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Hasil Pencarian

Ditemukan 7 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query
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Gabriel Andari Kristanto
"In various official terms in Indonesia, waste is often defined as residual material that its function and benefit has decreased to the minimum level. Meanwhile, increasing demand of raw materials drives higher cost of supply due to increasing extraction cost and limited supply. This situation encourages industries to be more innovative to reuse and recycle used materials. This research aims to analyze economic and environmental potential of municipal solid waste as a source of raw materials for industrial sector, especially in recycling industries. A recycling case study is conducted at a waste treatment unit in Depok, Indonesia where recyclable materials are highly variable in types and amount. One of key finding to increase percent of recyclable materials is to encourage waste separation at source either encouraging it by economic incentives or increasing environmental awareness among the households. Thus, this would simultaneously increasing amount and quality of wastes being recycled and at the end their price."
Lengkap +
Depok: Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, 2015
UI-IJTECH 6:2 (2015)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Prillia Aufa Adriani
"Lapangan minyak Erfolg telah dieksploitasi sejak tahun 1990 dan sekarang lapangan ini sedang masuk ke dalam tahap EOR dengan menggunakan injeksi air. Untuk memantau proses injeksi air ini digunakan metode seismik 4D. Pemantauan yang spesifik dilakukan pada reservoir batupasir 34-1. Reservoir ini yang memiliki area yang luas dengan cadangan minyak yang besar akan tetapi memiliki nilai recovery factor yang rendah dengan kondisi geologi yang kompleks. Pada studi ini digunakan data seismik yang diambil dari tiga tahun yang berbeda, yaitu 1991, 2000 dan 2004. Ekstraksi nilai amplitudo dilakukan sepanjang horizon reservoar pada semua data seismik 4D (1991, 2000, dan 2004) untuk melihat perubahan yang terjadi pada reservoir.
Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa terjadi kenaikan nilai amplitudo dari tahun 1991 ke tahun 2000 dan penurunan nilai amplitudo pada tahun 2000 ke tahun 2004. Kenaikan nilai amplitudo pada tahun 2000 diduga karena adanya akumulasi gas selama proses produksi akibat penurunan tekanan reservoir, sedangkan penurunan nilai amplitudo di tahun 2004 disebabkan reservoir telah tersaturasi air hasil injeksi. Proses Fluid Replacement Modeling (FRM) dilakukan untuk mengetahui besarnya perubahan kandungan fluida (gas, air, dan minyak) di reservoir pada masing-masing tahun.
Hasil FRM menunjukkan pada tahun 2000 gas menjenuhi hampir setengah bagian dari reservoir, sedangkan saturasi minyak mengalami penurunan sekitar 70 persen dari kondisi awal. Pada tahun 2004, hampir 60 persen reservoir jenuh oleh air dengan diikuti penurunan saturasi gas sebesar 30 persen dari tahun 2000. Hasil FRM ini memperkuat analisis peta amplitudo secara kuantitatif.

Erfolg oil field has been exploited since 1990 and now the field is being entered into EOR stage using water flood. 4D seismic methods was used to monitor the water flood project. Specific monitoring was performed at 34-1 sandstone reservoir. This reservoir has a large area with huge oil reserves, but has a low recovery factor with complex geological conditions.The seismic data used in this study were acquired from three different years, i.e., 1991, 2000 and 2004. Amplitude values extraction was carried out along the reservoir horizon on all 4D seismic data (1991, 2000, and 2004) to see the reservoir changes.
The result shows there are an increase of amplitude value from year 1991 to 2000 and a decrease of amplitude value from year 2000 to 2004. The increase of amplitude value in 2000 is allegedly caused by the gas accumulation during production process due to reservoir pressure decline, while decreasing of amplitude value in 2004 is because the reservoir has saturated by water as an effect of water flood project. Fluid Replacement Modeling (FRM) was performed to define how much the fluid content (gas, oil, and water) of the reservoir changes by years.
FRM result shows in 2000 the gas content is increase and saturate half of the reservoir, while the oil saturation is decrease up to 70 percent from its initial condition. In 2004, the reservoir was almost 60 percent saturated by water and followed by a decrease of gas saturation by 30 percent from year 2000. FRM results reinforce the analysis of the amplitude map quantitatively.
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Lengkap +
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 2013
S44493
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Tri Antoro Ade Nugroho
"[ABSTRAK
Lapangan AAA merupakan salah satu lapangan gas terbesar di Indonesia yang terletak di delta mahakam, Kalimantan Timur. Karakteristik reservoir bagian dangkal lapangan ini berupa batuan pasir dengan lingkungan pengendapan deltaic distributary channel. Cadangan gas merupakan faktor jaminan pasokan gas selama kontrak, akan terus dimonitor baik pada kondisi ekplorasi (metoda perhitungan cadangan secara analog, volumetrik) hingga saat produksi (material
balance) dengan tujuan untuk memperkirakan cadangan yang lebih pasti selaras dengan cara memproduksinya dan tindakan apa yang perlu dilakukan dalam memperpanjang usia produksi lapangan gas.
Model statik digunakan untuk perhitungan cadangan volumetrik serta data produksi kumulatif sebagai validator. Kumulatif produksi reservoir tersebut sudah melebihi ekspektasi IGIP awal pada saat proposal pengeboran dengan metode perhitungan gas in place menggunakan metode seismik. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan analisa dan evaluasi reservoir tersebut dari analisa statik model geologi maupun dinamik. Berdasarkan analisa statik dan dinamis pada reservoir tersebut masih terdapat potensi gas yang dapat di produksikan. Dinamik sintesis
menggunakan pendekatan material balance dengan aquifer model. Pada reservoar ini dominan tenaga dorong aktif adalah strong wáter drive. Dari analisa dinamik material balance menyebutkan bahwa sisa potensi gas (remaining reserves) yang dapat diproduksikan sebesar 8% untuk reservor A166, dan 24% untuk reservoar A181. Prediksi produksi gas juga menggunakan model sumur dengan bantuan PROSPERTM yaitu analisa aliran gas didalam lubang sumur, prediksi PROSPERTM produksi awal akan berkisar 7MMscf pada A166 dan 4MMscf pada A181 dan akan secara gradual turun sepanjang penurunan tekanan. Dengan perolehan recovery factor (RF) berkisar 65-70%.

ABSTRACT
AAA field is one of the largest gas fields in Indonesia, which is located in the Mahakam delta, East Kalimantan. Reservoir characteristics of these shallow zone is sandstone with deltaic distributary channel depositional environment. Gas reserves are the main factors for gas supply during the contract , will continue to be monitored both exploration conditions (analogous calculation methods, volumetric) until the time of production (material balance) with the aim of estimating reserves is more definitely aligned in a way to produce it and what action needs to be extend the life of the production is done in the gas field. The static model used for the calculation of volumetric reserves and cumulative production data as a validator. The reservoir cumulative production has exceeded initial expectations of IGIP during drilling proposal with calculating gas in place using seismic methods. It is therefore necessary to analyze and evaluate the reservoir with geological model static analysis and dynamic analysis. Based on static and dynamic analysis on the reservoir there is still potential gas can be produced. Dynamic synthesis approach using material balance with aquifer model. In this reservoir drive mechanism dominant is strong water drive. Dynamic analysis of Material balance concluded that the gas reserves (remaining reserves) which can be produced by 8 % for A166 reservoir, and 24 % for A181 reservoir. Prediction of gas production also use the well model using PROSPERTM to analized gas flow analysis in the wellbore, PROSPERTM prediction initial production will range 7MMscf on the A166 and A181 with 4MMscf will gradually declind along the pressure drop. With the acquisition of the ultimate recovery factor (RF) ranges from 65-70 %., AAA field is one of the largest gas fields in Indonesia, which is located in
the Mahakam delta , East Kalimantan . Reservoir characteristics of these shallow
zone is sandstone with deltaic distributary channel depositional environment. Gas
reserves are the main factors for gas supply during the contract , will continue to
be monitored both exploration conditions (analogous calculation methods,
volumetric) until the time of production (material balance) with the aim of
estimating reserves is more definitely aligned in a way to produce it and what
action needs to be extend the life of the production is done in the gas field .
The static model used for the calculation of volumetric reserves and
cumulative production data as a validator. The reservoir cumulative production
has exceeded initial expectations of IGIP during drilling proposal with calculating
gas in place using seismic methods. It is therefore necessary to analyze and
evaluate the reservoir with geological model static analysis and dynamic analysis .
Based on static and dynamic analysis on the reservoir there is still potential gas
can be produced. Dynamic synthesis approach using material balance with aquifer
model. In this reservoir drive mechanism dominant is strong water drive .
Dynamic analysis of Material balance concluded that the gas reserves
(remaining reserves) which can be produced by 8 % for A166 reservoir , and 24 %
for A181 reservoir . Prediction of gas production also use the well model using
PROSPERTM to analized gas flow analysis in the wellbore, PROSPERTM
prediction initial production will range 7MMscf on the A166 and A181 with
4MMscf will gradually declind along the pressure drop. With the acquisition of
the ultimate recovery factor (RF) ranges from 65-70 %.]"
Lengkap +
Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 2015
T44243
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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"Most of Indonesian oil field had been categorized as mature filed in which production had been declined for some time. Therefore EOR technology is a must to be implemented to these kinds of field. There are several EOR technologies had been employed successfully in laboratory and also field scales, including gas, thermal, and chemical infection."
620 SCI 37:1 (2014)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Ahmad Patoni
"ABSTRAK
Setelah berproduksi selama 10 tahun kemampuan alir tujuh sumur gas di Lapangan B berkurang secara alamiah dengan turunnya laju alir dan tekanan. Penurunan setiap sumur tidak seragam dipengaruhi oleh jenis reservoir dan kondisi sub-surface, akibatnya produksi gas tidak maksimal. Permasalahan diatasi dengan menurunankan tekanan abandonment sumur untuk mengurangi back pressure dari surface facility. Metode ini diaplikasikan dengan cara merekayasa skema produksi sumur. Simulasi untuk memprediksikan laju alir, tekanan dan menghitung kumulatif produksi serta Recovery Factor selama tahun 2018-2028 pada tiga skenario yaitu : Skenario 1, base case, yaitu gas diproduksikan dengan initial deliverability sumur hingga mencapai tekanan abandonment pertama pada 600 psi ; Skenario 2, header case, yaitu memasang header baru dengan operating pressure yang lebih rendah dari existing header ; Skenario 3, low pressure case, yaitu melakukan penurunan tekanan abandonment sampai sebesar 250 psi setara dengan suction presure Gas Compressor. Hasil simulasi diperoleh total kumulatif produksi Gp dan Recovery Factor RF masing-masing adalah sebagai berikut ; Skenario 1 Gp = 415 BCF, RF = 65,5 ; Skenario 2 Gp = 493 BCF, RF = 77,9 ; Skenario 3 Gp = 495 BCF, RF = 78,2 . Skenario 3 mampu menghasilkan produksi gas dan financial income paling maksimal karena dapat meningkatkan kemampuan alir gas semua sumur di Lapangan B sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Skenario 3 direkomendasikan untuk diimplementasikan.

ABSTRACT
After producing for 10 years the deliverability of seven gas wells in Field B is naturally declined with a decrease in flow rate and pressure. The decrease in each well is not uniformly influenced by the reservoir type and sub surface conditions that caused gas production is not maximal. The problem is solved by lowering the well abandonment pressure to reduce the back pressure effect of the surface facility. This method is applied by modifying the well operating scheme. Simulations were performed to predict gas flow rates, pressures, cumulative gas production and Recovery Factor during 2018 2028 on three scenarios which is Scenario 1 , base case, that gas is naturally produced according to the well initial deliverability until it reaches the first abandonment pressure at 600 psi 2 , header case, ie installing a new header with operating pressure lower than the existing header 3 , low pressure case, ie lowering abandonment pressure down to 250 psi. Simulation resulted as follows Scenario 1 Gp 415 BCF RF 65.5 Scenario 2 Gp 493 BCF RF 77.9 Scenario 3 Gp 495 BCF RF 78.2 . Since Scenario 3 is able to produce maximum gas production and financial income due to improving all gas well deliverability in Field B, it can be concluded that Scenario 3 is recommended to be implemented."
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2018
T51632
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Aprilya Utami
"Lapangan RR merupakan lapangan minyak yang baru diakuisisi oleh Indonesia yang terletak di Cekungan Sumatera Tengah. Sebagai cadangan energi baru Lapangan RR diharuskan untuk mempercepat investasinya dalam menjaga dan meningkatkan produksi. Dengan menggunakan metode volumetrik, total OOIP adalah 118,51 MMSTB yang dihitung berdasarkan tiap lapisan dalam struktur lapangan RR, dan total produksi minyak hingga 2019 adalah 31,10 MMSTB dengan nilai RF sebesar 27,20%. Dari hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan hingga tahun 2029, total sisa cadangan di lapangan RR adalah 1207,83 MSTB, dan total EUR adalah 3,2 MMSTB. Lapisan dengan nilai sisa cadangan terbesar terdapat pada lapisan MN4850 sebesar 285,24 MSTB dengan nilai EUR terbesar sebesar 9,7 MMSTB. Lapisan dengan nilai sisa cadangan terkecil terdapat pada lapisan BN4610 dengan nilai 51,8 MSTB dengan nilai EUR terkecil sebesar 0,5 MMSTB. Dari hasil decline curve, dilakukan peramalan produksi pada 5 skenario yang telah dibuat. Pemilihan skenario kelima yaitu Base Case (BC) + Work Over (WO) + penambahan 21 sumur (infill well) + injeksi 2 (Convert to Injector (CTI) + 5 sumur inj baru) merupakan skenario terbaik yang dapat dipilih karena memiliki tambahan nilai recovery factor sebesar 11,5% dari initial recovery factor 26,3% menjadi 37,8%, serta peningkatan produksi sebesar 13,56 MMSTB menjadi 44,76 MMSTB.

The RR field is an oil field recently acquired by Indonesia in the Central Sumatra Basin. As a new energy reserve, the RR Field is required to accelerate its investment in maintaining and increasing production. Using the volumetric method, the total OOIP is 118.51 MMSTB which is calculated based on each layer in the RR field structure, and total oil production until 2019 is 31.10 MMSTB with a RF value of 27.20%. From the analysis results that have been carried out until 2029, the total remaining reserves are 1207.83 MSTB, and the total EUR is 3.2 MMSTB. The layer with the largest remaining reserve value is the MN4850 layer of 285.24 MSTB, with the largest EUR value of 9.7 MMSTB. The layer with the smallest remaining reserve value is found in the BN4610 layer, with a value of 51.8 MSTB and the smallest EUR value of 0.5 MMSTB. From the decline curve analysis results, production forecasting is carried out on the 5 scenarios that have been made. Selection of the fifth scenario, namely Base Case (BC) + Work Over (WO) + 21 infill well + injection 2 (Convert to Injector (CTI) + 5 new injection wells), is the best scenario that can be selected because it has an additional recovery value factor of 11,5% from the initial recovery factor 26,3% to 37.8%, and an increase in production of 13,56 MMSTB to 44,76 MMSTB."
Lengkap +
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2023
T-pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Sumadi Paryoto
"Meningkatnya permintaan produk minyak bumi dan penurunan tekanan alami sumur selama produksi minyak membawa fokus industri minyak ke pengembangan dan peningkatan teknik pengurasan minyak tahap lanjut atau Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). Dari berbagai jenis teknik EOR, chemical enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) merupakan salah satu jenis metode untuk peningkatan produksi tahap lanjut dengan menggunakan bahan kimia untuk mendapatkan tingkat pengurasan minyak yang tinggi. Secara umum, metode CEOR terdiri dari beberapa tipe antara lain adalah injeksi sumur dengan menggunakan surfaktan sebagai bahan aktif. Untuk mendapatkan recovery minyak yang tinggi diperlukan pemilihan surfaktan yang disesuaikan dengan karakter batuan dan fluida reservoir, juga kombinasi surfaktan dengan bahan yang lain misalnya nanopartikel. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari sinergitas dalam pengaplikasian antara surfaktan dan nanopartikel Fe3O4 dalam proses EOR. Hasil dari pengujian menunjukkan bahwa dari kombinasi 3 jenis surfaktan menunjukkan interfacial tension (IFT) dan phase behavior yang baik adalah kombinasi 75%S11: 25%S20. Larutan surfaktan tersebut pada konsentrasi 4% dan ditambahkan nanopartikel Fe3O4 sebesar 0,01 wt% menunjukkan kestabilan yang paling baik dan IFT yang kecil. Pada pengujian coreflooding, kombinasi surfaktan 75%S11:25%S20 yang ditambahkan nanopartikel Fe3O4 0,01 wt% memberikan penambahan perolehan recovery factor sebesar 5,09% OOIP (17,8% ROIP). Penambahan ini cukup besar dikarenakan recovery factor sebelumnya dengan waterflooding dan surfaktan sudah tercapai sebesar 71,40% OOIP. Total recovery factor yang didapatkan sebesar 76,52% OOIP.

The increasing demand for petroleum products and the natural pressure drop in wells during oil production has brought the oil industry's focus to the development and improvement of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) techniques. Of the various types of EOR techniques, chemically enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) is one method for increasing production at an advanced stage using chemicals to obtain a high level of oil extraction. The CEOR method generally consists of several types, including good injection using surfactants as active ingredients. In order to obtain high oil recovery, it is necessary to select a surfactant that is adjusted to the characteristics of the rock and reservoir fluids, as well as a combination of surfactants with other materials, such as nanoparticles. Therefore, this study aims to study the synergy in applying surfactants and Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the EOR process. The results of the tests showed that the combination of the three types of surfactants showed good IFT and phase behaviour, namely the combination 75%S11: 25%S20. The surfactant solution at a concentration of 4% and 0.01 wt% Fe3O4 nanoparticles added showed the best stability and the smallest IFT. In the core flooding test, the surfactant combination 75%S11:25%S20 added with 0.01 wt% Fe3O4 nanoparticles gave an additional recovery factor of 5.09% OOIP (17.8% ROIP). This addition is large because the previous recovery factor with waterflooding and surfactants has reached 71.40% OOIP. The total recovery factor obtained was 76.52% OOIP."
Lengkap +
Depok: Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia, 2023
T-pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library