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Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Ventilasi mekanik merupakan salah satu prosedur yang sering digunakan dalam penatalaksanaan pasien sakit kritis yang mengalami gagal napas. Penggunaan ventilator jangka panjang (Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation, PMV) meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas. Salah satu faktor risiko yang berperan dalam terjadinya PMV adalah malnutrisi dan sarkopenia, yang ditandai dengan hilangnya massa dan fungsi otot. Di satu sisi, sakit kritis sendiri ditandai dengan hipermetabolisme dan peningkatan katabolisme protein otot itu sendiri. Pemantauan massa otot di perawatan intensif menjadi penting, namun belum ada metode pengukuran yang cukup praktis dalam menggambarkan massa otot tubuh. Creatinine Height Index dapat menjadi salah satu penanda massa otot tubuh sehingga diperkirakan terdapat perbedaan perubahan Creatinine Height Index terhadap keberhasilan penyapihan pada pasien dengan penggunaan ventilator jangka panjang. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi prospektif observasional pada pasien sakit dengan PMV di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dan RS Universitas Indonesia. Dilakukan pengukuran Creatinine Height Index (CHI) pada 72 jam pertama pemakaian intubasi dan diulang pada saat pasien ekstubasi atau maksimal hari ke-14 penggunaan ventilator. Hasil Creatinine Height Index akan dilihat berdasarkan keberhasilan penyapihan. Karakteristik subjek lainnya meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, riwayat asupan bahan makanan sumber kreatin, aktivitas fisik pra admisi, imbang cairan kumulatif, asupan energi dan protein selama perawatan di ICU. Hasil: Terdapat 27 subjek dengan rerata usia 46 tahun dan mayoritas laki-laki (67%). Nilai CHI awal dan akhir tidak berbeda pada kelompok yang berhasil maupun yang gagal menyapih (p = 0,466 dan p = 0,494), namun nilai perubahan CHI berbeda bermakna secara statistik pada mereka yang mengalami berhasil menyapih dan gagal menyapih (p= 0,009). Kelompok yang gagal menyapih mengalami penurunan nilai CHI sebesar 3,9 (-18,3;23,7)%. Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada nilai CHI awal maupun akhir pada kelompok yang berhasil dan gagal menyapih. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna secara statistik pada perubahan nilai CHI pada kelompok yang berhasil dan gagal menyapih. Kelompok yang gagal menyapih mengalami penurunan nilai CHI, sementara kelompok yang berhasil menyapih tidak mengalami hal tersebut ......Background: Mechanical ventilation is one of the procedures that frequently used in the management of critically ill patients experiencing respiratory failure. Prolonged mechanical ventilation increases morbidity and mortality. One of the risk factors contributing to prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) is malnutrition and sarcopenia, characterized by loss of muscle mass and its function. On one hand, critical illness itself is marked by hypermetabolism and increased muscle protein catabolism. Monitoring muscle mass in intensive care is essential, but there is currently no practical method for describing whole-body muscle mass. Creatinine Height Index could serve as an indicator of body muscle mass, suggesting potential differences between Creatinine Height Index level changes and successful weaning in patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation. Methods: This study is a prospective observational study conducted on critically ill patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) at RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo and RS Universitas Indonesia. Creatinine Height Index (CHI) was measured within the first 72 hours of intubation and repeated upon extubation or by day 14 of ventilation. CHI results were then categorized based on weaning success. Other subject characteristics included age, gender, history of dietary creatine intake, pre-admission physical activity, cumulative fluid balance, energy intake, and protein intake during ICU hospitalization. Results: There were 27 subjects with a mean age of 46 years, predominantly male (67%). Initial and final CHI values did not differ between the successful and failed weaning groups (p = 0.466 and p = 0.494, respectively), but there was a statistically significant difference in the change in CHI values between those who successfully weaned and those failed (p = 0.009). The failed weaning group experienced a decrease in CHI values by 3.9 (-18.3; 23.7)%. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in initial or final CHI values between the groups that successfully weaned and those who failed. However, there was a statistically significant difference in the CHI values alteration between those groups. The failed weaning group experienced a decrease in CHI values, while the successful weaning group did not.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang : Penggunaan ventilator berkepanjangan pasien pascabedah pintas koroner dapat meningkatkan risiko morbiditas, mortalitas dan biaya perawatan pascabedah. Skor Spivack yang meliputi riwayat diabetes, unstable angina, gagal jantung kronik, merokok dan fraksi ejeksi merupakan skor sederhana untuk memprediksi penggunaan ventilator berkepanjangan pasien pascabedah pintas koroner. Tujuan : Menilai performa kalibrasi dan diskriminasi skor Spivack dalam memprediksi penggunaan ventilator berkepanjangan pasien pascabedah jantung di RSCM. Metode : Sebanyak 317 subjek diikuti secara retrospektif untuk dinilai skor Spivack dan diikuti selama 2 hari untuk dilihat penggunaan ventilator berkepanjangan. Performa kalibrasi dan diskriminasi dinilai dengan uji Hosmer-Lemeshow dan area under the curve AUC dengan Spesifitas, sensitifitas, NPV dan PPV. Hasil Penelitian : Penggunaan ventilator berkepanjangan terdapat sebanyak 51 subjek 16,1 . Performa kalibrasi skor Spivack dengan uji Hosmer-Lemeshow menunjukkan p=0,695 dan plot kalibrasi menunjukkan koefisien korelasi r= 0,792. Performa diskriminasi skor Spivack ditunjukkan dengan nilai AUC sebesar 0,646 IK95 0,564; 0,728 dengan spesifitas 42, sensitifitas 74, NPV 0,90 dan PPV 0,20. Simpulan : Skor Spivack memiliki kalibrasi yang baik dan diskriminasi yang lemah dalam memprediksi penggunaan ventilator berkepanjangan pasien bedah jantung pintas koroner. ...... Background : PMV after CABG surgery increases the risk of morbidity, mortality and hospital cost. Spivack score that includes history of diabetes, unstable angina, smoking, congestive heart failure and ejection fraction is a simple score to predict PMV following CABG surgery. Objective : To assess the performance of calibration and discrimination of Spivack score in predicting PMV following CABG surgery in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Methods : A total of 317 patients undergoing CABG surgery were reviewd retrospectively and evaluated for Spivack score. The subjects were followed up for up to 2 days postoperatively to predict PMV. Calibration properties were assessed by Hosmer Lemeshow test and Discrimination properties were assessed by the area under the curve AUC with sensitivity, specifity, positive predictive value PPV, and negative predictive value NPV. Results : PMV following CABG surgery was observed in 51 subjects 16,1. Hosmer Lemeshow test of Spivack score showed p 0.695 and calibration plot showed r 0.792. Discrimination of Spivack score was shown by the AUC value of 0.646 95 CI 0.564 0.728. The sensitivity, specifity, positive predictive value PPV, and negative predictive value NPV are 74, 42, 0.20, and 0.90 respectively. Conclusion : Spivack score has been shown to have a good callibration but weak discrimination in predicting PMV following CABG surgery.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) adalah salah satu masalah yang dihadapi dalam manajemen pasien kritis karena dihubungkan dengan ventilasi mekanik berkepanjangan sehingga meningkatkan risiko komplikasi dan mortalitas selama di ICU. Mobilisasi dini seperti neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) dilaporkan bermanfaat mengurangi durasi penggunaan ventilator di ICU. Telaah sistematik dan meta-analisis ini dibuat untuk menyimpulkan dampak dari NMES terhadap durasi penggunaan ventilator di ICU. Tujuan: Mengetahui dampak spesifik penggunaan NMES terhadap durasi penggunaan ventilator pada pasien ICU. Metode: Studi eligibel hingga Januari 2022 terinklusi dalam studi. Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui database jurnal berbasis elektronik yaitu Cochrane, EBSCOHost, Scopus, dan Pubmed dengan kata kunci spesifik dan operator boolean. Studi terinklusi dievaluasi untuk risiko bias dengan Cochrane RoB 2 dan estimasi besar efek dilakukan dengan fixed effect model menggunakan perangkat lunak Review Manager 5.4. Hasil: Pencarian literatur menghasilkan 9 studi yang terinklusi dalam meta-analisis. Dari penggabungan data, disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan NMES berhubungan dengan penurunan durasi penggunaan ventilator (MD -1.48; 95% CI: -2,54 – -0,41, p = 0,007, I 2 =30%, fixed-effect modelling). Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pemberian NMES dapat menurunkan durasi penggunaan ventilator di ICU. ......Background: Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness (ICU-AW) is one of the problems faced in critical medicine management, associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) thereby increasing risk and mortality while in the ICU. Early mobilization such as neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been reported to be beneficial in reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation in the ICU. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to conclude the impact of NMES on the duration of mechanical ventilation in the ICU. Objective: To determine the impact of the use of NMES on duration of mechanical ventilation in ICU patients. Methods: Eligible studies up to January 2022 were included in the study. The literature search was carried out through electronic-based journal databases, namely Cochrane, EBSCOHost, Scopus, and Pubmed with specific keywords and boolean operators. The included studies were evaluated for risk of bias with Cochrane RoB 2 and estimation of effect size was performed using a fixed effect modelling using Review Manager 5.4 software. Results: The literature search yielded 9 studies that were included in the meta- analysis. From the pooled data, it was concluded that NMES administration was associated with a decrease in the duration of mechanical ventilation (MD -1.48; 95% CI: -2.54 – -0.41, p = 0.007, I2 = 30%, fixed-effect modeling). Conclusion: This study concluded that the administration of NMES reduces the duration of ventilator use in the ICU.