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"Protein profiling with high-throughput proteomic technology, SELDI-TOF, is a new potential tool for diagnosis of human diseases. This advanced technique has increasingly been used for the detection of disease biomarker. However, analytical reproducibility is a significant challenge in SELDI-TOF profiling in order to have confidence in the results. Here, we showed a simple step to improve its analytical performance. IMAC 30-Cu Protein Chip was used to incubate denaturated samples to increase the number of peak detection and decrease peak intensity coefficient of variation. Incubation of denaturated samples overnight at 4oC increased significantly reproducibility and quality of proteomic profile of SELDI-TOF MS for IMAC30-Cu ProteinChip. This strategy could be applied to address reproducibility issue in protemictechnology in protein profiling."

"ABSTRAKDalam satu dekade terakhir, para peneliti berfokus dalam upaya penemuan biomarker proteindan peptida untuk penyakit ginjal diabetik. Reviewini bertujuan untuk menelusuri, menelaah, dan mensintesisterkaitperkembangan terkini protein dan peptida sebagai biomarker untuk penyakit ginjal diabetik. Penelusuranliteratur dilakukan secara sistematis dengan melakukan penelusuran studi observasionalpada databaseseperti Sciencedirect, Springerlink, dan PubMed yang dipublikasikan dari Januari 2018 hingga April 2020. Setelah melakukan proses penyaringan, terdapat 20 artikel penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi yang telah ditetapkan. Berdasarkan literatur tersebut, biomarker protein dan peptida yang ditemukan menunjukkan hasil yang menjanjikan untuk memprediksi penyakit ginjal diabetik. Biomarker baru diklasifikasikan ke dalam beberapa kelompok berdasarkan peran biomarker dalam mekanisme patogenesis penyakit ginjal diabetik, seperti biomarker pada glomerulus (ANGPTL4, beta-2 microglobulin, Smad1, dan glypican-5), biomarker inflamasi (MCP-1 dan adiponectin), dan biomarker pada tubulus (NGAL, VDBP, megalin, sKlotho, dan KIM-1). Selain itu, pengembangan panel biomarker diduga memiliki potensi yang lebih baik dibandingkan biomarker tunggaldalam diagnosis penyakit ginjal diabetik. Semua biomarker yang dibahas pada review ini menunjukkan hubungan dengan albuminuria dan nilai eLFG. Namun, belum ada biomarker baru yang memiliki kemampuan prognosismelebihi albuminuria ataupun nilai eLFG. Hingga saat ini penggunaan biomarker protein dan peptida baru pada praktik klinis masih sangat terbatas.

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ABSTRACT

In the past decade, researchers are focused on the discovery of protein and peptide biomarkers for diabetic kidney disease (DKD). This paper aims to search, analyze, and synthesizethe current updates regarding the development of proteins and peptides as biomarkers for DKD. We systematically searched ScienceDirect, Springerlink, and PubMed (January 2018 until April 2020) databases for observational studies of protein and peptide biomarkers in patients with diabetes mellitus. Following the screening process, only 20 research articles met the inclusion criteria. Protein and peptide biomarkers found showed promising results for predicting DKD. These biomarkers include glomerular biomarkers (ANGPTL4, beta-2microglobulin, Smad1, and glypican-5), inflammatory biomarkers (MCP-1 and adiponectin), and tubular biomarkers (NGAL, VDBP, megalin,sKlotho,and KIM-1). Besides, the developmentof a panel biomarker showed a more promising result than a single biomarker at diagnosing DKD. All biomarkers discussed in this review correlate with albuminuria and eGFR. However, there's still no biomarker that has a prognostic value beyond albuminuria or eGFR. Until now, the use of biomarker proteins and peptides in clinical practice is still very restricted."