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"Pada 2019, mengikuti estimasi yang dikembangkan oleh Modi et. Al. (2005), 4,47% dan 14,07% rumah tangga di perkotaan dan pedesaan, masing-masing, masih berada dalam status miskin energi di seluruh wilayah di Indonesia. Untuk mengungkap faktor-faktor apa saja yang berkorelasi dengan kejadian kemiskinan energi di Indonesia, studi ini menganalisis determinan kemiskinan energi tingkat rumah tangga di Indonesia dengan memanfaatkan data sosial ekonomi tingkat rumah tangga (Susenas) tahun 2015 hingga 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan berbagai pendekatan untuk mengukur kemiskinan energi untuk mengumpulkan perspektif yang lebih kaya tentang kejadian kemiskinan energi di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan regresi logistik dengan efek tetap yang besar, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa hubungan antara kejadian kemiskinan energi dengan variabel sosial ekonomi dan demografi rumah tangga, serta harga energi modern dan alternatif, bervariasi di berbagai pengukuran dan estimasi perkotaan-pedesaan.......In 2019, following the estimation developed by Modi et. al. (2005), 4.47% and 14.07% of households in urban and rural areas, respectively, were still enduring energy-poor status across regions in Indonesia. To unpack what factors that correlate with the incidence of energy poverty in Indonesia, this study analyzes the determinants of household-level energy poverty in Indonesia by utilizing Indonesia’s household-level socioeconomic data (SUSENAS) in 2015 until 2019. This study uses multiple approaches to measure energy poverty in order to collect a richer perspective regarding the incidence of energy poverty in Indonesia. By using logistic regression with large fixed effects, this study discovers that the association between the incidence of energy poverty with household’s socio-economic and demographic variables, as well as modern and alternative energy prices, vary across different measurements and urban-rural estimations."

"These lectures aim to help readers understand the logics and nature of the main indicators of inequality and poverty, with special attention to their social welfare underpinnings. The key approach consists in linking inequality and poverty measurement with welfare evaluation. As concern for inequality and poverty stems from ethical considerations, the measurement of those aspects necessarily involves some value judgments. Those value judgments can be linked, directly or indirectly, to welfare assessments on the distribution of personal and social opportunities. Inequality and poverty are thus considered to be partial aspects of the welfare evaluation of the opportunities in a given society. The volume includes two applications that illustrate how the models can be implemented. They refer to inequality of opportunity and poverty in education, using PISA data."