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"ABSTRAKPenyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) telah menjadi penyakit epidemik global dan prevalensinya di Indonesia terus meningkat. Hemodialisis (HD) merupakan terapi pengganti ginjal yang paling sering dilakukan pada pasien PGK stadium akhir. Pasien PGK yang menjalani HD rutin rentan mengalami protein energy wasting (PEW) sehingga memengaruhi status gizi. Lingkar otot lengan atas (LOLA) merupakan indeks yang dapat menggambarkan total protein tubuh dan massa otot. Terapi medik gizi komprehensif diperlukan untuk menghindarkan pasien dari PEW dan memperbaiki kualitas hidup pasien. Pemantauan terhadap empat pasien berusia 32-61 tahun dengan proporsi jenis kelamin sama, didiagnosis PGK stadium akhir dan menjalani HD rutin. Berdasarkan kriteria The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition seluruh pasien mengalami malnutrisi. Dua pasien telah menderita PEW, dua lainnya berisiko PEW. Terapi medik gizi diberikan sesuai dengan keadaan klinis pasien dengan target protein yaitu 1,1-1,4 g/kgBB/hari. Asupan energi dan protein pada dua pasien telah lebih dari 35 kkal/kgBB/hari dan 1,2 kkal/kgBB/hari sejak awal, sedangkan dua pasien lainnya rendah pada awal pengkajian namun mengalami peningkatan di akhir pemantauan. Seluruh pasien memiliki nilai LOLA yang rendah dan diduga mengalami deplesi otot, namun dua pasien mengalami peningkatan LOLA di akhir pemantauan.

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ABSTRACTChronic kidney disease has become a global epidemic disease and the prevalence is increasing in Indonesia. Hemodialysis (HD) is the most common treatment for end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Patients who undergoing HD routinely are vulnerable to increase protein energy wasting (PEW) so nutritional status must be monitored closely. Mid upper arm muscle circumference (MUAMC) can be use to show total body protein and muscle mass. Medical nutrition therapy is needed to prevent patients from PEW and improve the quality of life. Four patients age range 32-61 years and same sex ratio, diagnosed with ESRD undergoing HD. Based on The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition s criteria all patients were malnutrition. Two patients experienced PEW and the other had risk of PEW. Medical nutritional therapy is given according to clinical condition of each patient with target protein from 1.1-1.4 g/kgBW/day. Energy and protein intake in two patients was more than 35 kcal/kgBW/day and 1.2 kcal/kgBW/day at first assessment. Unfortunately the others patient intake were low at the first assessment but incresed at the end of monitoring. All patients had low MUAMC scores which indicate muscle depletion. Two patients had increased MUAMC at the end of monitoring."

"Protein energy wasting (PEW) merupakan sindrom gangguan nutrisi yang sering terjadipada pasien penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) dengan hemodialisis rutin sekitar 28-80%.Proses hemodialisis dapat meyebabkan hilangnya nutrien seperti asama amino,meningkatkan proses inflamasi yang kemudian dapat meningkatkan katabolisme protein,dan dapat menghambat utilisasi asam amino dalam sintesis protein. Jika tidak ditangani,PEW dapat meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas pasien PGK. Tujuan utamapenelitian adalah untuk mengetahui profil asam amino pasien PGK dengan hemodialisisrutin. Desain penelitian adalah potong lintang dengan 60 subjek pasien PGK usia >18tahun dengan hemodialisis rutin di RS. Umum Pusat Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangukusumo.Sampel berupa dried blood spot (DBS) dan pemeriksaan asam amino menggunakanmetode Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Asam aminoyang diperiksa adalah asam amino nonesensial (alanin, arginin, asam aspartat, asamglutamat, asparagin, glisin, glutamin, prolin, serin, tirosin), esensial (histidin, fenilalanin,isoleusin, leusin, lisin, metionin, treonin, triptofan, valin), dan khusus (ornitin, sitrulin).Hasil penelitian didapatkan hampir semua kadar asam amino pada subjek lebih rendahterutama alanin, tirosin, histidin, dan valin; sebaliknya asam aspartat dan serin ditemukanlebih tinggi kadarnya dibandingkan nilai rujukan Mayo dan data internal dewasa sehat.Didapatkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara jenis kelamin dengan fenilalanin,isoleusin, leusin; hipoalbuminemia (albumin <4 g/dL) dengan glisin; hipoalbuminemia(<3,5 g/dL) dengan arginin, asam aspartat, asparagin, histidin, lisin, metionin, danornitin. Didapatkan korelasi yang bermakna antara usia dengan BCAA (isoleusin, leusin,valin), dan metionin; dan hemoglobin dengan isoleusin. Penelitian ini merupakanpenilitian pertama tentang profil asam amino pada pasien PGK dengan hemodialisis diIndonesia dan penelitian pertama kali yang menggunakan sampel DBS pada orangdewasa. Dengan diketahuinya profil asam amino pada PGK dapat dimanfaatkan sebagaidasar pemberian jenis suplementasi asam amino yang sesuai dengan populasi pasien PGKdengan hemodialisis di Indonesia.

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Protein energy wasting (PEW) is a nutritional disorder syndrome that often occurs in

patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on routine hemodialysis around 28-80%. The

process of hemodialysis can cause the loss of nutrients such as amino acids, increase the

inflammatory process which can increase protein catabolism, and be able to inhibit the

utilization of amino acids in protein synthesis. If untreated, PEW can increase the

morbidity and mortality of CKD patients. The main objective of the study was to

determine the amino acid profile of CKD patients on routine hemodialysis. The study

design was cross sectional with 60 subjects of CKD patients aged >18 years on routine

hemodialysis at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Public Hospital. Samples in the form

of dried blood spot (DBS) and amino acid examination using the Liquid Chromatography

Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method. Amino acids examined were

nonessential amino acids (alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, asparagine,

glycine, glutamine, proline, serine, tyrosine), essential (histidine, phenylalanine,

isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, glycine, glutamine, proline, serine, tyrosine),

special (ornithine, citrulline). The results showed that almost all amino acid levels in the

subjects were lower especially alanine, tyrosine, histidine, and valine; in contrast, aspartic

acid and serine were found to be higher than Mayo reference value and internal data of

healthy adults. A significant relationship was found between gender and phenylalanine,

isoleucine, leucine; hypoalbuminemia (albumin <4g/dL) with glycine; hypoalbuminemia

(<3.5 g/dL) with arginine, aspartate acid, asparagine, histidine, lysine, methionine, and

ornithine. Significant correlation was obtained between age with BCAA (isoleucine,

leucine, valine), and methionine; and hemoglobin with isoleucine. This study is the first

study of the amino acid profile in CKD patients with hemodialysis in Indonesia and the

first study using DBS samples in adults. Knowing the amino acid profile in CKD can be

used as a basis for the of amino acid supplementation that is suitable for the population

of CKD patients with hemodialysis in Indonesia."