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"Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyikatan dengan dantanpa pasta gigi charcoal terhadap kekerasan permukaan material restorasi semenionomer kaca modifikasi resin. Metode penelitian: Dalam penelitian ini digunakansemen ionomer kaca modifikasi resin Fuji II LC. Sejumlah 24 spesimen berbentuksilinder dengan ukuran diameter 6 mm dan tebal 2 mm yang dipolimerisasi denganmenggunakan LED light cured LEDMAX-Hilux selama 20 detik dengan irradiansi 800mW/cm2. Setelah polimerisasi, spesimen direndam dalam akuades pada suhu 37Cselama 24 jam. Spesimen diukur kekerasan permukaan awal dengan dengan KnoopMicrohardness tester Shimatzu HMV-G21 DT yang diindentasikan dengan beban 50 gfselama 15 detik. Selanjutnya, specimen dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok (n=8) denganperlakuan penyikatan dengan akuades, pasta gigi tanpa charcoal Colgate TotalProfessional Clean®, dan pasta gigi dengan charcoal Colgate Total Charcoal DeepClean® selama 4 menit 40 detik setara satu bulan penyikatan dengan beban 150 grammenggunakan Oral-B DB4010 Advance Power Battery Toothbrush. Spesimen kemudiandibersihkan dengan ultrasonic cleaner selama 20 detik dan diuji kekerasan permukaanakhir. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji One Way Anova untuk menilai perbedaankekerasan permukaan antara kelompok penyikatan. Hasil: Semen ionomer kacamodifikasi resin yang diberikan penyikatan dengan akuades, pasta gigi tanpa charcoal,dan pasta gigi charcoal menunjukkan peningkatan kekerasan permukaan yang signifikanantar kelompok (p<0,5). Peningkatan kekerasan permukaan paling tinggi terjadi padapenyikatan dengan pasta gigi charcoal. Kesimpulan: Semen ionomer kaca modifikasiresin setelah penyikatan menggunakan pasta gigi yang mengandung charcoal memilikikekerasan permukaan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan pasta gigi yang tidak mengandungcharcoal......Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of brushing with and withoutcharcoal toothpaste to surface hardness changes of resin modified glass ionomer cement.Method: Resin modified glass ionomer cement Fuji II LC was used in this study. 24specimens of 6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thinkness with disk-shaped were preparedand polymerized using LED light cured LEDMAX-Hilux in 20 seconds with irradiance800 mW/cm2. After polymerization, specimens were immersed in 37C aquadest solutionfor 24 hours. Specimens were measured initial surface hardness using KnoopMicrohardness tester Shimatzu HMV-G21 with 50 gf indentation in 15 seconds.Futhermore, specimens were divided into three groups (n=8); brushed using distilledwater (group A), toothpaste without charcoal Colgate Total Professional Clean® (groupB), and toothpaste with charcoal Colgate Total Charcoal Deep Clean® (group C) for fourminutes and 40 seconds (equivalent to a month brushing) using Oral-B DB4010 AdvancePower Battery Toothbrush with a load of 150 gr. Specimens were cleaned with ultrasoniccleaner in 20 seconds and were measured for final surface hardness. Data were anylizedusing One Way Anova to assess the significant differences between brushed groups.Result: The value of surface hardness of resin modified glass ionomer cement specimenswere increased significantly between groups (p<0,05). The enhancement of surfacehardness value of charcoal toothpaste was highest between brushed groups. Conclusion:It was concluded that resin modified glass ionomer cement specimens after brushed withcharcoal toothpaste have a higher surface hardness than toothpaste without charcoal"

"Latar Belakang. Kebocoran mikro masih menjadi masalah utama dalam bidang kedokteran gigi karena dapat menyebabkan bakteri dan cairan mulut masuk diantara dinding kavitas dan tumpatan. Tujuan. Mengevaluasi kebocoran mikro pada tumpatan GIC Konvensionaldan RMGIC.Metode. Gigi premolar dipreparasi pada bagian oklusal dengan ukuran 3 x 3 x 2,5 mm, kemudian ditumpat dengan GIC Fuji IX, Fuji II dan Fuji II LC. Kemudian, spesimen direndam dalam akuabides, setelah 24 jam direndam dalam larutan pewarna methylene blue 1%, kemudian dipotong melintang arah bukolingual dan diamati di bawah stereomikroskop.Hasil Penelitian. Kebocoran mikro paling besar terjadi pada GIC Fuji IX, diikuti dengan Fuji II dan Fuji II LC.Kesimpulan. Terdapat kebocoran mikro pada tumpatan GIC Konvensional dan RMGIC, dimana derajat kebocoran mikro pada GIC Konvensional lebih besar dibandingkan RMGIC.

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Background. Microleakage around restoration is still a major problem in clinical dentistry, which can cause the penetration of bacteria and oral fluids between the cavity wall and the restoration. Objectives. To evaluate the microleakage of Conventional GIC and RMGIC restoration.Methods. The premolars were prepared oclusally to a size of 3 x 3 x 2,5 mm dimensions, and were filled with GIC Fuji IX, Fuji II, and Fuji II LC. Then, all specimens were stored in aquabidest, after 24 hours all specimens were immersed in 1 % methylene blue dye, then were sectioned in a buccolingual direction, and inspected under stereomicroscope.Results. GIC Fuji IX showed maximum leakage followed by Fuji II and Fuji II LC.Conclusions. The microleakage was evident in Conventional GIC and RMGIC restoration, where the microleakage degree in Conventional GIC were greater than RMGIC."

"Tujuan: Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penyikatan pasta gigi dengan kandungan charcoal terhadap perubahan warna SIKMR yang mengalami diskolorasi akibat larutan kopi. Metode penelitian: Dua puluh empat spesimen Fuji II LC warna A3 berbentuk silinder (diameter 6 mm dan tebal 2 mm) dipolimerisasi menggunakan LEDMAX-Hilux selama 20 detik dengan iradiansi 800 mW/cm2. Spesimen direndam dalam akuades (37oC) selama 24 jam dan diukur warna awalnya dengan Colorimeter 3nh, NH 310. Spesimen direndam dalam larutan kopi (37oC) selama 7 hari, dibersihkan dengan ultrasonic cleaner, lalu diukur perubahan warnanya. Spesimen dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok (n=8) dengan penyikatan akuades, pasta gigi Colgate Total Professional CleanR, dan pasta gigi Colgate Total Charcoal Deep CleanR selama 4 menit 40 detik dengan beban 150 gram menggunakan sikat gigi elektrik Oral-B DB4010. Spesimen kemudian dibersihkan dengan ultrasonic cleaner dan diuji perubahan warnanya. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji One-Way ANOVA untuk menilai perbedaan perubahan warnaantarkelompok penyikatan. Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan SIKMR dengan penyikatan pasta gigi tanpa charcoal memiliki perubahan warna yang signifikan antara kelompok penyikatan akuades dan pasta gigi charcoal (p<0,5). Peningkatan perubahan warna paling tinggi terjadi pada penyikatan dengan pasta gigi tanpa charcoal. Kesimpulan:Disimpulkan bahwa SIKMR setelah penyikatan menggunakan pasta gigi yang mengandung charcoal memiliki perubahan warna seperti kondisi penyikatan dengan akuades dan perubahan warna lebih rendah dibandingkan pasta gigi tanpa charcoal.......Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of brushing toothpaste with charcoal on discolored RMGIC due to coffee solution. Research method: Twenty four specimens of A3 color Fuji II LC cylindrical (6 mm diameter and 2 mm thick) polymerized using LEDMAX-Hilux for 20 seconds with an irradiance of 800 mW/cm2. The specimens were immersed in distilled water (37oC) for 24 hours and their initial color was measured with Colorimeter 3nh, NH 310. The specimens were immersed in coffee solution (37oC) for 7 days, cleaned with an ultrasonic cleaner, then the color change was measured. The specimens were divided into 3 groups (n=8) by brushing with distilled water, Colgate Total Professional CleanR, and Colgate Total Charcoal Deep CleanR toothpaste for 4 minutes 40 seconds with a load of 150 grams using an Oral-B DB4010 electric toothbrush. The specimens were then cleaned and measured for color changes. Data wereanalyzed using the One-Way ANOVA test to assess differences in color change between brushing groups. Results: The results showed that RMGIC that brushed by toothpaste without charcoal had a significant color change between RMGIC that brushed by aquades and toothpaste with charcoal (p<0.5). The highest increase color change occurred in brushing with toothpaste without charcoal. Conslusion: It is concluded that RMGIC afterbrushing using toothpaste containing charcoal has a color change such as brushing with aquades, and the color change occurred was lower than toothpaste without charcoal."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu rendah terhadap stabilitas warna material restoratif estetik sewarna gigi untuk keperluan forensik. Spesimen terdiri dari resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) dan resin komposit giomer bulk-fill dipaparkan pada suhu 5,5-6,2ºC dan kelembaban relatif 20% dengan lama pemaparan 3, 7, dan 14 hari. Pengukuran warna spesimen sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan dilakukan menggunakan colorimeter. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada setiap kelompok perlakuan pada hari ke-3, ke-7, dan ke-14 (p<0,05). Selain itu, terdapat perbedaan yang tidak bermakna antara kelompok RMGIC yang memiliki lama pemaparan 3 hari dengan lama pemaparan 7 hari (p>0,05) serta perbedaan yang bermakna (p<0,05) antara kelompok RMGIC yang dipaparkan selama 3 hari dengan 14 hari dan 7 dengan 14 hari; serta antara kelompok resin komposit giomer bulk-fill dengan lama pemaparan 3, 7, dan 14 hari. Perbedaan yang bermakna (p<0,05) juga ditemukan ketika kedua bahan dibandingkan dengan lama pemaparan yang sama (3, 7, dan 14 hari). Disimpulkan bahwa suhu rendah dapat mempengaruhi nilai perubahan warna RMGIC dan resin komposit giomer bulk-fill yang memiliki potensi untuk digunakan dalam keperluan odontologi forensik.......The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of low temperature on the color stability of tooth-colored esthetic restorative materials for forensic purposes. Specimens consisted of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) and giomer bulk-fill composite resin that were exposed to the temperature of 5,5-6,2ºC and 20% relative humidity for 3, 7, and 14 days of exposure. Color measurement of specimens was done using colorimeter prior to and after the exposure of low temperature. The results showed that there were significant differences among each group of 3, 7, and 14 days exposure (p<0.05). In addition, there was an insignificant difference (p>0.05) between the group of RMGIC that was exposed to low temperature for 3 days and the group of RMGIC that was exposed for 7 days; significant differences (p<0.05) between the group of RMGIC that was exposed for 3 days and 14 days; 7 and 14 days; and among the groups of giomer bulk-fill composite resin that were exposed to low temperature for 3, 7, and 14 days. Significant differences (p<0.05) were also found when the two materials were compared under the same time of exposure (3, 7, and 14 days). It could be concluded that low temperature was capable of affecting the color change value of RMGIC and giomer bulk-fill composite resin, and therefore possessed a potential to be utilized for forensic odontology purposes."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2 yang tidak mengandung alkohol terhadap perubahan warna Semen Ionomer Kaca yang dilapisi coating agent. Spesimen Semen Ionomer Kaca Konvensional dan Semen Ionomer Kaca Modifikasi Resin dilapisi varnish dan nanofilled coating agent masing-masing kelompok berjumlah 10 buah. Spesimen yang telah dilapisi coating agent direndam dalam aquades selama 24 jam pada inkubator bersuhu 37°C. Spesimen dikeluarkan dari inkubator dan direndam dalam chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2 yang tidak mengandung alkohol selama 2 menit setiap hari. Spesimen direndam kembali pada aquades dan diletakkan pada inkubator. Proses ini diulang selama dua minggu. Nilai perubahan warna dihitung setelah perendaman dalam chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2 yang tidak mengandung alkohol pada hari ke-3, ke-7, dan ke-14. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada setiap kelompok yang dilakukan pada hari ke-3, ke-7, dan ke-14 p0,05 serta perbedaan yang bermakna p.

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This study aims to analyze the effect of chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2 which does not contain alcohol to discoloration of Glass Ionomer Cement coated by coating agent. Glass Ionomer Cement and Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cements coated by varnish and nanofilled coating agent and 10 specimens each group. Specimens coated by coating agents were incubated in aquades for 24 hours at 37°C. Specimens removed from the incubator and immersed in chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2 which does not contain alcohol once a day for two minutes. Spesimens then were immersed again in aquades and incubated. This process repeated for two weeks. Color measurements were made on day 3, 7, and 14 after the specimen immersed in chlorhexidine gluconate. The result showed that there were significant differences between day 3, 7, and 14 p0,05 on day 3 and 7, and significant differences to Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cements coated by varnish and nanofilled coating agent."