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"Latar Belakang : Polusi udara berperan terhadap kesakitan dan kematian akibat gangguan saluran pernafasan. Iritasi saluran pernafasan diduga sebagai salah satu mekanisme efek pencemaran udara pada kesehatan.Tujuan : Tujuan utama dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis efek pajanan debu mangan dalam udara ambient terhadap kejadian iritasi saluran pernafasan pada anak-anak berusia 6 sampai 12 tahun.Metode : Studi kohort prospektif selama 2 bulan. 106 anak terpilih secara acak menjadi sampel dalam studi ini. Penelitian dilaksanakan di 2 desa berbeda yaitu Satar Punda (terpajan) dan Wangkung (tidak terpajan), Nusa Tenggara Timur. Peneliti mengukur konsentrasi debu mangan dalam udara ambient di kedua wilayah. Peneliti juga melakukan follow up kepada seluruh sampel 1 kali setiap minggu selama 2 bulan untuk mengetahui kejadian iritasi saluran pernafasan. Setelah itu dibentuk model regresi logistik dengan memasukkan variabel debu pencemar udara lain (kadmium, timbal, besi, dan TSP), faktor individual, dan rumah sehat untuk mengetahui faktor yang paling mempengaruhi iritasi saluran pernafasan pada anak-anak.Hasil : Hasil studi menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik antara konsentrasi debu mangan dalam udara ambient dengan iritasi saluran pernafasan pada anak-anak dengan nilai RR = 4,18 (95% CI : 2,45-7,15). Faktor lain yang mempengaruhi iritasi saluran pernafasan pada anak-anak adalah konsentrasi kadmium dalam udara ambient dengan nilai RR = 3,21 (95% CI : 1,83-5,63), jenis lantai terluas dalam rumah dengan nilai RR = 1,49 (95% CI: 1,04-2,13), jenis pencahayaan dalam rumah dengan nilai RR = 0,31 (95% CI: 0,09-1,11), berat badan dengan nilai RR = 1,99 (95% CI: 1,09-3,64), dan status sosial ekonomi keluarga dengan nilai RR = 1,97 (95% CI: 1,28-3,03). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan konsentrasi mangan adalah variabel yang paling mempengaruhi iritasi saluran pernafasan (p=0,000/RR=6,0) setelah dikontrol oleh 5 variabel lain yang turut mempengaruhi kejadian iritasi saluran pernafasan pada anak-anak.Kesimpulan : Pajanan pencemaran udara mangan berhubungan dengan kejadian iritasi saluran pernafasan pada anak-anak.Background : Air pollution is known contribute to respiratory morbidity and mortality. Respiratory tract irritation has been suggested as one of mechanism of these effects on health.

Objective : The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of exposure manganese particulate in ambient on respiratory tract irritation in 6 to 12 years old children. Method : 2 months prospective cohort study. 106 children have been selected randomly to be sample in this study.

This study was conducted in 2 different village, Satar Punda (exposed area) and Wangkung (unexposed area), East Nusa Tenggara. Researcher measured ambient manganese concentration in two regions. Researcher also conducted follow-up to the entire sample once a week for 2 months to determine the incidence of respiratory tract irritation. After that logistic regression model was formed by inserting the other air pollution variables (cadmium, lead, iron, and TSP), individual variables, and health housing variables to find out the factor that most influence childhood respiratory tract irritation.

Result : The result showed statistically significant relationship between manganese ambient concentration and childhood respiratory tract irritation with RR = 4,18 (95% CI : 2,45-7,15). Another factors that influenced childhood respiratory tract irritation were cadmium concentration in ambient air with RR = 3,21 (95% CI : 1,83-5,63), the largest type of flooring in home with RR = 1,49 (95% CI: 1,04-2,13), type of lightning in home with RR = 0,31 (95% CI: 0,09-1,11), weight with RR = 1,99 (95% CI: 1,09-3,64), and family socioeconomic status with RR = 1,97 (95% CI: 1,28-3,03). Multivariate analysis showed that ambient manganese concentration was the most influenced variable for respiratory tract irritation (p=0,000/RR=6,0) after controlled by five other variables that also influenced the incidence of respiratory tract irritation in children.

Conclusion : Exposure to manganese air pollution was associated with childhood respiratory tract irritation"

"The purpose of this study was to describe the incidence, severity, mechanism, andintrinsic risk factors for knee injuries in Japanese collegiate rugby union players. Initially,119 rugby union players from one university club were registered in this prospective cohortstudy. The occurrence of knee injuries was recorded by a team doctor and athletic trainers dur-ing the 2009-2012 playing seasons. The number of knee injuries recorded during these four seasons was 64. The incidence of knee injuries was significantly higher during matches 10.5 injuries/1000 player hours [ph]) than that during training 0.3 injuries/1000 ph). The most common match injury was the medial collateral ligament injury (4.4 injuries/1000 ph). The greatest severity and burden were observed for anterior cruciate ligament injuries (severity: 182.5 days, burden: 310.3 days/1000 ph). A majority of knee injuries were sustained during ruck/maul (26.6%) and step/cutting (20.3%). In addition, a history of injury (odds ratio [OR]: 3.3, 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 1.3-8.4, p = 0.01) and rugby experience (<10 years, OR: 2.4, 95% Cl: 1.1-5.7, p = 0.03) were considered as intrinsic risk factors for knee injuries. Although the total incidence of knee injuries in collegiate rugby union players was similar to that at a professional level, knee ligament injuries had a higher incidence and severity among college players. Injuries frequently occurred in ruck/maul for forward (FW) players and in step/cutting and being tackled position for back (BK) players. In this game, the risk of knee injury is high, and it varies for each field position, so preventive measures according to field position characteristics are necessary."

"Latar Belakang: Peningkatan konsumsi oksigen selama tindakan bedah risiko tinggi dapat menyebabkan gangguan oksigenasi organ vital, sehingga tubuh akan mengambil kompensasi, misalnya melalui vasokonstriksi splanknik. Saluran cerna akan rentan terhadap kerusakan yang akan mengakibatkan disfungsi gastrointestinal. Lama perawatan ICU dan penggunaan ventilasi mekanik lebih panjang pada pasien-pasien yang mengalami disfungsi gastrointestinal. Oleh karena itu pada pasien yang berisiko perlu mendapat perhatian dan tatalaksana lebih awal.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah kohort prospektif yang dilakukan di RSCM selama bulan Februari sampai Juni 2023 yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran kadar I-FABP plasma, skor SOFA, balans cairan, dan dosis vasopresor dalam memprediksi terjadinya disfungsi gastrointestinal pada pasien pascabedah risiko tinggi yang dirawat di ICU. Sebanyak 66 subyek diambil dengan metode consecutive sampling. Pengambilan data skor SOFA, balans cairan dan dosis vasopresor dilakukan pada saat pasien admisi di ICU, sedangkan kadar I-FABP diukur pada saat admisi dan 24 jam kemudian. Analisis data dilakukan dengan SPSS.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar I-FABP hari ke-0 (p=0,001) dan hari ke-1 (p=0,001), serta skor SOFA (p=0,03) pada subjek yang mengalami disfungsi gastrointestinal dengan yang tidak mengalami disfungsi gastrointestinal. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada balans cairan dan rerata dosis vasopresor pada subjek yang mengalami disfungsi gastrointestinal dengan yang tidak mengalami disfungsi gastrointestinal. Kadar I-FABP plasma, dengan titik potong ≥2.890,27 pg/ml pada hari ke-0 dan ≥1.501,2 pg/ml pada hari ke-1 dapat menjadi prediktor disfungsi gastrointestinal pada pasien pascabedah risiko tinggi yang dirawat di ICU.Simpulan: Kadar I-FABP plasma dapat memprediksi kejadian disfungsi gastro- intestinal pada pasien pascabedah risiko tinggi yang dirawat di ICU.

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Background: Increased oxygen demand during high-risk surgery can lead to impaired oxygenation of vital organs so that the body will compensate, for example, through splanchnic vasoconstriction. The gastrointestinal tract will be prone to injury, resulting in gastrointestinal dysfunction. ICU length of stay and use of mechanical ventilation are longer in patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction. Therefore, patients who are at risk need to receive early consideration and management.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study conducted at RSCM from February to June 2023, which aims to determine the role of plasma I-FABP levels, SOFA scores, fluid balance, and vasopressor doses in predicting the incidence of postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction in high-risk surgery patients admitted to the ICU. A total of 66 subjects were taken by consecutive sampling method. SOFA score data, fluid balance, and vasopressor doses were collected at admission to the ICU, while I-FABP levels were measured at admission and 24 hours later. Data analysis was performed with SPSS.

Results: There was a significant difference in I-FABP levels on day 0 (p=0.001) and day 1 (p=0.001) and the SOFA score (p=0.03) in subjects with gastrointestinal dysfunction and those without gastrointestinal dysfunction. There were no significant differences in fluid balance and the average dose of vasopressors in subjects with gastrointestinal dysfunction and those without gastrointestinal dysfunction. Plasma I- FABP levels, with cut points of ≥2,890.27 pg/ml on day 0 and ≥1,501.2 pg/ml on day 1, can be a predictor of postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction in high-risk surgery patients admitted to the ICU.

Conclusions: Plasma I-FABP levels can predict the incidence of postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction in high-risk surgery patients admitted to the ICU."