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"Reinforcement learning encompasses both a science of adaptive behavior of rational beings in uncertain environments and a computational methodology for finding optimal behaviors for challenging problems in control, optimization and adaptive behavior of intelligent agents. As a field, reinforcement learning has progressed tremendously in the past decade.The main goal of this book is to present an up-to-date series of survey articles on the main contemporary sub-fields of reinforcement learning. This includes surveys on partially observable environments, hierarchical task decompositions, relational knowledge representation and predictive state representations. Furthermore, topics such as transfer, evolutionary methods and continuous spaces in reinforcement learning are surveyed. In addition, several chapters review reinforcement learning methods in robotics, in games, and in computational neuroscience. "

"Konsekuensi yang tegas dan konsisten dari orang tua merupakan hal yang penting dalam pengasuhan seorang anak, terutama di masa prasekolah. Tesis dengan desain penelitian single-case ini menggunakan modifikasi perilaku dengan metode differential reinforcement with response cost. Metode ini bertujuan melihat keefektifan dari perubahan konsekuensi untuk mengurangi frekuensi perilaku disruptive. Partisipan penelitian adalah anak perempuan berusia 4 tahun 4 bulan dan didiagnosis mengalami oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam sembilan sesi. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan differential reinforcement with response cost efektif menurunkan frekuensi perilaku disruptive. Hal ini terlihat dari observasi, wawancara, dan pengukuran child behavior checklist (CBCL).

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One of the important principles for parenting a child is clear and consistence consequences, especially on preschool age. This single case design study used behavior modification with differential reinforcement with response cost method. This method aimed to examine the effectiveness of modification consequences to reduce frequencies of disruptive behavior. Participant of this research is a four-year-four-month girl and diagnosed of having oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). This research was conducted for total nine sessions. The result indicated differential reinforcement with response cost effective to reduce frequencies of disruptive behavior. This result has been seen from observation, interview, and CBCL measurement as well."

"This book constitutes revised and selected papers of the 9th European Workshop on Reinforcement Learning, EWRL 2011, which took place in Athens, Greece in September 2011. The papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 40 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections online reinforcement learning, learning and exploring MDPs, function approximation methods for reinforcement learning, macro-actions in reinforcement learning, policy search and bounds, multi-task and transfer reinforcement learning, multi-agent reinforcement learning, apprenticeship and inverse reinforcement learning and real-world reinforcement learning."

"Instansi X adalah salah satu lembaga pemerintahan yang memiliki masalah kehadiran. Faktor kehadiran dinilai sangat penting dalam performance kerja, khususnya di Instansi X karena berkaitan dengan tercapainya tujuan organisasi ini yaitu sebagai pusat pemberian pendidikan dan pelatihan. Apabila banyak pegawai mengalami masalah kehadiran maka pekerjaan mereka menjadi terhambat dan pelaksanaan pendidikan dan pelatihan menjadi terhambat. Ada beberapa faktor penyebab terjadinya masalah ini antara lain faktor sistem, budaya kerja, personal, dan sebagainya. Faktor personal juga terdiri dari berbagai penyebab, di antaranya faktor motivasi, trait yang tidak bertanggung jawab, ekspektansi terhadap pekerjaan, dan sebagainya. Untuk itu diperlukan suatu cara untuk mengatasi masalah kehadiran tersebut, khususnya yang disebabkan oleh faktor personal yaitu dengan mengaplikasikan teori belajar dan reinforcemen untuk membentuk perilaku kehadiran yang diinginkan.Metode dalam teori belajar adalah modeling dan shapping. Modelling yaitu proses pembentukan perilaku dengan Cara mengobservasi perilaku model, biasanya model adalah orang yang dikagumi dan menarik untuk individu sedangkan Shapping yaitu proses membentuk perilaku dalam hal memberi reward secara sistematis pada saat munculnya sedikit demi sedikit perilaku yang diharapkan. Metode shopping yang digunakan berupa pemberian reinforcemen yang sesuai jadwal dan jumlah tertentu, yaitu Fixed Interval Schedule, Variable Interval Schedule, Fixed Ratio Schedule, dan Variable Ratio Schedule. Selain pemberian reinforcement.Berdasarkan analisa, didapatkan bahwa pencegahan dalam masalah kehadiran sebaiknya dilakukan komprehensif dengan mencakup perbaikan sistem kompensasi, sistem kerja, budaya organisasi, dan birokrasi sehingga pembentukan perilaku kehadiran akan lebih efektif."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan adanya hubungan antara pemberian reinforcement oleh ibu dengan perkembangan kognitif anak prasekolah. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian deskriptif korelasi. Pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui pengisian kuesioner untuk ibu dan lembar tes perkembangan kognitif untuk anak pada anak prasekolah beserta ibunya di Taman Kanak-Kanak Kelurahan Beji Depok sebanyak 56 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dominasi responden yakni 25 orang (96,2%) memiliki tingkat pemberian reinforcement tinggi dan memiliki perkembangan kognitif baik. Hasil uji statistik chi square menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan signifikan antara pemberian reinforcement dengan perkembangan kognitif anak prasekolah dengan nilai Pvalue 7.069 dengan α 0.008.

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The purpose of this research is to prove the correlation between giving reinforcement from the mother with cognitive development preschool. This research is quantitative with design descriptive correlative. Participant in this research were preschool with his/her mother in Kindergarten Beji District Depok, amounted 56 participants. The data were collected by questioner for the mother and test cognitive development for preschool.

The result of this research show that most participants (96,2% ) have high giving reinforcement and good cognitive development. Chi square test show that there are significant correlation between giving reinforcement from the mother and cognitive development preschool with P value 7,069 (α 0.008)."

"This paper elaborates on the theoretical background, necessity, and techniques for enhancing the flexural capacity of a T-section member under combined bending and shear. The paper is based on a continuing research program seeking solutions to the design disparities arising from the introduction of new seismic codes and revised earthquake mapping prior to the tsunami and major earthquakes that occurred in South East Asia more than a decade ago. The research considered the application of external reinforcement using fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets, creating confinement in the shear area, and improving the tensile strength zone. The test results suggested that the methods sufficiently increased the load-carrying capacity to meet the new provisions, but they also showed that the optimum load-carrying capacity was not reached due to debonding of the FRP sheets in the tensile zone. The work was expanded to search for a surface treatment method that could shift the failure mode from debonding to FRP rupture by performing direct shear tests on treated FRP-to-concrete bond surfaces. Using the best surface treatment method, a failed member was straightened, retrofitted, and re-reinforced in terms of both shear and tension. The experimental results showed that the load-carrying capacity of the flexural member not only increased significantly, but the surface treatment methods also overcame the interface debonding problem. This research provides a method for upgrading the flexural capacity of T-section members designed prior to the tsunami and earthquakes of 2004, and it offers a solution for cracked section repair and restoration."

"ABSTRAKIndonesia area extremely vulnerable to earthquake. earthquakes have caused thousands of casualties,destruction and damage to thousands of infrastructure, as well as trillions of rupiah of funds forrehabilitation and reconstruction. Prevention of damage due to ground movement can be done through goodstructural design and construction process. one of structural system type that is widely used in Indonesianbuilding houses were confined masonry system. based on seismicity experience, ductility is a very importantparameter to ensuring the safety of structure. results of this study will be used as an alternative technologyof confine masonry ductility enhancement in structural design process. research methodology wasexperimental testing and numerical analysis. experiment testing was lateral cyclic full scale. analyzedaspects of the test results were: strength, stiffness and ductility.Test specimen were three pieces, namely:conventional model (K), strengthening horizontal model (H) and strengthening diagonal model (D). From theresults of testing and data analysis known that the performance of strength, stiffness and ductility of H modelis superior to other models."

"Pengendalian ketinggian atau biasa disebut Level Controller adalah hal yang penting di berbagai bidang industri, termasuk industri kimia, industri minyak bumi, industri pupuk, industri otomatif dan lain-lainnya. Pada penelitian ini, dirancang sebuah pengendali non-konvesional menggunakan Reinforcement Learning dengan Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Polic Gradient (TD3). Agent ini diterapkan pada sebuah miniature plant yang berisi air sebagai fluidanya. Miniature plant ini disusun dengan berbagai komponen yaitu flow transmitter, level transmitter, ball-valve, control valve, PLC, dan pompa air. Kontroler agent TD3 dirancang menggunakan SIMULINK Matlab di computer. Data laju aliran dan ketinggian air diambil melalui flow transmitter dan level transmitter yang dikoneksikan dengan OPC sebagai penghubung antara Matlab ke SIMULINK. Penerapan agent TD3 pada sistem pengendalian ketinggian air digunakan pada dua kondisi yaitu secara riil plant dan simulasi. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan, bahwa kontroler agent TD3 dapat mengendalikan sistem dengan baik. overshoot yang didapatkan kecil yaitu 0,57 secara simulasi dan 0,97 secara riil plant.

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In this study, the level controller is the most important in many industry fields, such as chemical industry, petroleum industry, automotive industry, etc., a non-conventional controller using Reinforcement Learning with Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (TD3) agent was designed. This agent was implemented in water contain the miniature plant. This miniature plant consists of many components: flow transmitter, level transmitter, ball-valve, control valve, PLC, and water pump. Agent controller was designed using SIMULINK Matlab on a computer, which obtained flow rate and height information comes from flow transmitter and level transmitter connected to OPC that link between Matlab to SIMULINK. Implementation of TD3 to control water level system used two conditions, in real plant and simulation. In this study, we obtain that the TD3 agent controller can control the designs with a slight overshoot value, namely 0,57 in the simulation and 0,97 in the real plant."

"Penelitian ini menyelidiki efektivitas audience effect dan positive reinforcement terhadap tugas berbasis waktu yang diukur dalam waktu penyelesaian. Partisipan dalam percobaan ini adalah 30 mahasiswa sarjana di University of Queensland. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen kelompok independen menggunakan desain 3 tingkat yang mengalokasikan peserta ke dalam tiga kelompok berbeda: peserta melakukan tugas tanpa penonton, dengan penonton, dan dengan penonton disertai dengan positive reinforcement yang diterapkan. Hasil penelitian ini pada jangka waktu dalam menyelesaikan tugas yang diberikan (50-piece puzzle) sebagai dependent variable menunjukkan hasil yang tidak signifikan. Hasil ini tidak mendukung temuan sebelumnya yang menunjukkan bahwa positive reinforcement ditemukan untuk memberikan efek terbalik di mana hal itu menyebabkan peserta untuk melakukan tugas lebih lama.The present study investigates the effectiveness of audience effect and positive reinforcement towards a time-based task measured in completion time. Participants in this experiment were 30 undergraduate University of Queensland students. The study is an independent groups experiment research using a 3-level design which allocates the participants into three different group: participants undertaking the task without audience, with an audience, and with an audience accompanied by positive reinforcement being applied. The result on the time taken to complete the given task (50-piece puzzle) as the dependent variable showed a non-significant result. These results do not support previous findings and showed contradicting findings that positive reinforcement was found to give a reversed effect where it causes participants to do the task longer."

"Kebiasaan belajar adalah teknik yang menetap pada diri siswa pada waktu menerima pelajaran, mcmbaca buku, mengeujakan tugas, dan mengatur waktu untuk menyelesaikan kegiatan (Djaali, 2008). Kebiasaan belajar di ruma11 yang efelctifditandai dengan: melakukan kegiatan belajar secara teratur, mempersiapkan semua kcperluan bclajar sebelum keesokan harinya berangkat ke sekolah, dan terbiam belajar hingga benar-benar memahami materi yang dipelajari (Liang Gie, 1995). Program ini bertujuan mengubah kebiasaan belzgiar di rumah yang tidak teramr menjadi teratur melalui moditikasi perilalcu yang menerapkan prinsip-prinsip posilive reinforcement. Suhyek dalam penelitian ini bernama P, ia adalah seorang murid kelas 1 SD yang ‘berusia 6 tahum 8 bulan. Setelah dilakukan intcrvensi, P dapat belajar secara temmr, sehingga bisa disimpulkan bahwa positive reinjbrcemenf efektif untuk membentuk kebiasaan belajar. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya disarankan agar materi yang dipelajari hendaknya fokus pada satu mata pelajaran, dibuat program untuk menumbuhkan motivasi intemal, tingkatkan pnoporsi belqjar selain mengerjakan PR, libatkzm kedua kakak P dalam kegiatan belajar, dan lakukanjbllow agp.

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Study habit is a technique which is attained in a student by the time he gets study materials, reading books, does school works and manages his time in order to iinish his work (Djaali, 2008). Effective study habit at home is marked by: studying regularly, preparing everything which is needed before going to school the next day, and being used to study for understanding the study topic (Liang Gie, 1995).

The aim ofthis program is to modify unregular study habit at home into regular study habit by behavior modification wh ich uses the principal of positive reinforcement. Subject in this research is P, a first grader who is 6 years 8 months old.

After intervention, P succeeded in studying regularly, so it can be concluded that positive reinforcement is effective in shaping study habit. For tirture research the suggestions are the learning material studied should focus on only one sujea, an additional program should be designed to develop intemal motivation, time for leaming new materiats should be increased besides doing homework, the program should be implemented on both P’s sibling, and follow up is needed."