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"ABSTRAKBatas Pelepasan (BP) tiap zat radioaktif ke atmosfir untuk tiap instalasi nuklir BATAN di Serpong telah dianalisis. Tujuan dari analisis adalah untuk memperoleh batas aktivitas tertinggi tiap zat radioaktif yang dapat terlepaskan ke atmosfir pada operasi normal dimana dosis yang diterima oleh perorangan (a member of public) yang tinggal di sekitar instalasi nuklir tidak melampaui batasan dosis radiasi yang diperkenankan. Analisis dilakukan berdasarkan batasan dosis yang direkomendasikan oleh BATAN untuk perorangan dengan menggunakan metode factor pemekatan (concentration factor method). Dalam analisis besaran-besaran spesifik dengan keadaan lingkungan setempat diikutsertakan dalam perhitungan, sehingga nilai BP ini hanya berlaku untuk kawasan BATAN di Serpong. Besaran yang belum tersedia diadopsi dari berbagai pustaka, dalam hal ini nilai maksimal yang digunakan sehingga hasil perkiraan yang diperoleh cukup konservatif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang diperoleh selanjutnya diturunkan Batasan Normal Operasi (BNO), Batasan Administrasi (BA) dan Batasan Peringatan Dini (BPD). Batasan-batasan ini harus dioperasionalkan sebagai tolok-ukur dalam pemantauan pelepasan zat radioaktif ke atmosfir di tiap instalasi nuklir BATAN di Serpong, sehingga bila terjadi pelepasan yang menjurus abnormal dengan segera dapat diketahui. Hal ini memungkinkan untuk dilakukan penghentian operasi ataupun penyelidikan lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui kelainan operasi yang terjadi. Maka dengan mengoperasionalkan BNO, BA dan BPD ini keselamatan masyarakat dan lingkungan di sekitar instalasi nuklir BATAN dapat ditingkatkan.Pelepasan rat radioaktif ke atmosfir rata-rata per tahun dari tiap instalasi nuklir BATAN di Serpong berdasarkan desain-dasar telah dibandingkan dengan hasil analisis. Hasil yang diperoleh menuniukkan bahwa pelepasan berdasarkan desain-dasar adalah relafif lebih rendah. Hal ini memberikan infomnasi bahwa desain-dasar tiap instalasi nuklir BATAN tidak melampaui kapasitas radiologi lingkungan dari kawasan Serpong.

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ABSTRACT

Derived Release Limits (DRL) Of Each Radio nuclide Into The Atmosphere For Each Batan Nuclear Installation In Serpong, West JavaDerived release limits (DRL) of each radionuclide into the atmosphere for each BATAN nuclear installation were analyzed. The objective of the analysis is to find the limit values for each radionuclide, which can be released into the atmosphere during normal operation. The radiation doses received by a member of the public must not exceed the limit values. In this analysis, the DRL were calculated based on the dose limit values for a member of the public as recommended by BATAN. The method used in this analysis was concentration factor method. The site parameters were taken into account, but some parameters, which were not -available from these sites, were adopted from literatures. In order to estimate the maximum values of ORL, conservative estimation has been considered in the analysis. The results were then used to derive some other limit values, such as Normal Operation Level (NOL), Administration Level (AL) and Early Warning Level (EWL). These limit values can be used as a reference in monitoring the release of radionuclides in each installation so that abnormal release can be identified earlier, and hence an investigation or emergency stop are possible before nuclear accident happens. The application of the NOL, AL and EWL are useful to increase the safety of the public living in surrounding area of BATAN nuclear installations in Serpong.

The annual release rate of each radionuclide from each BATAN nuclear installation based or. The basic design was compared with the analysis results. The results showed that the release rate is relatively lower indicating that the radiological capacity of Serpong site is not exceeded."

"Cs-137 is one of the most common radionuclides used for analysing man-made radioactive contamination in the environment beside Sr-90. Nangro Aceh Darussalam Province suffered the greatest mortality, with widespread destruction extending along more than 1000 km of coastline on 26 December 2004 due to tsunami. The disaster were affected areas about 220 km long and around 5 km wide along the coastlines of Aceh and North Sumatra. The purpose of this study is to investigate the artificial radioactivity 137Cs in soil samples which have been collected from various locations along the areas affected by tsunami in Aceh. The surface soil samples were collected from 20 sites in this region. The soil samples from the middle area of Aceh which was not exposed to the tsunami have also been investigated for comparison. The activity concentration of137Cs in the samples was measured using a ORTEC P-type coaxial high purity Germanium (HPGe) detector system. The artificial radioactivity level of 137Cs measured from these samples was found in the range of not detected to 2.09 Bq.kg-1 for the affected soil samples and 0.56 to 1.44 Bq.kg-1 for unaffected soil respectively. The radioactivity concentrations of 137Cs within the coastline areas are comparable to that of the middle area, which was not exposed to the tsunami. The results indicate that there are no new inputs of man-made radionuclides into the area at that time and the data obtained could serve as baseline levels of 137Cs in Aceh Region."