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"Latar belakang: Infeksi Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) merupakan salah satu faktor etiologi KSS (Karsinoma Sel Skuamosa) kepala dan leher serta mempengaruhi hasil terapi. Hipoksia tumor menunjukkan respon terapi yang buruk pada sebagian besar keganasan, termasuk KSS. Studi ini bertujuan mengevaluasi karakteristik HPV dan hipoksia dalam KSS rongga mulut dan orofaringeal serta kaitannya terhadap respons radiasi.Metode: Penelitian eksperimental pada KSS rongga mulut dan orofaring yang telah menjalani terapi radiasi di Departemen Radioterapi antara Januari 2013 hingga Desember 2017.Hasil: Dari total 18 subjek, 44,4% memiliki infeksi HPV positif, 66,7% menunjukkan marker hipoksia positif. Hubungan infeksi HPV dan hipoksia dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan (OR HPV = 2,0 (0,2-15,3), OR hipoksia positif = 0,6 (0,15-2,5), atau hipoksia negatif = 1,2 (0,6-2,3), p = 0,638). Dalam penelitian ini, enam pasien (33,3%) memiliki respon lengkap, tujuh pasien (38,8%) memiliki respon parsial, satu pasien memiliki respon stabil, dan empat pasien (22,2%) memiliki respon progresif terhadap radiasi. Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara HPV + / hipoksia +, HPV + / hipoksia-, HPV- / hipoksia +, dan kelompok HPV- / hipoksia- terhadap tanggapan terapi (p = 0,514).Kesimpulan: Peningkatan insiden HPV dan hipoksia tumor yang tinggi pada pasien dengan rongga mulut dan kanker orofaringeal. Namun, tidak ada efek signifikan dari HPV dan tumor hipoksia terhadap respons radiasi. Hipoksia berhubungan dengan respon progresif.

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Background: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection can lead to head and neck cancer and affect therapy outcomes. Hypoxic tumors are known to show poor therapy response in majority of malignancies, including Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC). This study aimed to show characteristics of HPV and hypoxia in oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer and their association in radiation response.

Method: We conducted an experimental study on patients diagnosed with oral cavity cancer and oropharyngeal cancer who had undergone radiation therapy in Radiotherapy Department between January 2013 until December 2017.

Result: From a total of eighteen subjects, 44.4% had positive HPV infection, 66.7% had positive for hypoxia.. The association of HPV infection and hypoxia in this study showed no significant relationship (OR HPV = 2.0(0.2-15.3), OR positive hypoxia = 0.6(0.15-2.5), OR negative hypoxia = 1.2(0.6-2.3), p=0.638). In this study, six patients (33.3%) had complete response, seven patients (38.8%) had partial response, one patient (5.6%) had stable response and four patients (22.2%) were progressive respon to the radiation. There was also no statistically significant association between HPV+/hypoxia+, HPV+/hypoxia-, HPV-/hypoxia+, and HPV-/hypoxia- group against therapy responses (p=0.514). In this study all progressive response related with hypoxia status.

Conclusion: There were high incidences of HPV and tumor hypoxia in patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer. However, there was no significant effects of HPV and tumor hypoxia to final radiation response. Hypoxia related to progressive disease. "

"Latar belakang: Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) merupakan marker sel punca kanker serviks yang menunjukkan karakteristik radioresisten. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan ALDH1 terhadap respon radiasi karsinoma sel skuamosa serviks stadium IIIB.Metode: Sebanyak 58 sampel dari 360 pasien yang didiagnosis karsinoma sel skuamosa serviks stadium IIIB yang mendapat radiasi lengkap periode 2016 – 2021 di RSCM memenuhi kriteria eligibilitas subjek penelitian ini. Pemeriksaan MRI pra-radiasi dan pasca radiasi serta ekspresi ALDH dengan imunohistokimiawi (Santa Cruz®) dilakukan pada 58 sampel blok paraffin. Respon terapi dinilai pada 3 bulan setelah radiasi. Kami membandingkan respon terapi komplet yang dihasilkan pada ekspresi ALDH rendah dan ekspresi ALDH tinggi. Analisis dilakukan dengan software SPSS.Hasil: Nilai titik potong optimal skor ALDH terhadap respon radiasi adalah 166,05 pg/mL yang diperoleh dari analisis kurva ROC. Nilai AUC menunjukkan hasil 0.682 dengan sensitivitas 63,6% dan spesifisitas 64,0%. Skor ALDH ≥166,05 meningkatkan risiko hingga 3,1 kali untuk tidak tercapainya respon komplet (adj OR 3,127, IK 95% 1,034 – 9,456, p = 0,043). Ukuran tumor pre-radiasi (p = 0,593), derajat diferensiasi (p = 0,161), kelainan ginjal pre-radiasi (0,114), dan keratinisasi (p = 0,477) tidak berhubungan dengan respon radiasi.Kesimpulan: Ekspresi ALDH yang tinggi berhubungan dengan respon radiasi tidak komplet pada karsinoma sel skuamosa serviks stadium IIIB. Pasien dengan skor ALDH ≥ 166,05 meningkatkan risiko tidak tercapainya respon komplet hingga 3,1 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan subjek dengan skor ALDH < 166,05.

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Background: ALDH is cancer stem cell marker that has radioresistance characteristic. This study aims to determine the association between ALDH1 and the radiation response of stage IIIB cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

Methods: A total 58 of 360 patients diagnosed with stage IIIB cervical squamous cell carcinoma who received complete radiation during 2016-2021 at the RSCM met the eligibility criteria for this study. Pre- and post-irradiation MRI examinations and ALDH expression with immunohistochemistry (Santa Cruz®) were performed on 58 paraffin block samples. Therapy response was assessed at 3 months after radiation. We compared the complete response resulting in low and high ALDH expression. The analysis was carried out with SPSS software.

Results: The optimal ALDH score cut-off point on the radiation response was 166.05 pg/mL which was obtained from the analysis of the ROC curve. The AUC value was 0.682 with sensitivity and specificity, 63,6% and 64%, respectively. ALDH score ≥166.05 increased the risk by 2.7 times for not achieving the complete response (OR = 2,656, IK 95% 0,844 – 8,356, p = 0,095). Pre-radiation tumor size (p = 0.593), degree of differentiation (p = 0.161), renal abnormalities (p = 0.114), and keratinization (p = 0.477) were not associated with radiation response.

Conclusions: High ALDH expression was associated with incomplete radiation response in squamous cell carcinoma of cervix stage IIIB"