 1, 0.8, 0.6, 0.5. The analyses of this thesis due to the pore water changes that happen. The results show that the lower the degree of saturation of clay (BBv, value become bigger, while the Cc value is smaller."

"Fenomena likuefaksi terjadi ketika endapan tanah berubah menjadi fluida karena kehilangan kemampuannya. Perubahan tersebut dipengaruhi oleh tegangan air pori yang tidak dapat terdisipasi dengan cepat sehingga air pori yang berada di bawah akan tertahan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh variasi permeabilitas pada dua model kolom tanah berbeda setebal 2 meter. Pengaruh permeabilitas tersebut diamati dari respons tekanan air pori, regangan geser serta perpindahan lateral. Representasi tanah pasir menggunakan model PM4Sand dan dianalisis menggunakan software OpenSees. Metode analisis tegangan efektif digunakan untuk melihat fenomena likuefaksi berdasarkan hasil keluaran OpenSees. Kenaikan tekanan air pori yang mengindikasikan likuefaksi terinduksi pada beberapa kedalaman tanah. Ditemukan bahwa pada kedalaman peralihan dengan permeabilitas yang relatif rendah lebih rentan terhadap risiko terjadinya likuefaksi. Selain itu, ditemukan juga bahwa durasi disipasi air pori meningkat seiring dengan rendahnya nilai permeabilitas. Jumlah pembebanan siklik yang diberikan memberi pengaruh pada respons tanah. Model kolom tanah yang dikenai pembebanan siklik lebih banyak akan menunjukkan respons meningkatnya regangan geser dan perpindahan latera

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The phenomenon of liquefaction occurs when the soil turns into a fluid because it loses its capacity. These changes are influenced by the pore water tension which cannot be dissipated quickly so that the pore water at the bottom will stop. This research was conducted to see the effect of permeability variations on two different soil column models with a thickness of 2 meters. The effect of the permeability was observed from the response of pore water pressure, shear strain and lateral displacement. Representation of sandy soil using PM4Sand model and analyzed using OpenSees software. The effective stress analysis method is used to see the liquefaction phenomenon based on the output of OpenSees. The increase in pore water pressure indicates induced liquefaction at some soil depths. It was found that the transition depths with relatively low permeability were more susceptible to the risk of liquefaction. In addition, it was also found that the duration of pore water dissipation increased with lower permeability values. The amount of cyclic loading applied has an effect on the response of the soil. Soil column models that are subjected to more cyclic loading will show an increasing response to shear strain and lateral displacement."