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Abstrak :
Peningkatan kebutuhan terhadap energi dan kesadaran akan ancaman polusi lingkungan, medorong kebutuhan akan adanya solusi terhadap energi yang bersih dan berkelanjutan. Material semikonduktor TiO2 merupakan material yang diharapkan dapat memainkan peran penting untuk membantu menyelesaikan masalah krisis energi melalui pemanfaatan energi matahari berbasis perangkat fotovoltaik. Dye sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) merupakan sel surya alternatif yang lebih murah dibandingkan dengan sel fotovoltaik berbasis silikon. Pada penelitian ini dilaporkan proses fabrikasi DSSC menggunakan TiO2 nanotube serbuk yang diperoleh dari anodisasi plat Ti dengan teknik Rapid Breakdown Anodization (RBA) dalam elektrolit HClO4 0,15 M. Beberapa variasi potensial yang diberikan, yaitu 10, 13, 14, 15 dan 20 V dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh area permukaan yang lebih luas dengan waktu sintesis yang cepat, sehingga menghasilkan DSSC dengan efisiensi yang lebih tinggi. Berdasarkan waktu sintesis yang diamati, TiO2 nanotube dapat dihasilkan dalam waktu yang relatif cepat adalah yang diperoleh dari hasil sintesis pada potensial 15 V dan 20 V, yaitu kurang dari 3 jam. Dari hasil karakterisasi TiO2 nanotube serbuk yang diperoleh tersebut diketahui TiO2 hasil sintesis dengan teknik RBA pada potensial 15 V pada suhu kalsinasi 500oC memiliki area permukaan yang lebih luas, yaitu 69,723 m2/g dibandingkan dengan potensial 20 V pada suhu kalsinasi 500oC, yaitu 63,824 m2/g. TiO2 nanotube-serbuk tersebut kemudian diaplikasikan sebagai perangkat DSSC untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya pada konversi energi surya ke energi listrik. Pada aplikasinya sebagai DSSC, elektroda pendukung yang digunakan dibuat dari deposisi larutan 5 mM H2PtCl6 sebagai partikel Pt pada substrat kaca fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) yang memiliki hambatan < 11 Ω/cm2. TiO2/FTO pada sistem DSSC dikarakterisasi gdengan menggunakan FESEM, diperoleh ketebalan film TiO2 sekitar 1,6-1,7 μm dan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Sedangkan pengujian nilai efisiensinya diukur dengan metoda Linier Sweep Voltametry menggunakan potensiostat. Iluminasi pada bagian depan (Frontside Illumination) kemudian dibandingkan dengan iluminasi pada bagian belakang pada system DSSC (Backside Illumination). Nilai efisiensi tertinggi yang diperoleh adalah 2,63% dibawah sumber cahaya lampu halogen 150 watt pada kondisi Frontside Illumination. Nilai tersebut diperoleh dari DSSC berbasis TiO2 yang disintesis dengan potensial 15 V dengan menggunakan zat warna Alizarin Red S. Kondisi yang sama untuk untuk DSSC dengan TiO2 dari proses sintesis pada 20 V menghasilkan efisiensi hanya 0,006%. ...... An increasing energy demand and environmental pollution concern, lead to a pressing need for a clean and sustainable energy solutions. TiO2 semiconductor material is expected to play an important role in helping solve the energy crisis through effective utilization of solar energy based on photovoltaic devices. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are potentially lower cost alternative to inorganic silicon-based photovoltaic cells. In this study, we report on the fabrication of DSSCs, which was constructed by TiO2 nanotubes powder, produced by rapid breakdown anodization (RBA) of Ti foil. The RBA was conducted in 0.15 M HClO4 electrolyte with variations voltage, namely 10, 13 14, 15 and 20 V to obtain better surface area in order to increase efficiency of DSSC in a quickly synthesize. Based on the observation during anodizing process, nanotube TiO2 powder can be obtained in rapid condition, less than 3 hours by anodization potential applied at 15 and 20 V. Characterization of morphology and surface area of these nanotube titania powder showed the best TiO2 nanotube was obtained by the RBA technique with applied potential 15 V, 69,723 m2/g, meanwhile for potential 20 V is 63,824 m2/g in the same calcination temperature. These Titania will be utilized as DSSC to compare its performance. The counter electrode was made by electrodeposition of Pt from an aqueous solution of 5 mM H2PtCl6 onto fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate. The TiO2/FTO were characterized by FESEM which is obtained thin film of TiO2 is around 1,6-1,7 μm and Spectrofotometer DRS UV-Vis, while efficiency was measured by Linier Sweep Voltametry method using potensiostat. The frontside of illuminated DSSCs were compared with the backside one. The highest cell efficiency was 2,63% under 150 W using halogen as light source at frontside illumination which is obtained from TiO2 which is synthesized on 15 V and using Alizarin Red S as sensitizer. That efficiency is higher than TiO2 on 20 V in the same condition (0,006%).

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Peningkatan kesadaran akan ancaman polusi lingkungan mendorong pengembangan pengolahan limbah yang lebih efisien dan berkesinambungan. Material semikonduktor TiO2 merupakan material yang diharapkan memegang peranan penting dalam penyelesaian permasalahan polusi lingkungan melalui pemanfaatan energi matahari berbasis perangkat fotovoltaik termodifikasi. Sistem hibrid Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)-katalisis merupakan salah satu pendekatan penyelesaian permasalahan limbah dikarenakan dapat mengoksidasi berbagai senyawa limbah serta pengaktifan dalam jangkauan panjang gelombang sinar tampak menyebabkan sistem ini menjadi lebih efisien.

Pada penelitian ini, fabrikasi sistem hibrid DSSC-katalisis menggunakan TiO2 nanotube yang disintesis melalui teknik Rapid Breakdown Anodization pada beda potensial 15 V dalam elektrolit 0,15 M HClO4. Pengujian performa sistem hibrid DSSC-katalisis menggunakan simulasi limbah rhodamine B dalam air. Beberapa variasi yang dilakukan adalah zat warna yang digunakan, perbandingan luas daerah warna dan daerah katalisis, serta perbandingan komposisi campuran fase anatase-rutil dalam TiO2. Variasi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kondisi optimum device DSSC-katalisis dalam mendegradasi rhodamine B.

TiO2 hasil sintesis dikalsinasi pada suhu 400°C selama 3 jam dan 2 jam serta 500°C selama 3 jam, lalu dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRD, UV Vis DRS, FTIR, FESEM, dan EDX. Hasil karakterisasi UV-Vis DRS menunjukkan band gap TiO2 hasil sintesis berkisar antara 3-3,5 eV. Sementara hasil uji FTIR yang menunjukkan ada puncak spesifik disekitar daerah 400-700 cm-1. Pada FESEM EDX, terlihat hasil yang cukup baik dalam bentuk bundle nanotube yang membuktikan bahwa teknik RBA dapat digunakan dalam proses sintesis TiO2 nanotube.

TiO2 hasil sintesis digunakan untuk merangkai sistem hibrid DSSC-katalisis menggunakan rhodamine B dan ekstrak buah naga sebagai zat warnanya. Zona katalisis pada hibrid DSSC diuji aktivitas katalisisnya, dimana persen degradasi oleh sistem bersensitizer rhodamine B sebesar 65,22% dan ekstrak buah naga sebesar 34,78% dengan lama penyinaran masing-masing 60 menit. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam sistem ini, rhodamine B memberikan hasil yang lebih baik. Pengujian selanjutnya menggunakan sensitizer rhodamine B dengan variasi perbandingan luas zona warna dan zona katalisis sebesar 1:2, 1:1, dan 1:0,5 dan diperoleh persen degradasi berturut-turut 40,19%; 25,01% ; dan 9,59%. Dengan demikian perbandingan optimum pada variasi ini adalah luas zona warna dan katalis yang paling baik adalah 1:2. Pengujian ketiga menggunakan TiO2 dengan komposisi campuran fase kristal anatase rutil sebesar 100% anatase 0% rutil.

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ABSTRACT
An increasing concern on environmental pollution lead to development for more efficient and sustainable waste treatment. Titanium dioxide is expected to play an important role to solve the environmental pollution problem by using solar energy based on modified photovoltaic devices. Hybrid Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) -catalysis system may become an efficient approach to solve the problem not only causes of the oxidizing power to degrade almost organic non biodegradable compounds in the waste but also the activation energy of this system still in visible light range. In this study, fabrication of hybrid DSSC - catalysis system used TiO2 nanotubes which was synthesized by Rapid Breakdown Anodization method, the potential difference was 15 V in 0.15 M HClO4. Degradating ability testing for hybrid DSSC ?catalysis system using simulated waste rhodamine B dispersed in water. Several variations has been done as kind of the dye used for the system, the wide comparison of dyes zone and catalytic zone, and composition of mixed crystalline phase ratio of anatase and rutile in TiO2 used. The purpose of the variation was to determine the optimum conditions for DSSC - catalysis device in degrading rhodamine B. TiO2 synthesized was calcined up to 400 ° C for 3 hours and 2 hours and 500°C for 3 hours. It was characterized using XRD, UV- Vis DRS, FTIR, FESEM, and EDX. UV- Vis DRS showed the band gap of samples between 3-3.5 eV. The result of FTIR measurements showed there was peak around the region 400-700 cm-1. FESEM EDX results showed very good shape of TiO2 nanotube bundle which proves that the RBA technique can be used in the synthesis process. Testing for determine the better sensitizer between rhodamine B and dragon fruit extract has been done. Based on the results of UV Vis measurements, percent degradation of rhodamine B system up to 65.22% and dragon fruit extract only 34.78%. Each of them exposure by visible light for 60 minutes. It indicates that in this system, rhodamine B sensitizer gives the better results. Further testing using sensitizer rhodamine B with a wide comparison of dye zone and catalytic zones by 1: 2, 1: 1 and 1: 0.5 and obtained percent of degradation respectively 40.19%; 25.01%; and 9.59%. Thus the optimum ratio in this variation is 1: 2. The third testing using the composition of the mixture TiO2 anatase-rutile crystalline phase 100% anatase 0% rutile, 92.88% anatase 7.12% rutile and 17.08% anatase 82.92% rutile with a percent of degradation for each sample were 66.80%, 81.01%, and 70.37%. The test results showed that the best phase in the system is the mixture of anatase 92.88% rutile 7.12%. Based on the three variations known that the system would work better if using rhodamine B as a;An increasing concern on environmental pollution lead to development for more efficient and sustainable waste treatment. Titanium dioxide is expected to play an important role to solve the environmental pollution problem by using solar energy based on modified photovoltaic devices. Hybrid Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) -catalysis system may become an efficient approach to solve the problem not only causes of the oxidizing power to degrade almost organic non biodegradable compounds in the waste but also the activation energy of this system still in visible light range. In this study, fabrication of hybrid DSSC - catalysis system used TiO2 nanotubes which was synthesized by Rapid Breakdown Anodization method, the potential difference was 15 V in 0.15 M HClO4. Degradating ability testing for hybrid DSSC ?catalysis system using simulated waste rhodamine B dispersed in water. Several variations has been done as kind of the dye used for the system, the wide comparison of dyes zone and catalytic zone, and composition of mixed crystalline phase ratio of anatase and rutile in TiO2 used. The purpose of the variation was to determine the optimum conditions for DSSC - catalysis device in degrading rhodamine B. TiO2 synthesized was calcined up to 400 ° C for 3 hours and 2 hours and 500°C for 3 hours. It was characterized using XRD, UV- Vis DRS, FTIR, FESEM, and EDX. UV- Vis DRS showed the band gap of samples between 3-3.5 eV. The result of FTIR measurements showed there was peak around the region 400-700 cm-1. FESEM EDX results showed very good shape of TiO2 nanotube bundle which proves that the RBA technique can be used in the synthesis process. Testing for determine the better sensitizer between rhodamine B and dragon fruit extract has been done. Based on the results of UV Vis measurements, percent degradation of rhodamine B system up to 65.22% and dragon fruit extract only 34.78%. Each of them exposure by visible light for 60 minutes. It indicates that in this system, rhodamine B sensitizer gives the better results. Further testing using sensitizer rhodamine B with a wide comparison of dye zone and catalytic zones by 1: 2, 1: 1 and 1: 0.5 and obtained percent of degradation respectively 40.19%; 25.01%; and 9.59%. Thus the optimum ratio in this variation is 1: 2. The third testing using the composition of the mixture TiO2 anatase-rutile crystalline phase 100% anatase 0% rutile, 92.88% anatase 7.12% rutile and 17.08% anatase 82.92% rutile with a percent of degradation for each sample were 66.80%, 81.01%, and 70.37%. The test results showed that the best phase in the system is the mixture of anatase 92.88% rutile 7.12%. Based on the three variations known that the system would work better if using rhodamine B as a;An increasing concern on environmental pollution lead to development for more efficient and sustainable waste treatment. Titanium dioxide is expected to play an important role to solve the environmental pollution problem by using solar energy based on modified photovoltaic devices. Hybrid Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) -catalysis system may become an efficient approach to solve the problem not only causes of the oxidizing power to degrade almost organic non biodegradable compounds in the waste but also the activation energy of this system still in visible light range. In this study, fabrication of hybrid DSSC - catalysis system used TiO2 nanotubes which was synthesized by Rapid Breakdown Anodization method, the potential difference was 15 V in 0.15 M HClO4. Degradating ability testing for hybrid DSSC ?catalysis system using simulated waste rhodamine B dispersed in water. Several variations has been done as kind of the dye used for the system, the wide comparison of dyes zone and catalytic zone, and composition of mixed crystalline phase ratio of anatase and rutile in TiO2 used. The purpose of the variation was to determine the optimum conditions for DSSC - catalysis device in degrading rhodamine B. TiO2 synthesized was calcined up to 400 ° C for 3 hours and 2 hours and 500°C for 3 hours. It was characterized using XRD, UV- Vis DRS, FTIR, FESEM, and EDX. UV- Vis DRS showed the band gap of samples between 3-3.5 eV. The result of FTIR measurements showed there was peak around the region 400-700 cm-1. FESEM EDX results showed very good shape of TiO2 nanotube bundle which proves that the RBA technique can be used in the synthesis process. Testing for determine the better sensitizer between rhodamine B and dragon fruit extract has been done. Based on the results of UV Vis measurements, percent degradation of rhodamine B system up to 65.22% and dragon fruit extract only 34.78%. Each of them exposure by visible light for 60 minutes. It indicates that in this system, rhodamine B sensitizer gives the better results. Further testing using sensitizer rhodamine B with a wide comparison of dye zone and catalytic zones by 1: 2, 1: 1 and 1: 0.5 and obtained percent of degradation respectively 40.19%; 25.01%; and 9.59%. Thus the optimum ratio in this variation is 1: 2. The third testing using the composition of the mixture TiO2 anatase-rutile crystalline phase 100% anatase 0% rutile, 92.88% anatase 7.12% rutile and 17.08% anatase 82.92% rutile with a percent of degradation for each sample were 66.80%, 81.01%, and 70.37%. The test results showed that the best phase in the system is the mixture of anatase 92.88% rutile 7.12%. Based on the three variations known that the system would work better if using rhodamine B as a, An increasing concern on environmental pollution lead to development for more efficient and sustainable waste treatment. Titanium dioxide is expected to play an important role to solve the environmental pollution problem by using solar energy based on modified photovoltaic devices. Hybrid Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) -catalysis system may become an efficient approach to solve the problem not only causes of the oxidizing power to degrade almost organic non biodegradable compounds in the waste but also the activation energy of this system still in visible light range. In this study, fabrication of hybrid DSSC - catalysis system used TiO2 nanotubes which was synthesized by Rapid Breakdown Anodization method, the potential difference was 15 V in 0.15 M HClO4. Degradating ability testing for hybrid DSSC –catalysis system using simulated waste rhodamine B dispersed in water. Several variations has been done as kind of the dye used for the system, the wide comparison of dyes zone and catalytic zone, and composition of mixed crystalline phase ratio of anatase and rutile in TiO2 used. The purpose of the variation was to determine the optimum conditions for DSSC - catalysis device in degrading rhodamine B. TiO2 synthesized was calcined up to 400 ° C for 3 hours and 2 hours and 500°C for 3 hours. It was characterized using XRD, UV- Vis DRS, FTIR, FESEM, and EDX. UV- Vis DRS showed the band gap of samples between 3-3.5 eV. The result of FTIR measurements showed there was peak around the region 400-700 cm-1. FESEM EDX results showed very good shape of TiO2 nanotube bundle which proves that the RBA technique can be used in the synthesis process. Testing for determine the better sensitizer between rhodamine B and dragon fruit extract has been done. Based on the results of UV Vis measurements, percent degradation of rhodamine B system up to 65.22% and dragon fruit extract only 34.78%. Each of them exposure by visible light for 60 minutes. It indicates that in this system, rhodamine B sensitizer gives the better results. Further testing using sensitizer rhodamine B with a wide comparison of dye zone and catalytic zones by 1: 2, 1: 1 and 1: 0.5 and obtained percent of degradation respectively 40.19%; 25.01%; and 9.59%. Thus the optimum ratio in this variation is 1: 2. The third testing using the composition of the mixture TiO2 anatase-rutile crystalline phase 100% anatase 0% rutile, 92.88% anatase 7.12% rutile and 17.08% anatase 82.92% rutile with a percent of degradation for each sample were 66.80%, 81.01%, and 70.37%. The test results showed that the best phase in the system is the mixture of anatase 92.88% rutile 7.12%. Based on the three variations known that the system would work better if using rhodamine B as a]

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Fotokatalis TiO2 terimobilisasi telah banyak diteliti sebagai pendegradasi senyawa olutan organik dan memiliki potensi untuk diaplikasikan dalam skala besar. Dalam penelitian ini, TiO2-nanotube yang disintesis melalui proses Rapid Breakdown Anodization telah berhasil diimobilisasi pada material silinder ulir stainless steel melalui teknik deposisi elektroforetik. Mass loading yang dihasilkan melalui deposisi elektroforetik menunjukkan hasil yang berbanding lurus terhada variasi bias potensial. Karakterisasi yang dilakukan dengan SEM, XRD, FTIR, dan UV-DRS menunjukkan partikel TiO2 terimobilisasi memiliki ukuran partikel yang berkisar antara 200-400 nm dan memiliki band gap yang bernilai 3.21 eV. Teknik LSV (Linear Sweep Voltammetry) menunjukkan adanya aktivitas photocurrent pada TiO2 terimobilisasi, yaitu sebesar 0.14 mA/cm2. Pada pengujian degradasi fotokatalitik yang dilakukan terhadap Fenol 20 ppm diamati penurunan absorbansi (A/Ao) sebesar 100% untuk λ216 dan 75.19% untuk λ276 selama 150 menit dengan sistem batch. Besar penurunan absorbansi (A/Ao) BPA pada sistem batch adalah 100% untuk λ244 dan untuk λ294 selama 2 jam dan sistem alir sebesar 100% untuk λ244 dan λ294 selama 6 jam. Pada kedua sistem degradasi BPA diamati munculnya intermediet yang ditandai dengan munculnya absorbansi baru pada λ325. Secara garis besar, sistem TiO2 terimobilisasi pada silinder ulir stainless steel dapat menjadi salah satu solusi sebagai pendegradasi senyawa organik yang mencemari lingkungan.

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ABSTRACT
Immobilized TiO2 photocatalyst has been widely studied for degradation of organic pollutant and have potential to be applied in large scale. In this research, TiO2-nanotube which were synthesized from Rapid Breakdown Anodization method has been successfully immobilized on stainless steel spring material with electrophoretic deposition method. Mass loading on stainless steel showed that the amount of immobilized TiO2 increased as applied potential was increasing. Characterizations with SEM, XRD, FTIR, and UV-DRS showed the particle of immobilized TiO2 is 200-300 nm in size with anatase phase in 8.34 nm and rutile phase in 12.01 nm. The band gap value is 3.21 which is suitable for photocatalysis process. Photoelectrochemical assessment by LSV (Linear Sweep Voltammetry) method showed the photocurrent activity from immobilized TiO2 is 0.14 mA/cm2. Photocatalytic degradation of 20 ppm phenol showed 100% decreasing absorbnce (A/Ao) for λ216 and 75.19% for λ276 for 150 minutes. As for BPA in batch system showed 100% decreasing absorbance for λ244 and λ294 in 2 hours reaction and flow system showed 100% decreasing absorbance for λ244 and λ294 in 6 hours reaction. On both system, there was a new absorbance peak showed at λ325 which showed intermediate compounds. In summary, immobilized TiO2 on stainless steel spring material could be a solution for degradation of organic molecule pollutants for water treatment.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Telah dilakukan studi degradasi secara fotokatalitik zat warna metilen biru menggunakan fotokatalis nanotube bermagnet. Fotokatalis Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2- nanotube telah berhasil disintesis melalui proses heteroaglomerasi antara Fe3O4/SiO2 dengan TiO2-nanotube pada pH 4,8. Fotokatalis TiO2 nanotube (TiO2- NT) yang digunakan dalam komposit Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2-nanotube terlebih dahulu disintesis dengan menggunakan metode rapid breakdown anodization, dalam elektrolit yang mengandung ion klorat, pada tegangan 15 volt selama 35 menit dan suhu kalsinasi 450 0C selama 2 jam dengan kenaikan suhu 50 per menit. TiO2 nanotube dikompositkan dengan bahan magnetik dan silika menjadi Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2-nanotube agar lebih mudah diambil kembali dengan medan magnet dari luar setelah pemakaiannya serta untuk meningkatkan sifat adsorpsinya. Komposit dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, UV Vis DRS, BET dan VSM. Uji kinerja fotodegradasi metilen biru dilakukan pada suatu sistem reaktor fotokatalitik dengan sistem batch yang dilengkapi dengan shaker, lampu UV 15 Watt selama 5 jam dan sampel hasil uji kinerja dianalisis menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Uji kinerja fotodegradasi metilen biru dalam air menunjukan bahwa TiO2 nanotube 450 0C dapat menurunkan konsentrasi metilen biru sebesar sebesar 96,43% dengan konsentrasi awal 20 ppm. Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2-nanotube dapat menurunkan konsentrasi metilen biru sebesar 90,4%. Kelebihan komposit ini yaitu dapat dikumpulkan kembali dari cairan limbah dengan bantuan medan magent luar setelah proses selesai.

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ABSTRACT
Study on photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye using a magnetic nanotubes photocatalysts has been conducted. Photocatalyst Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2-nanotube has been successfully synthesized with heteroaglomerasi process between Fe3O4/SiO2 with TiO2 nanotubes at pH 4.8. Photocatalyst TiO2 nanotubes used in the composite Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2-nanotube synthesized by of rapid breakdown anodization method with an electrolyte containing ions of chlorate, at a voltage of 15 volts for 35 minutes and the calcination temperature of 450 0C for 2 hours as the temperature rises 5 0C per minute. TiO2 nanotube with a magnetic material and silica into Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2- nanotube to be more easily taken back by the magnetic field from the outside after use and enhance the adsorption properties. Composite were characterized using FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, UV-Vis DRS, BET and VSM. Photodegradation of methylene blue test performed on a photocatalytic reactor system with batch systems equipped with shaker, 15 watt UV lamp for 5 hours and a sample performance test results analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results of the photodegradation experiment of methylene blue in water by using TiO2 nanotube 450 0C and Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 in the batch reactor with 1 g/L of catalyst dose showed that of methylene blue can be eliminated as much as 96.43% and 90.4%. Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2-nanotube can reduced the concentration of methylene blue smaller than used TiO2 nanotube but the composite Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2- nanotube can be still recollected from water with assistance of external magnetic field.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Kontaminasi air oleh zat pewarna menjadi salah satu tantangan bagi perkembangan material maju dalam pengolahannya. Senyawa fotokatalis TiO2 merupakan material yang dapat mendegradasi zat pewarna dalam air namun setelah digunakan tidak dapat dipisahkan kembali dari hasil degradasi. Komposit Fe3O4 dan TiO2-NT merupakan modifikasi fotokatalis bermagnit yang dapat digunakan untuk mendegradasi zat pewarna dalam air serta dapat dipisahkan kembali dengan magnet permanen. Ikatan langsung antara Fe3O4 dan TiO2-NT menyebabkan efek fotodisolusi. Komposit Fe3O4/Kitosan/TiO2-NT disintesis menggunakan metode heteroaglomerasi dengan TiO2-NT yang disintesis menggunakan metode Rapid Breakdown Anodization. Hasil sintesis Fe3O4/Kitosan/TiO2-NT dan Fe3O4/TiO2-NT dikarakterisasi menggunakan UV-Vis DRS, FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, VSM, dan SAA. Selama iradiasi sinar UV, Fe3O4/Kitosan/TiO2-NT mampu mendegradasi senyawa metilen biru hingga 82% sedangkan Fe3O4/TiO2-NT mendegradasi metilen biru hingga 30%. Kitosan dapat mencegah efek fotodisolusi.

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ABSTRAK
The contamination by the dye became one of the challenges for the development of advanced materials in its processing. TiO2 photocatalyst is a material that can degrade the dye in the water but could not be separated again from the result of degradation. Composite Fe3O4 and TiO2-NT is a modification of magnetic photocatalysts that can be used to degrade dye in water and can be separated again with a permanent magnet. Direct bond between Fe3O4 and TiO2-NT caused the photodissolution effect. Composite Fe3O4/Chitosan/TiO2-NT synthesized using heteroagglomeration methods with TiO2-NT were synthesized using Rapid Breakdown Anodization methods. The result of the synthesis of Fe3O4/Chitosan/TiO2-NT and Fe3O4/TiO2-NT were characterized using UV-Vis DRS, FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, VSM, and SAA. During UV irradiation, Fe3O4/Chitosan/TiO2-NT can degrade up to 82% of methylene blue while Fe3O4/TiO2-NT degrade up to 30% of methylene blue. Chitosan can prevent the photodissolution effect.

Abstrak :
Dye Sensitized Solar Cell DSSC berbasis TiO2 merupakan tipe sel surya yang menarik perhatian karena proses fabrikasi yang mudah, biaya pembuatan yang murah, dan efisiensi yang menjanjikan. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan fabrikasi DSSC menggunakan TiO2 nanotube yang disintesis dengan teknik Rapid Breakdown Anodization RBA dan Ultrafast Room Temperature Cristalization URTC . TiO2 kemudian dideposisikan pada substrat kaca Fluor Tin Oxide FTO menggunakan metode doctor blade, disensitasi dengan zat warna kurkumin, dan dirangkai sebagai elektroda kerja sel surya bersama elektroda counter berbasis karbon transparan yang disintesis menggunakan metode liquid-liquid interfacial system. Karakterisasi dilakukan dengan XRD, UV-VIS DRS, SEM, FTIR, Raman Spectroscopy, dan Potensiostat EDAQ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, metode URTC dapat merubah bentuk TiO2 amorf menjadi fasa kristalin anatase. Fotoaktivitas TiO2-URTC pada daerah UV sebesar 0,10 mA/cm2 pun tidak terlalu jauh dari fotoaktivitas TiO2-450C. Di sisi lain, elektroda counter karbon transparan FTO/Ct berhasil disintesis dan memberikan transimisi rata-rata 58,26 pada daerah sinar tampak dengan kemampuan elektrokatalitik lebih baik dari FTO. Uji kinerja DSSC dilakukan terhadap sel surya dengan rangkaian FTO/TiO2-URTC/kurkumin//FTO/Ct. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa DSSC ini memberikan efisiensi sebesar 0,467 pada penyinaran depan dan 0,262 pada penyinaran belakang. Nilai efisiensi tersebut tidak berbeda jauh dengan efisiensi DSSC dengan komponen FTO/TiO2-450C/kurkumin//FTO/Pt, yaitu 0,517 untuk penyinaran depan dan 0,356 untuk penyinaran belakang.

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based Dye Sensitized Solar Cell DSSC is one of the most attractive solar cell, because of its easy fabrication, low cost, and relatively promising efficiency. In this research, we developed solar cell using TiO2 nanotube powder that was made by Rapid Breakdown Anodization RBA and Ultrafast Room Temperature Cristalization technique. The prepared TiO2 then was sensitized using curcumin dyes and utilized to construct DSSC using carbon transparent counter electrode prepared by liquid liquid interface system technique. Characterizations of the prepared materials were done by using XRD, SEM, UV Vis DRS, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and Electrochemical working station. The results indicate that by using URTC technique, the freshly prepared TiO2 was transformed to anatase crystalline phase. Furthermore, photoactivity of TiO2 ndash URTC in UV 0.10 mA cm2 just equal to that was being prepared by the conventional technique 0.12 mA cm2 . On the other hand, carbon transparent electrode FTO Ct was successfully prepared and gives 58.26 transparency in visible light region but having catalytic activity better than bare FTO. Furhermore, efficiency test of constructed DSSC FTO TiO2 URTC curcumin FTO Ct showed efficiency of 0.467 for front illumination and 0.262 for back illumination. This result is still lower, but not too far than conventional DSSC with components FTO TiO2 450C curcumin FTO Pt which gives 0.517 efficiency for front illumination and 0,356 for back illumination.