Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Half the population of the world to this day still has not experienced religious freedom. Religious persecution often still occurs at many places in the world. Research studies show that there is a direct correlation between religious freedom and economic prosperity. "Prosperity is the result of freedom, therefore the best way to improve the economic prosperity of a nation is to ensure freedom for its citizens." This article will first elaborate models of the relationship between church and state, and then explain the basic principle of the Bible regarding religious freedom. It further explains why incarceration of religious freedom or of conscience by the state is wrong, despite the reasons of protecting its citizens from false religion or from a cult. This paper will also explore religious persecution from the time of early church until the birth of Protestantism, and then speaks about the struggle and the protection of religious freedom. Furthermore this article goes into what underlies the constitutional protection of religious freedom in America, and then browse through the struggle and the protection of religious freedom as a struggle of the world."

"Kebebasan beragama/berkeyakinan pada dasarnya merupakan hak asasi manusia yang tidak dapat dikurangi dalam keadaan apapun (non derogable rights). Dalam hukum Indonesia pemenuhan hak atas kebebasan beragama tiap warga negara secara langsung dijamin oleh konstitusi. Meskipun telah mendapat jaminan langsung dari konstitusi, pada prakteknya pelanggaran terhadap kebebasan beragama masih kerap terjadi. Keberadaan Undang-Undang No. 1/PNPS/1965 tentang Pencegahan Penyalahgunaan dan/atau Penodaan Agama ditengarai sebagai salah satu faktor yang mendorong terjadinya berbagai pelanggaran kebebasan beragama di Indonesia. Secara substasnsi, Undang-Undang tersebut memberikan pengakuan tehadap enam agama sebagai agama resmi. Tulisan ini dibuat dengan pendekatan normatif yang dimaksudkan untuk menelaah keseuaian norma dalam Undang-Undang No. 1/PNPS/1965 tentang Pencegahan Penyalahgunaan dan/atau Penodaan Agama dengan doktrin serta prinsip-prinsip HAM tekait kebebasan beragama. Selain itu, studi empiris dengan juga dilakukan untuk memperlihatkan dampak riil dari pengaturan dalam Undang-Undang tersebut. Dengan pendekatan demikian, dapat dilihat bahwa Undang-Undang No. 1/PNPS/1965 memuat ketentuan pengaturan yang secara substansial bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip HAM terkait kebebasan beragama. Selain itu, ditemukan bahwa dalam prakteknya ketentuan dalam Undang-Undang No. 1/PNPS/1965 serta peraturan atau kebijakan turunannya memicu berbagai tindakan diskriminatif dan pelanggaran terhadap hak atas kebebasan beragama terutama bagi para pemeluk agama/kepercayaan yang tidak diakui oleh negara.

---

Religious freedom is one of the right that can not be reduced under any circumstances (non-derogable rights). Under Indonesian law, the fulfilment of religious freedom rights of every citizen are guaranteed by the constitution. Despite enjoying direct guarantee from the constitution, in practice, violations of religious freedom still occur frequently. The existence of the Act No. 1/PNPS/1965 on the Prevention of Abuse of Religion and/or Blasphemy is considered as one of the factors that led to religious freedom violations in Indonesia. Substantially, this Act provides recognition to six religions as official religion. This paper is written in a normative approach to look over the suitability of the norms in the Act No. 1/PNPS/1965 on the the Prevention of Abuse of Religion and/or Blasphemy by the doctrine of human rights and the principles of religious freedom. Moreover, empirical studies are also conducted to show the real impact of regulation in the Act. Thus, it can be seen that the regulation on Act No. 1/PNPS/1965 contains provisions that are substantially opposed to the human rights principles related to freedom of religion. Furthermore, it was found that in practice the provision on the Act No. 1/PNPS/1965 and its derivative regulations and policies caused various discriminative actions and violations to the right of religious freedom, especially for the disciples of the religion/beliefs who are not recognized by the state."

"Kebebasan beragama/berkeyakinan pada dasarnya merupakan hak asasi manusia yang tidak dapat dikurangi dalam keadaan apapun (non derogable rights). Dalam hukum Indonesia pemenuhan hak atas kebebasan beragama tiap warga negara secara langsung dijamin oleh konstitusi. Meskipun telah mendapat jaminan langsung dari konstitusi, pada prakteknya pelanggaran terhadap kebebasan beragama masih kerap terjadi. Keberadaan Undang-Undang No. 1/PNPS/1965 tentang Pencegahan Penyalahgunaan dan/atau Penodaan Agama ditengarai sebagai salah satu faktor yang mendorong terjadinya berbagai pelanggaran kebebasan beragama di Indonesia. Secara substasnsi, Undang-Undang tersebut memberikan pengakuan tehadap enam agama sebagai agama resmi. Tulisan ini dibuat dengan pendekatan normatif yang dimaksudkan untuk menelaah keseuaian norma dalam Undang-Undang No. 1/PNPS/1965 tentang Pencegahan Penyalahgunaan dan/atau Penodaan Agama dengan doktrin serta prinsip-prinsip HAM tekait kebebasan beragama. Selain itu, studi empiris dengan juga dilakukan untuk memperlihatkan dampak riil dari pengaturan dalam Undang-Undang tersebut. Dengan pendekatan demikian, dapat dilihat bahwa Undang-Undang No. 1/PNPS/1965 memuat ketentuan pengaturan yang secara substansial bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip HAM terkait kebebasan beragama. Selain itu, ditemukan bahwa dalam prakteknya ketentuan dalam Undang-Undang No. 1/PNPS/1965 serta peraturan atau kebijakan turunannya memicu berbagai tindakan diskriminatif dan pelanggaran terhadap hak atas kebebasan beragama terutama bagi para pemeluk agama/kepercayaan yang tidak diakui oleh negara.

---

Religious freedom is one of the right that can not be reduced under any circumstances (non-derogable rights). Under Indonesian law, the fulfilment of religious freedom rights of every citizen are guaranteed by the constitution. Despite enjoying direct guarantee from the constitution, in practice, violations of religious freedom still occur frequently. The existence of the Act No. 1/PNPS/1965 on the Prevention of Abuse of Religion and/or Blasphemy is considered as one of the factors that led to religious freedom violations in Indonesia. Substantially, this Act provides recognition to six religions as official religion. This paper is written in a normative approach to look over the suitability of the norms in the Act No. 1/PNPS/1965 on the the Prevention of Abuse of Religion and/or Blasphemy by the doctrine of human rights and the principles of religious freedom. Moreover, empirical studies are also conducted to show the real impact of regulation in the Act. Thus, it can be seen that the regulation on Act No. 1/PNPS/1965 contains provisions that are substantially opposed to the human rights principles related to freedom of religion. Furthermore, it was found that in practice the provision on the Act No. 1/PNPS/1965 and its derivative regulations and policies caused various discriminative actions and violations to the right of religious freedom, especially for the disciples of the religion/beliefs who are not recognized by the state."

"Penulisan ini menganalisis bagaimana bentuk tanggung jawab negara dan perlindungan yang dapat diberikan kepada penghayat kepercayaan khususnya bagi anak yang termasuk dalam keluarga penghayat kepercayaan berdasarkan konvensi HAM internasional. Termasuk mengetahui tata kelola pengawasan terhadap setiap aliran kepercayaan yang ada di sekitar masyarakat Indonesia. Tulisan ini disusun dengan menggunakan metode penelitian doktrinal. Anak ialah “seseorang yang belum berusia 18 tahun, termasuk anak yang masih dalam kandungan.” Selaras dengan aturan hukum Perlindungan Anak Nomor 35 Tahun 2014. Pengaturan perlindungan anak tidak hanya terjadi di Indonesia bahkan terjadi secara Internasional. PBB telah mengesahkan perlindungan hak anak pada Konvensi Anak (CRC) pada tahun 1989. Selain itu, Pasal 1 ayat ke-2 pada UU No 35 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perlindungan Anak, bahwa “Perlindungan anak adalah segala bentuk kegiatan untuk menjamin dan melindungi anak dan hak- haknya agar dapat hidup, tumbuh dan berkembang, dan berpartisipasi secara optimal sesuai dengan harkat dan martabat kemanusiaan, serta mendapat perlindungan dari kekerasan dan diskriminasi”, termasuk diskriminasi kepercayaan. Kebebebasan beragama merupakan bagian dari inti HAM yang harus dihormati, dilindungi dan dijunjung tinggi pelaksanannya sebagaimana dalam Pasal 28E ayat (1) dan ketentuan yang diatur Pasal 29 yang mana telah mengatur terhadap hak atas kebebasan yang beragama dan beribadah. Pasal 28I ayat (4) UUD 1945, bahwasanya Perlindungan, pemajuan, penegakan, dan pemenuhan hak asasi manusia adalah tanggung jawab negara, terutama pemerintah. Bagian yang terlanggar adalah bagian perlindungan yang seharusnya diberikan kepada kelompok anak penghayat kepercayaan agar tidak terkena tindakan diskriminasi dari pemerintah dan masyarakat sekitar. Tindakan yang paling tepat adalah negara dan pemerintah mengimplementasikan sesuai Pasal 18 ayat (1) ICCPR tentang kebebasan berpikir, keyakinan dan beragama, namun tetap memerlukan batasan sesuai dengan Pasal 18 ayat (3) kaedah-kaedah yang mana berlandaskan pada ketentuan hukum, dan yang diperlukan dalam melakukan perlindungan, keamanan, ketertiban, kesehatan, sampai pada moral masyarakat.

---

This paper analyzes the form of state responsibility and protection that can be given to believers, especially for children who belong to families of believers based on international human rights conventions. Including knowing the governance of supervision of every school of belief around Indonesian society. This paper is prepared using doctrinal research methods. A child is "someone who is not yet 18 years old, including a child who is still in the womb." In line with the law on Child Protection Number 35 of 2014. Child protection arrangements do not only occur in Indonesia but also internationally. The UN ratified the protection of children's rights in the Convention on the Child (CRC) in 1989. In addition, Article 1 paragraph 2 of Law No. 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection, that "Child protection is all forms of activities to guarantee and protect children and their rights so that they can live, grow and develop, and participate optimally in accordance with the dignity and dignity of humanity, as well as receive protection from violence and discrimination", including discrimination of belief. Freedom of religion is part of the core of human rights that must be respected, protected and upheld in accordance with Article 28E paragraph (1) and the provisions regulated by Article 29 which regulates the right to freedom of religion and worship. Article 28I paragraph (4) of the 1945 Constitution, that the protection, promotion, enforcement, and fulfillment of human rights is the responsibility of the state, especially the government. The part that is violated is the part of protection that should be given to the group of children who believe in the faith so that they are not exposed to discriminatory actions from the government and the surrounding community. The most appropriate action is for the state and the government to implement in accordance with Article 18 paragraph (1) of the ICCPR on freedom of thought, belief and religion, but still require restrictions in accordance with Article 18 paragraph (3) of the rules which are based on the provisions of the law, and which are necessary in carrying out protection, security, order, health, and public morals."