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"We use an electromagnetic plating system based on the electric and magnetic field to reduce the Fe and Mn concentrations on deep well water. The parameters in this research are solenoide current and voltage difference between electrodes. The results shows that for uncovered electrodes, optimal condition is reached at solenoide when current is 4 ampere. Meanwhile, the voltage optimal condition is reached when voltage is 4 volt. For coated electrodes (flexi glass) the optimal concentration of Fe is reached at solenoide when current is 4 ampere. While for variation of voltage the optimal concentration Fe is reached when voltage is 4 volt."

"Selama ini, produksi nikel selalu menggunakan bijih sulfida sebagai bahan-bakunya. Padahal Indonesia memiliki cadangan bijih laterit yang kaya, namun cadangan laterit di Indonesia belum diolah secara maksimal. Hal tersebut terjadi karena proses pemurnian laterit membutuhkan biaya yang besar, hal ini dipicu oleh banyaknya energi yang dibutuhkan serta kerumitan dalam proses pemisahan logam pengotor. Dibutuhkan tahap pra-reduksi atau peningkatan kadar nikel dalam konsentrat agar dapat memaksimalkan proses pemurnian nikel. Salah satu metodenya adalah dengan melakukan reduksi karbotermik serta penambahan aditif untuk mengoptimalkan proses reduksi. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan studi pengaruh waktu reduksi, temperatur reduksi, dan kadar reduktor arang cangkang sawit dalam reduksi serta penambahan Na2SO4 sebagai aditif. Hasil reduksi kemudian dilakukan pengujian XRF dan XRD, serta pengamatan mikrostruktur dengan mikroskop optik dan SEM. Hasilnya pada kondisi yang optimal kadar dan perolehan nikel mampu ditingkatkan mencapai 4.601 dan 73.23 . Kondisi optimal untuk melakukan proses reduksi tersebut adalah pada temperatur 1150oC, kadar reduktor 5 wt. , dan waktu reduksi 60 menit.

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During this time, nickel sulfide ore is the main choice for nickel production. Whereas Indonesia has rich laterite ore deposits, but the reserves in Indonesia have not been processed optimally. This happens because the laterite purification process requires a large cost, due to energy required and the complexity in the process of separation of impurity minerals. A pre reduction or nickel grade promoting process is needed to maximize the nickel purification process. One of the methods used is the selective carbothermic reduction process with the addition of an additive to optimize the process.

This research studied the effect of reduction time, reduction temperature, and grade of palm kernel shell charcoal as the reductor in the reduction process and addition of Na2SO4 as additive. The results of the reduction process are then tested XRF and XRD, as well as observations of microstructures with optical microscopy and SEM. The result on optimal condition of nickel content and recovery can be increased to reach 4,601 and 73.23 . The optimum conditions for the reduction process are at a temperature of 1150oC, 5 wt. reductors, and a reduction time of 60 min."

"Suatu konsep baru sistem penghilangan merkuri yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini adalah merubah bentuk organomerkuri ke bentuk yang dapat di adsorp dengan cara impregnasi zeolit dengan senyawaan reduktor SnCl2. Adsorben Zeolit/SnCl2 di preparasi pada komposisi yang berbeda, mengandung 0,5 ? 10 % SnCl2 dalam adsorben. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan keberadaan Sn(II) pada permukaan zeolit dengan tidak merusak struktur zeolit. Hasil uji adsorpsi menunjukkan komposisi optimum adsorben adalah Zeolit/SnCl2 0,5 % wt dengan luas permukaan 15,72 m2/g. Zeolit klinoptilolit aktif tanpa impregnasi memberikan efisiensi adsorpsi 25,59 % dan pada Zeolit/SnCl2 0,5% wt efisiensi adsorpsinya sebesar 54,70 %. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa penambahan SnCl2 dalam zeolit klipnotilolit aktif mampu meningkatkan efisiensi kemampuan adsorpsi merkuri dalam minyak mentah.

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A new concept of mercury removal system has been developed in this study is to change organomercury shape into a form that can be adsorp by impregnating clinoptilolite zeolite with SnCl2 as reductor. Preparation of clinoptilolite zeolite/SnCl2 adsorbent with different compositions, contain 0.5 - 10% SnCl2 in the adsorbent. Characterization results showed the presence of Sn(II) on the surface of the clinoptilolite zeolite with no damage to structure of clinoptilolite zeolite. Adsorption test carried out using a batch reactor to determine the ability of an adsorbent which has been in preparation. Test results showed the optimum adsorbent composition is 0.5 wt% Zeolit/SnCl2 with a surface area of 15.72 m2/g. Adsorption without impregnation of the actived clipnotilolite zeolite provided adsorption efficiency of 25.59 % and 0.5% wt Zeolit/SnCl2 adsorption efficiency of 54.70%. These results indicate that the addition of SnCl2 in the actived zeolite clinoptilolite be able to increase the efficiency of adsorption performance of mercury in crude oil."