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Abstrak :
Anosmia merupakan salah satu gejala COVID-19 yang spesifik. Mekanisme anosmia pada COVID-19 belum dapat dijelaskan dengan pasti. Beberapa studi melaporkan perubahan kemampuan penciuman disertai perubahan komposisi mikrobioma nasal. Saat ini studi mikrobioma nasal pasien COVID-19 yang mengalami gejala anosmia masih kurang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil mikrobioma nasal pasien COVID-19 dengan dan tanpa anosmia di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik FKUI tahun 2021. Studi potong lintang ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Klinik FKUI Juli sampai September 2021 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan tidak memenuhi kriteria eksklusi. Diagnosis anosmia ditegakkan menggunakan metode subjektif. Pengambilan spesimen usap nasofaring dan orofaring untuk pemeriksaan RT-PCR COVID-19 dan usap nasal untuk pemeriksaan mikrobioma dilakukan pada pasien tersangka COVID-19. Bila didapatkan hasil RT-PCR positif, maka pada spesimen usap nasal dilakukan pemeriksaan sekuensing 16S RNA-Next Generation Sequencing. Didapatkan 17 spesimen usap nasal dari subjek yang mengalami gejala anosmia dan 8 spesimen yang tidak mengalami gejala anosmia. Pada mikrobioma nasal pasien COVID-19 yang mengalami gejala anosmia terjadi berupa penurunan kelimpahan filum Actinobacteria, Ordo Propionibacteriales, Famili Propionibacteriaceae, genus Cutibacterium dan Peptoniphilus. Dari penelitian ini, terdapat perubahan komposisi mikrobioma nasal pada pasien COVID-19 dengan gejala anosmia. ......Anosmia is a specific symptom of COVID-19. The mechanism of anosmia in COVID-19 cannot be explained with certainty. Changes in nasal microbiome composition are associated with olfactory function. SARS-CoV-2 infection alters the respiratory microbiota and influence the susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. There are also changes in the composition of nasal microbioms of COVID-19 patients experiencing anosmia. Studies of the nasal microbiome in COVID-19 patients who experience symptoms of anosmia are rare. The aim of this study is to determine the nasal microbiome profile of COVID-19 patients with and without anosmia. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of the FKUI from July to September 2021 which met the inclusion criteria and did not meet the exclusion criteria. Anosmia is determined subjectively. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab specimens for RT-PCR COVID-19 examination and nasal swabs for microbiome are collected from patients. If a positive RT-PCR result is obtained, then the nasal swab specimen is subjected to a RNA-Next Generation Sequencing. There were 17 nasal swab specimens from subjects with anosmic symptoms and 8 specimens without anosmic symptoms. In the nasal microbiome of COVID-19 patients who experience symptoms of anosmia, there is a decrease in the abundance of the Actinobacteria, Propionibacteriales, Propionibacteriaceae, Cutibacterium and Peptoniphilus. From this study, there were changes in the composition of the nasal microbiome in COVID-19 patients with anosmia symptoms.

Abstrak :
Muara Gembong merupakan wilayah yang rentan terhadap pencemaran sampah karena letaknya berada di pesisir. Keberadaan sampah tersebut berpotensi mempengaruhi kelimpahan burung karena sampah organik dapat menjadi sumber pakan burung, sementara sampah anorganik dapat menyebabkan perubahan struktur habitat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui jenis burung yang memiliki kelimpahan tinggi dekat sampah, (2) mengetahui hubungan antara jumlah dan jenis sampah dengan kelimpahan relatif burung, serta (3) mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi probabilitas keberadaan burung dekat sampah. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2020 di wilayah Pantai Mekar dan Muara Blacan. Pengamatan burung dilakukan dengan metode jelajah dan kelimpahan relatif setiap jenis burung ditentukan berdasarkan nilai encounter rates. Adapun pendataan dan perhitungan konsentrasi sampah dilakukan berdasarkan protokol yang dikeluarkan oleh NOAA. Dilakukan uji korelasi Spearman antara kelimpahan tiap spesies burung dengan konsentrasi sampah, serta dilakukan Principal Component Analysis (PCA) terhadap kondisi habitat dan karakteristik burung dekat sampah. Hasilnya, bondol jawa (Lonchura leucogastroides) dan kuntul besar (Egretta alba) merupakan dua spesies yang memiliki kelimpahan tertinggi dekat sampah dengan nilai encounter rates berturut-turut sebesar 39,13 dan 38,89. Selain itu, konsentrasi sampah anorganik berkorelasi negatif dengan kelimpahan relatif raja udang biru (Alcedo coerulescens), tekukur biasa (Streptopelia chinensis), dan dederuk jawa (Streptopelia bitorquata). Adapun berdasarkan analisis PCA, faktor yang mempengaruhi probabilitas keberadaan burung dekat sampah diantaranya yaitu tutupan kanopi (0,952), salinitas (-0,84), jumlah pohon (0,791), foraging habitat (0,782), jenis substrat (0,777), dan tipe habitat (0,749).

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Muara Gembong is vulnerable to waste pollution because it is located on the coast. The existence of such waste is potential to affect the bird abundance because organic waste can be a source of bird food, while inorganic waste can cause changes in habitat structure. This study aims to (1) determine the types of birds that have a high abundance near trash, (2) determine the relationship between the amount and types of trash with the relative abundance of birds, and (3) determine the factors that influence the probability of the presence of birds near trash. The study was conducted in June 2020 in Pantai Mekar and Muara Blacan areas. Observation of birds was done using the exploration method and the relative abundance of each species of bird was determined based on the encounter rates. The data collection and calculation of trash concentration was carried out based on the protocol issued by NOAA. The Spearman correlation test was carried out between the abundance of each bird species and the concentration of trash. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed on the habitat conditions and characteristics of birds near the trash. As a result, the Javan munia (Lonchura leucogastroides) and Great egret (Egretta alba) are the most abundant species near trash with encounter rates of 39.13 and 38.89, respectively. Moreover, the concentration of inorganic waste is negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Cerulean kingfisher (Alcedo coerulescens), Spotted dove (Streptopelia chinensis), and Sunda collared dove (Streptopelia bitorquata). Based on PCA analysis, factors that influence the probability of birds being near trash include canopy cover (0.952), salinity (-0.84), number of trees (0.791), foraging habitat (0.782), substrate type (0.777), and habitat type (0,749).

Abstrak :
ABSTRACT
Taman Nasional Baluran merupakan taman nasional yang terletak di Kabupaten Situbondo Jawa Timur dan merupakan habitat alami dari Jalak putih-punggung abu. Jalak putih-punggung abu (Acridotheres tricolor Horsfield, 1821) merupakan burung berukuran sedang (23 cm) dari famili sturnidae. Populasi jalak putih umum dijumpai di savana, namun belum ada catatan mengenai populasi burung tersebut di habitat lain selain savana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan relatif dan penggunaan habitat dari populasi jalak putih-punggung abu pada beberapa habitat di Baluran. Kelimpahan relatif populasi jalak putih dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus encounter rates, sedangkan penggunaan habitat akan dianalisis dengan menggunakan PCA. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Oktober hingga November 2018 di 6 habitat berbeda yaitu savana padang rumput, savana hutan, savana restorasi, hutan musim, hutan akasia, dan hutan pantai. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan encounter rates habitat savana padang rumput memiliki nilai encounter rates tertinggi sebesar 11,16; sedangkan habitat hutan pantai menjadi habitat dengan nilai encounter rates terendah sebesar 0. Hasil analisis PCA menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan habitat jalak putih-punggung abu cenderung ditentukan berdasarkan oleh struktur habitat dengan banyak Brachiaria reptans Acacia nilotica, gebang, (Corypha utan), terdapat batang pohon mati, dan pohon berdiameter besar, serta keberadaan pohon asam (Tamarindus indica) dan serasah yang sedikit.

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ABSTRACT
Baluran National Park (TNB) is a national park located in Situbondo Regency, East Java one of the natural habitats of the Grey-Backed Myna. Grey-backed myna (Acridotheres tricolor Horsfield, 1821) is a medium-sized bird (23 cm) from the family sturnidae. The population of grey-backed myna is common in savannahs, but there is no record of these bird populations in habitats other than savanna. This study aims to determine the relative abundance and habitat use of grey-backed myna populations in several habitats in Baluran. The relative abundance of the grey-backed myna population is calculated using the encounter rates, while the habitat use will be analyzed using PCA. The study was conducted in October to November 2018 in 6 different habitats: grassland savannah, woodland savannah, restoration savannah, dry minsoon forest, acacia forest, and beach forest. The results showed that grassland savannah had the highest encounter rates with score 11,16; and the beach forest is a habitat with the lowest encounter rates with score 0. The results of PCA analysis show that the habitat use of grey-backed myna tends to be determined by habitat structure with the abundant of Brachiaria reptans, Acacia nilotica, gebang (Corypha utan), dead tree stem, and trees with large diameter, also a habitat with fewer tamarind trees (Tamarindus indica) and detritus.

Abstrak :
Penelitian tentang struktur komunitas Gastropoda di Situ Salam Kampus Universitas Indonesia, Depok telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas Gastropoda di Situ Salam UI yang berkaitan dengan kelimpahan relatif, komposisi, dominansi, kemerataan dan keanekaragaman jenisnya. Pengambilan sampel Gastropoda dilakukan pada 9 stasiun penelitian dengan tiga kali pengulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah jenis Gastropoda yang ditemukan di Situ Salam sebanyak 9 jenis, yaitu Bellamya javanica, Brotia costula, Brotia testudinaria, Indoplanorbis exustus, Lymnea rubiginosa, Melanoides granifera, Melanoides tuberculata, Pomacea canaliculata dan Thiara scabra. Stasiun 7 yang merupakan lokasi outlet memiliki jumlah jenis tertinggi, yaitu sebanyak 9 jenis dan memiliki nilai indeks keanekaragaman tertinggi dengan nilai indeks sebesar 1,74. Jenis Gastropoda yang memiliki kelimpahan relatif tertinggi di Situ Salam adalah Melanoides tuberculata 48,5%.

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A study of Gastropoda community at Situ Salam Kampus Universitas Indonesia (UI) Depok, has been conducted to know the structure community of Gastropods with reference to relative abundance, composition, domination, eveness and its diversity. Gastropods samples and abiotic parameters were taken at 9 stations with three repetitions. Result of research showed that 9 species of Gastropods were found, those are Bellamya javanica, Brotia costula, Brotia testudinaria, Indoplanorbis exustus, Lymnea rubiginosa, Melanoides granifera, Melanoides tuberculata, Pomacea canaliculata and Thiara scabra. Station 7 which located at outlet of the Situ Salam has the highest number of species as well as highest diversity index that is 9 species and H? = 1,74, respectively. Melanoides tuberculata was the most abundance species with the relative abundance value of 48,5%.