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Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan agresivitas pelaporan keuangan atau earning management dengan agresivitas pajak atau penghindaran pajak. Penelitian ini mengulang penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Frank et al. (2009) dengan beberapa modifikasi atau mengganti accrual earning management (AEM) dengan real earning management (REM) Cohen & Zarowin (2010) melalui aktivitas abnormal cash flow from operation, overproduction, dan discretionary expense, mengganti ukuran AEM dengan model Kothari et al (2005), dan mengganti ukuran penghindaran pajak dengan abnormal book-tax differences (ABTD) Tang & Firth (2011). Sampel dalam penelitian terdiri dari 671 perusahaan-tahun dari perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada periode 2011-2021. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif dan resiprokal antara manajemen laba akrual dengan penghindaran pajak. Selain itu, real earning management melalui overproduction juga berhubungan positif dan resiprokal terhadap penghindaran pajak. Sementara itu, real earning management melalui abnormal cash flow from operation tidak berhubungan terhadap penghindaran pajak. Di lain sisi, real earning management melalui discretionary expense berhubungan negatif terhadap penghindaran pajak. Adapun accrual earning management lebih dapat menjelaskan ABTD dibandingkan real earning management dan ABTD lebih dapat menjelaskan real earning management dibandingkan dengan BTD. ......This study aims to analyze the relationship between the aggressiveness of financial reporting or earning management with tax aggressiveness or tax avoidance. This study repeats the research conducted by Frank et al. (2009) with some modifications or replacing accrual earning management (AEM) with real earning management (REM) Cohen & Zarowin (2010) through abnormal cash flow activities from operations, overproduction, and discretionary expenses, replacing the size of AEM with the Kothari et al model ( 2005), and replacing the measure of tax avoidance with abnormal book-tax differences (ABTD) Tang & Firth (2011). The sample in the study consisted of 671 company-years from manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2011-2021 period. The results of the study show that there is a positive and reciprocal relationship between accrual earnings management and tax avoidance. In addition, real earnings management through overproduction is also positively and reciprocally related to tax avoidance. Meanwhile, real earnings management through abnormal cash flow from operations is not related to tax avoidance. On the other hand, real earnings management through discretionary expense has a negative relationship with tax avoidance. Meanwhile, accrual earning management is more able to explain ABTD than real earning management and ABTD is more able to explain real earning management than BTD.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh financial distress terhadap manajemen laba dengan pengendalian internal sebagai variabel moderasi. Financial distress diukur menggunakan Altman Z-Score dan modal kerja negatif. Pengendalian internal diukur menggunakan indeks pengungkapan pengendalian internal. Manajemen laba terbagi atas dua variabel yaitu manajemen laba akrual dan manajemen laba riil. Penelitian menggunakan sampel perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar pada Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2010-2019 dengan teknik penarikan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data pada penelitian ini menggunakan data panel yaitu gabungan cross section dan time series. Hasil pada penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara financial distress terhadap manajemen laba riil begitupun dengan memasukkan pengendalian internal sebagai variabel moderasi dan tidak terdapat pengaruh signifikan anara financial distress terhadap manajemen laba akrual begitupun dengan memasukkan pengendalian internal sebagai variabel moderasi. ......This study aims to analyze the effect of financial distress on earnings management with internal control as a moderating variable. Financial distress measured using Altman Z-Score and negative working capital. Internal control measured using internal control disclosure index. Earnings management is divided into two variables, accrual earnings management and real earnings management. The study used a sample of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2010-2019 with the sampling technique using purposive sampling. This study uses a quantitative approach. The data in this study used panel data, combination of cross sections and time series. The results in this study indicate that there is a significant influence between financial distress on real earnings management as well as by including internal control as a moderating variable and there is no significant effect of financial distress on accrual earnings management as well as by including internal control as a moderating variable.

Abstrak :
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini ingin menguji secara empiris apakah ada perbedaan kualitas audit antara KAP BESAR, BUKAN KAP BESAR, KAP MENEGAH, KAP KECIL, KAP Afiliasi dan KAP Non Afiliasi dalam rangka meminimalisasi manajemen akrual. Pada penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya, ditemukan bahwa manajemen lebih menyukai melakukan manajemen laba rill. Oleh karena itu, pengujian kualitas audit diperluas terhadap tingkat manajemen laba rill perusahaan. Penelitian ini melibatkan proses matching, untuk mengeliminasi karakter klien dalam proses pemilihan auditor. Hasil penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan perbedaan yang signifikan antara audit oleh KAP BESAR dan BUKAN KAP BESAR terhadap tingkat manajemen laba rill perusahaan.

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ABSTRACT
The aims of research is to examine if there is any difference in auditing quality between BIG 4 audit firms, NON BIG 4 audit firms, second tier audit firms, third tier audit firms, affiliated audit firms, and non affiliated audit firms in minimizing accrual management. In previous research, it was found that management preferred to do real management activity than accrual. So, this research also examines the difference of audit quality in determining level of real management activity. This research uses matching procedure to eliminate any client characteristics. The result of this research is any significant difference of auditing quality between BIG 4 audit firms and NON BIG 4 audit firms in determining level of real management activity.