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Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Proses pematangan spermatozoa membutuhkan interaksi antar protein yang disintesis dan disekresikan oleh epitel epdidimis ke lumen di area tertentu. Gen yang terekspresi secara spesifik di region-region tertentu akan menciptakan lingkungan mikro yang kondusif untuk proses pematangan spermatozoa. Spink2 adalah salah satu gen yang diketahui berperan dalam pematangan spermatozoa yang ekspresinya terdekteksi di epididimis. Studi peran SPINK2 membutuhkan protein yang cukup untuk karakterisasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengklon, mengekspresikan, dan menguji aktivitas protein rekombinan SPINK2. Metode: Dalam penelitian ini gen mSpink2 dikonstruksikan secara sintetis. Plasmid pQE80L digunakan sebagai vektor ekspresi dan strain sel Escherichia coli yang digunakan adalah Top10 dan BL21. Proses pengklonaan diawali dengan transformasi plasmid pQE80L-mSpink2 ke E. coli Top10 kompeten menggunakan metode heatshock. Proses ekspresi dilakukan dengan penambahan agen induksi Isopropyl-1-Thio-d-Galactopyranoside (IPTG), dipurifikasi dengan kromatografi Ni-NTA. Kemudian dilakukan uji aktivitas protease dengan pembacaan panjang gelombang 660 nm. Hasil: Plasmid pQE80L-mSpink2 terkonfirmasi berhasil diklon dengan analisis enzim restriksi dan sekuensing. Hasil elekstroforesis menunjukan adanya fragmen DNA dengan panjang 4709 pb dan 258 pb. Hasil ekspresi SDS-PAGE dan western blot menunjukkan SPINK2 berhasil terekspresi pada waktu optimum induksi jam ke-4 dan terdapat pita tebal dengan ukuran 14 kDa. Protein rekombinan SPINK2 berhasil dipurifikasi dan ditunjukan dari hasil western blot pada elusi ke-1 hingga ke-4. Hasil uji aktivitas protease menunjukan terdapat penurunan aktivitas enzim tripsin setelah diberi protein rekombinan SPINK2 dengan konsentrasi optimum 0,6 mM. Kesimpulan: Protein rekombinan SPINK2 telah berhasil dikonstruksi secara sintetis, diklon pada vektor plasmid pQE80L, diekspresikan pada E.coli strain BL21 kompeten, dan diketahui dapat menghambat aktivitas enzim protease dengan konsentrasi 0,7 mM. ......Background: The process of spermatozoa maturation requires interaction between proteins synthesized and secreted by the epididymal epithelium to the lumen in a particular area. The interaction between these protein produces a microenvironment for maturation process of spermatozoa. In this condition, it takes genes that are specifically expressed. Spink2 in one of the genes known have a role in the maturation of spermatozoa and expressed in the epididymis. The SPINK2 role study requires sufficient protein for characterization. The aim of this study was to clone, express, and protease assay of the recombinant protein SPINK2. Methods: In this study the mSpink2 gene was constructed synthetically. The plasmid pQE80L was used as an expression vector and the cell Escherichia coli strains used were Top10 and BL21. The cloning process begins with transformation of the plasmid pQE80L-mSpink2 to a competent E. coli Top10. The expression process was carried out by adding the induction agent Isopropyl-1-Thio-d-Galactopyranoside (IPTG), purified by Ni-NTA chromatography. Then the protease activity assay was carried out with a wavelength 660 nm. Results: The plasmid pQE80L-mSpink2 was confirmed to be cloned by restriction enzyme and sequencing analysis. The result showed that is formation of DNA with a length of 4709 bp and 258 bp. The SDS-PAGE and western blot result showed that SPINK2 was successfully expressed at the optimum time is 4th hour. There was a thick band with a size of 14 kDa. The SPINK2 recombinant protein was successfully purified and shown form the western blot. The result of the protease activity assay showed that there was a decrease in trypsin enzyme activity after being given SPINK2 recombinant protein with an optimum concentration is 0,6 mM. Conclusion: Recombinant protein of SPINK2 has been successfully constructed synthetically, cloned, expressed, and tested for its protease inhibitor activity

Abstrak :
Pendahuluan: VDAC merupakan saluran ion pada spermatozoa yang berperan penting dalam pengangkutan ATP, ion, dan metabolit di dalam membran sel. Telah diketahui VDAC3 berperan dalam motilitas sperma. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memproduksi antibodi anti-VDAC3 melawan protein rekombinan hasil ekspresi vektor rekombinan VDAC3 dan menguji efeknya terhadap viabilitas dan motilitas sperma ejakulat manusia. Metode: Protein rekombinan VDAC3 diimunisasikan selama 14 minggu ke 2 ekor kelinci. Kemudian serum kelinci minggu ke -6 diuji dengan metode ELISA untuk mengetahui titer antibodi anti-VDAC3 dalam serum dan serum preimun sebagai kontrolnya. Serum mengandung antibodi anti-VDAC3 dan serum preimun dipaparkan terhadap 22 sampel ejakulat sperma manusia dan dilihat efeknya terhadap parameter motilitas sperma, Velocity Average Path (VAP), Curvilinear Velocity (VCL), dan Velocity Average Path (VAP) dengan menggunakan Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA), serta uji viabilitas sperma dengan pewarnaan Eosin-Y pada 0, 30, dan 60 menit paparan. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna viabilitas sperma ejakulat manusia yang dipapar dengan serum antibodi anti-VDAC3 dibandingkan dengan serum preimun dalam waktu 0, 30, dan 60 (p=0,001). Selain itu, terdapat perbedaan presentase motilitas sperma ejakulat yang dipapar dengan serum antibodi anti-VDAC3 dibandingkan dengan serum preimun dalam waktu 0 dan 30 menit (p=0,007; 0,001), sedangkan pada waktu 60 menit tidak bermakna (p=0,062). Pengujian terhadap parameter motilitas VAP, VSL, dan VCL, tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Serum antibodi anti-VDAC3 rekombinan dapat menurunkan viabilitas dan motilitas sperma ejakulat manusia ......Introduction: VDAC is an ion channel in spermatozoa that plays an important role in the transport of ATP, ions and metabolites in the cell membrane, play a role in sperm motility. The aim of this study was to produce anti-VDAC3 antibodies against VDAC3 recombinant protein that expressed in E coli and evaluated their effect on viability and motility parameters of human ejaculate sperm. Methods: The VDAC3 recombinant protein produced then immunized for 14 weeks to 2 rabbits. The VDAC3 antiserum on 6 weeks was tested by ELISA method to determine the VDAC3 antibody titer in serum and preimmune serum as control. Then, this antiserum and preimmune serum were exposed to 22 samples of human sperm ejaculate and evaluated the effect on viability parameters with Eosin-Y staining, percentage of motility, VAP, VCL, and VSL using computer assisted sperm analysis for 0, 30, and 60 minutes of exposure. Results: There were a significant difference in the viability of human ejaculate sperm exposed to anti-VDAC3 antiserum compared to preimmune serum at 0, 30, and 60 minutes (p = 0.001). In addition, there were a significant difference in the percentage of motility of ejaculated sperm that was exposed by anti-VDAC3 antiserum compared to preimmune serum at 0 and 30 minutes (p = 0.007; 0.001; respectively). Furthermore, percentage of motility of ejaculated sperm that was exposed by anti-VDAC3 antiserum compared to preimmune serum at 60 minutes and the effect of antiserum on the VAP, VSL, and VCL parameters did not show any difference (p>0.05). Conclusions: Anti-VDAC3 antibody could reduce ejaculated sperm motility parameters and decrease ejaculated sperm living cells

Abstrak :

Manifestasi klinis seseorang yang terinfeksi virus chikungunya (CHIKV) mirip dengan seseorang yang terinfeksi virus dengue (DENV) sehingga menyulitkan para praktisi kesehatan dalam melakukan diagnosis penyakit. Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT) telah memulai pengembangan kit diagnostik infeksi CHIKV berbasis protein rekombinan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan partikel CHIKV dalam serum darah. Penelitian sebelumnya, BPPT telah berhasil memproduksi serum antibodi poliklonal anti-CHIKV sebagai langkah awal pengembangan kit diagnostik. Penelitian kloning dan ekspresi gen envelope 2 (E2) virus chikungunya (CHIKV) Isolat Indonesia pada Saccharomyces cerevisiae merupakan penelitian lanjutan dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh plasmid rekombinan pYES2-E2 CHIKV dan untuk memperoleh protein rekombinan E2 yang diekspresikan oleh Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Protein rekombinan E2 yang dihasilkan akan diuji reaktivitasnya dengan menggunakan antibodi poliklonal anti-CHIKV yang telah diproduksi BPPT sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa plasmid rekombinan pYES2-E2 CHIKV telah berhasil diperoleh berdasarkan 2 metode verifikasi yaitu metode PCR dan metode digesti. Hasil analisis ekspresi protein dengan SDS PAGE menunjukkan pita protein pada berbagai macam ukuran. Analisis protein dengan western blotting memberikan hasil dengan munculnya pita protein pada kisaran ukuran 25--35 kDa. Protein rekombinan E2 CHIKV diduga telah berhasil diperoleh dan memerlukan pengujian lebih lanjut dengan menggunakan antibodi poliklonal anti-CHIKV.

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Diagnosis of people-infected chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is quite challenging since it has similar symptoms with dengue virus infection. Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT) had started the development of diagnostic kit chikungunya virus infection based on recombinant protein to improve the diagnosis of CHIKV infection. Previous research, BPPT had successfully produced policlonal antibody anti-CHIKV serum. Cloning and expression of envelope 2 (E2) gene chikungunya virus isolate from Indonesia in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is aimed to produce recombinant plasmid pYES2-E2 CHIKV and to produce recombinant protein E2 expressed by S. cerevisiae.  The results were recombinant plasmid pYES2-E2 CHIKV had successfully achieved based on 2 verification methods (PCR and digestion method). Protein expression analysis by western blotting gave result a single band appearance suspected E2 CHIKV protein with molecule size ranged from 25 to 35 kDa. Sample which positively contains recombinant protein E2 CHIKV is continued to test its reactivity with policlonal antibody anti-CHIKV serum which had previously produced by BPPT.

Abstrak :
Latar belakang: Metode konvensional untuk mengkonfirmasi infeksi HIV ialah Western blot. Namun, western blot memiliki keterbatasan yaitu kontaminasi dengan antigen selular manusia dan masalah perbedaan genetik di antara subtipe HIV-1 yang menyebabkan hasil indeterminate dan ketidakakuratan diagnosis infeksi HIV-1 subtipe CRF01_AE yang dominan di Indonesia. Pemeriksaan western blot yang tersedia di Indonesia ialah untuk diagnosis infeksi HIV-1/2 dan tidak bersifat spesifik strain. Metodologi: Pada penelitian ini digunakan protein p24 rekombinan sebagai antigen pada western blot. Dilakukan optimasi ekspresi protein p24 rekombinan HIV-1 CRF01_AE pada Escherichia coli BL21CP dan purifikasi serta western blot untuk mendapatkan informasi awal mengenai reaktivitasnya terhadap serum ODHA di Indonesia. Optimasi ekspresi dilakukan terhadap lama waktu induksi, konsentrasi IPTG, dan suhu induksi. Purifikasi dilakukan dengan metode immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC) dan sistem purifikasi Ni-NTA [Qiagen] pada kondisi native dengan optimasi pada konsentrasi imidazole dalam wash buffer. Hasil: Konfirmasi protein rekombinan dengan western blot menunjukkan bahwa ekspresi dan purifikasi protein p24 rekombinan telah optimal dan reaktif terhadap serum pasien HIV-1 positif di Indonesia. Kesimpulan: Protein p24 rekombinan dari penelitian ini dapat dikembangkan untuk uji diagnostik western blot berdasarkan subtipe CRF01_AE yang dominan di Indonesia. ......Background: Conventional method for confirmation of HIV infection is western blot. However, western blot has limitation of contamination by human cellular antigen and genetic diversity matter among the HIV-1 subtypes that showed indeterminate result and inaccuracy for the diagnosis of HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE infection predominantly in Indonesia. The western blot available in Indonesia is for diagnosis of HIV-1/2 which is not strain spesific. This research performed the p24 recombinant protein as the antigen in western blot. Methods: We conducted the optimization in expression of p24 recombinant protein of HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE in Escherichia coli BL21CP and purification and the confirmation by the western blot to obtain initial information about the reactivity of this recombinant protein with ODHA (people with HIV/AIDS) in Indonesia. Expression optimization administered in the induction time, IPTG consentration used, dan the induction temperature. The purification of the p24 recombinant protein carried with the immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC) method in Ni-NTA purification system [Qiagen] in native condition with optimization in the imidazole concentration used in the wash buffer. Result: The confirmation of recombinant protein by western blot showed the expression and purification of p24 recombinant protein has been optimized well and reactive with the Indonesian HIV-1 positive serum patient. Conclusion: This result indicated the p24 recombinant protein can be applied for the diagnostic assay development based on predominant HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE in Indonesia.

Abstrak :
Protein Jembrana Superficial Unit (JSU) dapat dijadikan sebagai vaksin untuk pengobatan penyakit Jembrana. Protein JSU, yang dikode oleh gen env, disisipkan ke dalam plasmid pGEX-6P1 dan diekspresikan melalui Escherichia coli strain BL21 sebagai inangnya. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk meneliti berbagai pengaruh konsentrasi IPTG terhadap ekspresi protein rekombinan JSU pGEX-6P1. Sel E. coli (pembawa konstruk pGEX-6P1) ditumbuhkan pada medium Luria Betani (LB) cair 50 ml dan diinkubasi pada shaker incubator hingga mencapai kepadatan sel (OD) OD600 0,6. Induksi Isopropyl-β-Dthiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) selama 1 jam dengan tiga konsentrasi perlakuan, yaitu 100 μM, 150 μM, dan 200 μM. Sel dipecah dengan dua metode, yaitu Freeze and thaw dan sonikasi kemudian pelet hasil pemecahan sel dikoleksi sebagai inclusion body. Solubilisasi protein dilakukan dengan menambahkan solubilize buffer pada pelet kemudian dilution buffer untuk tahap refolding. Protein dimurnikan melalui Gluthatione Sepharose 4B dengan metode batch capture. Hasil analisis SDS-PAGE menunjukkan ukuran protein JSU pGEX-6P1 yang tepat, yaitu ± 60 kDa pada setiap perlakuan (konsentrasi) IPTG. Pita pada induksi IPTG 100 μM terlihat lebih tebal dibandingkan dengan pita pada induksi 150 μM dan 200 μM. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa induksi IPTG 100 μM menghasilkan protein rekombinan JSU pGEX-6P1 yang optimal. ......Jembrana Superficial Unit (JSU) protein can be used as a vaccine material for controlling Jembrana disease. JSU protein that encoded by the env gene was inserted into the plasmid pGEX-6P1 and expressed through the Escherichia coli strain of BL21 as a host. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of IPTG concentrations against the expression of JSU pGEX-6P1 recombinant protein. E. coli cells (pGEX-6P1 constructs carrier) were grown in 50 ml Luria Bertani (LB) liquid medium and was incubated on a shaker incubator until it reaches the cell density (OD) OD600 0.6. Induction of Isopropyl-β-Dthiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) for 1 hour with three concentrations of the treatment, there are 100 μM, 150 μM, and 200 μM. The cells was disrupted by two methods of cell lysis, Freeze and thaw and sonication, then the pellet was collected as inclusion body. Protein is solubilized by adding a buffer into the pellet and using dilution buffer for refolding step. Proteins purified using Gluthatione Sepharose 4B by batch capture method. The analysis of SDS-PAGE was shown exactly the protein size of JSU pGEX-6P1 ± 60 kDa for each treatment (concentration) IPTG. Band at 100 μM IPTG induction seems thicker than the band on the induction of 150 μM and 200 μM. The study was concluded that 100 μM IPTG induction produces an optimal of JSU pGEX-6P1 recombinant protein.

Abstrak :
Protein pol termasuk dalam tiga gen signifikan yang mengkode protein struktural HIV-1. Namun, sebagian besar tes diagnostik HIV hanya melibatkan dua produk HIV yang signifikan yaitu, protein Env atau Gag, yang berarti bahwa sebagian besar tes diagnosa HIV dilakukan atau dikembangkan menggunakan antigen yang sama. Hal ini pada akhirnya dapat menghasilkan hasil positif palsu yang berulang jika ada antibodi yang bereaksi silang karena sebagian besar tes disiapkan hanya dengan antigen umum yang sama. Solusi untuk masalah ini adalah mengembangkan uji diagnostik alternatif yang berbeda menggunakan antigen utama lain, seperti protein Pol. Salah satu produk protein Pol, enzim Integrase, termasuk dalam salah satu protein imunogenik HIV, yang berarti dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan spesifisitas tes diagnostik HIV. Menggunakan protein Pol Immunodominant 2 (Pol ID2), sebuah protein yang terdiri dari Integrase dan RNAse H, yang sudah dikembangkan sebelumnya menggunakan subtipe HIV-1 yang paling menonjol di Indonesia (HIV-1 CRF01_AR), penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pengetahuan tentang kondisi optimal untuk mengekspresikan protein rekombinan Pol ID2 dalam plasmid pQE-80L Escherichia coli (E. coli) dengan harapan dapat berkontribusi terhadap pengembangan dan peningkatan kemandirian tes diagnostik HIV-1 di Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode desain studi eksperimental analitik. Dalam penelitian ini, protein rekombinan Pol Immunodominant 2 (ID2) dalam plasmid pQE-80L E. coli diekspresikan pada beberapa variabel media kultur, konsentrasi penginduksi, dan waktu induksi. Kultur ekspresi divisualisasikan menggunakan elektroforesis SDS PAGE dan didokumentasikan menggunakan mesin ImageQuant Las 4000. Meskipun tidak ada analisis statistik yang dilakukan, software analisis gel Image Lab 6.1 digunakan untuk menganalisis, mengukur, dan mendapatkan rasio kuantitas absolut dari konsentrasi protein pada setiap variabel. Hasil: Protein rekombinan Pol ID2 yang diperoleh dari HIV-1 subtipe CFR01_AE dapat diekspresikan secara optimal menggunakan media Terrific Broth dengan menggunakan 1mM Isopropil- beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) selama 3 jam induksi. Kesimpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa plasmid pQE80L-Pol ID2 yang sebelumnya sudah dikembangkan di laboratorium PRVKP FKUI-RSCM dapat mengekspresikan protein rekombinan Pol ID2 dari HIV-1 subtipe CFR01_AR yang dikembangkan di bawah laboratorium yang sama. Protein dapat diekspresikan secara optimal dalam media kultur Terrific Broth menggunakan IPTG 1mM selama 3 jam induksi pada suhu 37oC. ......Background: Pol protein is included in the three significant genes that encode a structural protein of HIV-1. However, most HIV diagnostic tests involve only the two significant HIV products, Env or Gag protein, which means that most manufacturers use the same antigen sequence to develop these tests. This may eventually result in repetitive false-positive results if there is any cross-reacting antibody since the test is prepared only with the same common antigens. A solution to this problem is developing a different alternative diagnostic assay using a different major antigen such as Pol genes. One of the Pol gene products, viral enzyme integrase, is included in one of the immunogenic proteins of HIV, meaning that it may be used to improve the specificity of HIV diagnostic assays. Using a previously generated Pol Immunodominant 2 (Pol ID2) protein, comprised of Integrase and RNAseH, obtained from the most prominent HIV-1 subtype in Indonesia (HIV-1 CRF01_AR), this research aims to gain knowledge regarding the optimal conditions to express Pol ID2 recombinant protein in pQE-80L plasmid of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in hopes to contribute towards the development and self-reliance of HIV-1 diagnostic tests in Indonesia. Experimental, analytical study design was used for this research. The Recombinant Pol Immunodominant 2 (ID2) protein in the pQE-80L plasmid of E. coli was expressed under several variables of culture media, inducer concentration, and induction time. The expression culture was visualized using SDS PAGE and documented using ImageQuant Las 4000 machine. Although no statistical analysis was done, Image Lab 6.1 gel analysis software was used to analyze, quantify, and obtain the absolute quantity ratio of protein concentration of each variable. Result: Pol ID2 recombinant protein obtained from HIV-1 subtype CFR01_AE are optimally expressed using Terrific Broth media using 1mM Isopropyl-beta-D-hiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) for 3 hours of induction. Conclusion: It could be concluded that pQE80L-Pol ID2 plasmid previously developed in IHVCB FMUI-RSCM Laboratory can express Pol ID2 recombinant protein from HIV-1 subtype CFR01_AR that is constructed under the same laboratory. The protein expression is optimized in Terrific Broth culture media using 1mM IPTG inducer for 3 hours of induction in 37oC.

Abstrak :
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major infectious diseases that cause health problems worldwide. Antigen 85B is a secreted protein of the infectious strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Our main focus is on production of proteins as a booster vaccine to replace the traditional Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmetter-Guerin (BCG) vaccine formula. The main challenge is to express a high yield of an active recombinant protein in native soluble form. To the extent of our knowledge, the cultivation conditions, such as optimal temperature, for overexpressing soluble Ag85B protein of the gene Rv1886c, have never been reported. This study showed for the first time the optimizing culturing conditions for inducing expression of soluble Ag85B protein by isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS. Protein yields were higher at a low temperature of 25 °C (for 12 h), compared to those at a high temperature of 37 °C (for 5 h). To conclude, low temperature is associated with slow expression which allows the protein to adopt a well-folded conformation and provides a high yield of soluble recombinant protein.

Abstrak :
Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan antibodi poliklonal kelinci yang distimulasi oleh protein rekombinan globular head neuraminidase (NA) dan mengukur titer antibodi poliklonal. Protein rekombinan globular head NA berhasil diekspresikan secara intraseluler pada sel E.coli BL21 codon plus dengan induksi IPTG 0,1 mM dan dipurifikasi menggunakan resin Ni-NTA. Protein rekombinan globular head NA yang telah dipurifikasi digunakan sebagai antigen untuk menstimulasi antibodi poliklonal kelinci. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah dihasilkan antibodi poliklonal terhadap globular head neuraminidase dan titer antibodi paling tinggi dihasilkan sebesar 1,352.

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The aim of this study was to determine rabbit polyclonal antibody stimulated by neuraminidase (NA) globular head recombinant protein and also to measure the polyclonal antibody titer. NA globular head recombinant protein has been expressed in E.coli BL21 codon plus intracellularly induced by 0,1 mM IPTG and has been purified by Ni-NTA resin. The purified of NA globular head recombinant was used as antigen to stimulate rabbit polyclonal antibody. The result shows that rabbit polyclonal antibody of neuraminidase globular head was produced and the highest antibody titer was 1,352.

Abstrak :
Dengue virus (DENV) merupakan virus dalam kelas Flaviviridae yang menyebabkan demam berdarah dengue. Tingkat infeksi DENV global diperkirakan mencapai 390 juta jiwa per tahun, menjadikannya salah satu dari 10 ancaman kesehatan dunia. Dengue ditularkan oleh nyamuk Aedes di pusat kota tropis dan subtropis, termasuk Indonesia. Nanobodi yang mengenali antigen NS1 DENV menjadi potensi alat uji diagnostik dengue karena sifatnya yang lebih stabil dan lebih mudah dimanipulasi serta diproduksi daripada antibodi konvensional. Pada penelitian ini, nanobodi anti-NS1 varian DD7 diekspresikan pada E. coli BL21(DE3). Untuk menentukan kondisi induksi yang optimal, metode permukaan respon berdasarkan desain eksperimen Box-Behnken digunakan. Sebanyak 15 eksperimen dilakukan untuk menyelidiki pengaruh suhu induksi, konsentrasi IPTG, dan durasi induksi terhadap berat kering biomassa dan konsentrasi nanobodi. Kondisi optimal ekspresi nanobodi anti-NS1 dicapai pada suhu induksi 32,156 °C, konsentrasi IPTG 0,535 mM, dan durasi induksi 3,556 jam dengan prediksi berat kering biomassa sebesar 233,253 mg dan konsentrasi nanobodi sebesar 0,437 mg/mL. Hasil optimasi pada penelitian ini dapat menjadi pertimbangan dalam penentuan parameter operasi pada produksi nanobodi anti-NS1 DD7 skala besar. ......Dengue virus (DENV) is a virus in the class Flaviviridae that causes dengue fever. The global DENV infection rate is estimated at 390 million people per year, making it one of the top 10 global health threats. Dengue is transmitted by the Aedes mosquito in tropical and subtropical urban centers, including Indonesia. Nanobodies that recognize the NS1 DENV antigen become a potential dengue diagnostic tool because they are more stable and easier to manipulate and produce than conventional antibodies. In this study, anti-NS1 nanobody variant DD7 was expressed on E. coli BL21(DE3). To determine the optimal induction condition, response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken experimental design was employed. A total of 15 experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of induction temperature, IPTG concentration, and induction duration on dry biomass weight and nanobody concentration. The optimal conditions for the expression of anti-NS1 nanobodies were achieved at an induction temperature of 32,156 °C, IPTG concentration of 0.535 mM, and induction duration of 3,556 hours with a predicted dry biomass weight of 233,253 mg and nanobody concentration of 0.437 mg/mL. The optimization results in this study can be considered in selecting the operating parameters for large-scale production of anti-NS1 DD7 nanobodies.