Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Gereja digunakan sebagai tempat ibadah bagi komunitas Kristen & Katolik, di mana kegiatan seperti berkhotbah, berdoa dan menyayi berlangsung. Akustik dalam arsitektur itu penting karena kegiatan yang dilakukan di dalam gereja di antara komunitas-komunitas besar. Skripsi ini akan didasarkan pada dua gereja yaitu Katedral dan Gereja St. Immanuel, Jakarta Pusat dimana pemeriksaan dan studi struktur interior akan dilakukan untuk memahami pekerjaan akustik di dalamnya. Pengaturan dan bagaimana ruangnya, juga memainkan peran penting karena dapat memengaruhi gelombang suara. Analisis bagaimana ruang interior bulat dan persegi panjang serta posisi kursi akan dilakukan, untuk memahami bagaimana suara menyebar di dalam ruangan. Bahan bangunan juga penting karena memainkan peran penting baik sebagai reflektor, penyerap atau resonator yang mempengaruhi kekuatan, frekuensi dan gema suara di dalam. Ini penting karena suara yang dianggap sudah volume maksimum dapat merusak telinga manusia dan juga bisa menjadi polusi suara bagi orang lain yang tidak ada di dalam gereja. Sebaliknya, kebisingan dari luar bisa menjadi gangguan bagi orang yang di dalam Gereja sehingga analisis tentang bagaimana bangunan membatasinya dari itu akan dilakukan juga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kualitas akustik kedua Gereja yang dipilih untuk memahami bagaimana perbedaan dimensi, bentuk dan bahan mempengaruhi akustiknya. Dengan demikian akustik gereja penting karena memiliki korelasi yang kuat dengan kegiatan yang dilakukan di dalamnya.

---

Church is used as a place of worship for the Christian and Catholic community, where activities such as preaching, praying and singing takes place in. The architectural acoustics is important due to the activities done inside the church among the big community. This paper will be based on two churches which are the Cathedral and St. Emmanuel Church, Central Jakarta where examination and studies of the interior structure will be done to understand the work of acoustics within. Arrangements and how the space is, also plays an important role as it might affect the sound-wave. Analyzing how the round and rectangular interior space as well as the seat positioning will be done, to understand how the sound spread within the room. Materials of the building is also important as it plays an important role as either reflectors, absorbent or resonators which effect the strength, frequency and reverberation of the sound inside. This is important because sound that is seen as the maximum volume can destruct the human’s ears and could even end up being a noise pollution for others that are not inside the church. The other way around too, noise from outside could be a disturbance for the people inside the Church so analysis on how the building confine itself away from it will be done too. This paper aims to compare the acoustics quality of the two chosen Churches to understand how the difference in dimension, form and materials effects the acoustics. Thus the acoustics of the church is important as it has a strong correlation with the activities that is done within. Church is used as a place of worship for the Christian and Catholic community, where activities such as preaching, praying and singing takes place in. The architectural acoustics is important due to the activities done inside the church among the big community. This paper will be based on two churches which are the Cathedral and St. Emmanuel Church, Central Jakarta where examination and studies of the interior structure will be done to understand the work of acoustics within."

"Gas hidrat merupakan sumberdaya energi potensial di masa yang akan datang dimana potensinya melebihi sumberdaya energi konvensional yang ada saat ini seperti minyak, gas dan batu bara. Dengan bertambahnya kebutuhan sumberdaya energi ini maka akan meningkatkan pula eksplorasi yang menjadikan minat riset di bidang ini terus berkembang.Bottom Simulating Reflector (BSR) muncul pada penampang seismik yang merupakan suatu indikasi akan hadirnya gas hidrat pada lapisan bawah permukaan laut. Kehadiran gas hidrat dapat meningkatkan velocity gelombang seismik yang melalui reservoar gas hidrat. Efek ini akan dapat memperlihatkan kenampakan kontras impedansi akustik antara hidrat yang terdapat pada sedimen dengan kecepatan rendah yang dihasilkan dari sedimen yang berisi gas yang dikenal sebagai Bottom Simulating Reflector (BSR) pada profil sedimen laut.Konsep AVO (Amplitudo Versus Offset) yang mengamati perubahan amplitudo terhadap offset dalam suatu data CDP gather dapat memberikan informasi adanya BSR yang berasosiasi dengan gas hidrat.Untuk mengetahui model geologi yang berasosiasi dengan BSR telah dibuat pemodelan seismik. Respon dari pemodelan seismik diamati berdasarkan konsep AVO analisis terutama pada angle gather yang mengindikasikan adanya BSR.

---

Gas hydrate is potential energy resources in the future which more potential than existing conventional energy resources like oil, gas and coal deposits. Increasing necessity of energy resources will increase interest of exploration so enthusiasms for research in this area will growth.

Bottom Simulating Reflector (BSR) appearance in seismic profile known as tool to identify the presence of gas hydrate in sea bed. The presence of gas hydrate will increase velocity of seismic wave through reservoir gas hydrate. This effect will make contrast acoustic impedance between gas hydrate bearing sediment with lower velocity from gas-filled sediment as known as bottom simulating reflector (BSR) in seabed profile.

AVO concept (amplitude Versus Offset) based on the amplitude variation with increasing offset can detect the existence of BSR which associated with gas hydrate.

Seismic modeling has been made to find out geological model which is associated with BSR. Response of seismic modeling can be determined base on AVO analysis concept particularly on angle gather which is indicating the existence of BSR."

"Reflector is used to increase the amount of solar radiation that the solar panels are exposed with, thus increasing the production of electric power. Parameters and I-V characteristic curve of a solar panel is strongly influenced by the amount of solar radiation received by the solar panels. This paper will discuss the effects of flat reflectors on the parameters and I-V characteristic curve of the solar panels. The parameters are solar radiation and temperature at solar panel, maximum power output (PMPP), voltage when PMPP is reached (VMPP), current when PMPP is reached (IMPP), short circuit current (ISC), open circuit voltage (VOC), and Fill Factor (FF). In this study, the types of reflector material are stainless steel mirror and aluminum foil. Reflector is placed beside solar panels. Reflector tilt angle was varied at 30, 45, 60, and 75 degrees. The measurement results show that the greatest increases in solar panel producing electric power are achieved at 75 degrees tilt angle. Aluminum foil reflector and stainless steel mirror can increase power output of solar panels until around 31.5 % and 21.5% respectively. In this tilt angle, for these two types of material reflector, VOC and VMPP tend not to change, ISC, IMPP, solar radiation and temperature on solar panel are increasing, whereas FF is decreasing around 4%. Changes in these parameters refer to the condition without a reflector."

"Energi terbarukan telah menjadi topik penting dalam beberapa tahun terakhir karena meningkatnya kekhawatiran tentang perubahan iklim dan keterbatasan energi fosil. Salah satu sumber energi terbarukan yang menjanjikan adalah energi matahari, yang dapat dimanfaatkan tanpa menghasilkan emisi zat sisa dan tersedia di seluruh tempat. Salah satu aplikasi pemanfaatan energi matahari adalah Solar Thermal Cooling System (STCS), yang menggantikan sistem pendingin konvensional yang menggunakan refrigeran sintetis dan berkontribusi terhadap emisi gas rumah kaca. Evacuated Tube Solar Collector (ETSC) adalah salah satu jenis kolektor surya yang digunakan untuk memanaskan air dan memiliki efisiensi lebih tinggi dibandingkan kolektor surya datar karena menggunakan tabung vakum yang mengurangi kehilangan panas. Pada penelitian ini, performa ETSC diuji dengan menggunakan reflector di bagian bawah tabung yang divariasikan jenisnya, yaitu pelat galvalum dan pelat aluminium, dengan standar ASHRAE 93-2003 sebagai referensi. Pengujian dilakukan pada sudut kolektor surya 15° dengan flowrate sebesar 2,6 LPM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ETSC dengan reflector aluminium memiliki efisiensi rata-rata tertinggi (63%), diikuti oleh ETSC dengan reflector galvalum (55%), dan ETSC tanpa reflector (50%). Penggunaan reflector aluminium meningkatkan efisiensi sebesar 13%, sementara reflector galvalum meningkatkan efisiensi sebesar 5%. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan reflector aluminium lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan efisiensi ETSC dibandingkan dengan reflector galvalum. Hasil penelitian efisiensi ETSC tanpa reflector ini memiliki nilai lebih rendah daripada nilai efisiensi dari standar pengujian perusahaann yang sebesar 75%. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor seperti perbedaan kondisi pengujian, kualitas peralatan, dan desain dan instalasi.

---

Renewable energy has become a significant topic in recent years due to growing concerns about climate change and the limitations of fossil energy. One promising source of renewable energy is solar energy, which can be harnessed without producing emissions and is available everywhere. One application of solar energy utilization is the Solar Thermal Cooling System (STCS), which replaces conventional cooling systems that use synthetic refrigerants and contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. The Evacuated Tube Solar Collector (ETSC) is a type of solar collector used to heat water and has higher efficiency compared to flat plate solar collectors because it uses vacuum tubes that reduce heat loss. In this study, the performance of ETSC was tested using reflectors at the bottom of the tubes with different types, namely galvalume plates and aluminum plates, with ASHRAE 93-2003 standards as a reference. The tests were conducted at a solar collector angle of 15° with a flow rate of 2,6 LPM. The results showed that ETSC with an aluminum reflector had the highest average efficiency (63%), followed by ETSC with a galvalume reflector (55%), and ETSC without a reflector (50%). The use of an aluminum reflector increased efficiency by 13%, while the galvalume reflector increased efficiency by 5%. Therefore, the use of an aluminum reflector is more effective in improving ETSC efficiency compared to the galvalume reflector. The efficiency results of ETSC without a reflector are lower than the company's standard test efficiency value of 75%. This can be caused by several factors such as differences in test conditions, equipment quality, and design and installation."

"Beam wander and spatial noise that are modulated on optical propagation produce noise modulation in the signal spectral before being received by a Photodetector (PD). In order to suppress noise modulation in the signal spectral, we present an Optical Spatial Filter (OSF) method that is composed of the cone reflector and a pinhole as a detection method. A cone reflector is designed to suppress beam wander in order to minimize temporal noise that fluctuates randomly and governs reflection of the deflected focus spot into the narrow region of pinhole. The pinhole governs the Fresnel diffraction in order to suppress spatial noise in the center of focus spot that undergoes fluctuation and random frequencies as well. Through simultaneous suppression in temporal noise caused by beam wander and spatial noise using the OSF method, noise modulation in the signal spectral can be minimized optimally. We compared the OSF with the Direct-Detection (DD) method by experimentation. The results of the experiment show significant improvements for noise suppression in the signal spectral. The average values of the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) increase, namely, 37.5 dB, 38.5 dB, 38.7 dB and 39.2 dB for pinhole diameters of 50 µm, 40 µm, 30 µm, and 20 µm, respectively."

"Gas hidrat secara alami terbentuk ketika molekul gas bebas terjebak di dalam kisi molekul air maka akan terbentuk padatan yang stabil yang bergantung pada suhu dan tekanan. Metode Bottom Simulating Reflector (BSR) dapat digunakan untuk melihat kenampakan kontras impedansi yang terjadi antara gas hidrat dengan keberadaan gas bebas yang berada di bawahnya. Karakteristik dari BSR yaitu amplitudo tinggi yang cukup kontras memotong struktur geologi serta dapat dilihat dari polaritas yang berbalik. Apabila dibawah BSR terdapat gas bebas, maka akan terjadi anomali kecepatan gelombang seismik dari tinggi ke rendah. Metode inversi Impedansi Akustik (AI) dengan metode model based dapat digunakan untuk menentukan nilai Impedansi Akustik serta kecepatan gas hidrat dan gas bebas dan menentukan keberadaan BSR di daerah Cekungan Bengkulu. Nilai p-wave BSR yang berkorelasi dengan gas hidrat berkisar antara 9000-10000 ft/s sedangkan nilai p-wave BSR yang berkorelasi dengan gas bebas berkisar antara 6500-7500 ft/s. Nilai Impedansi Akustik BSR yang berkorelasi dengan gas hidrat adalah antara 19.000-21.000 ft/s*g/cc, sedangkan nilai Impedansi Akustik BSR yang berkorelasi dengan gas bebas yang berada dibawahnya adalah antara 12000-14000 ft/s*g/cc. Dari hasil inversi model based, didapat bahwa BSR pada penelitian ini berada di Formasi Parigi dengan kedalaman BSR berkisar 1100-1300 meter di bawah dasar laut.

---

Gas hydrate is naturally formed when free gas molecules trapped in a lattice of water molecules it will form a stable solid which depends on temperature and pressure. Bottom Simulating Reflector (BSR) methods can be used to see the appearance of the impedance contrast that occurs between the gas hydrate with the presence of free gas beneath it. Characteristics of BSR is high amplitude contrast across geological structure as well as can be seen from the polarity is reversed. If there is free gas below the BSR, there will be a seismic wave velocity anomaly from high to low. The inversion method Acoustic Impedance (AI) with a model-based method can be used to determine the value of acoustic impedance and velocity of gas hydrate and free gas and can determine the presence of BSR in Bengkulu Basin area. The p-wave that BSR correlated with gas hydrate ranging from 9000-10000 ft / s, while the p-wave that BSR correlated with free gas ranged between 6500-7500 ft / s. The Acoustic Impedance that BSR correlated with the gas hydrate is between 19000-21000 ft / s*g / cc, while the Acoustic Impedance that BSR correlated with free gas that are below BSR is between 12000-14000 ft / s*g / cc. From the results of the inversion models based, found that the BSR in this study were in Parigi Formation with BSR depths ranging from 1100-1300 meters below the seabed."