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"Penjelasan terbaru terkait book-to-market dilakukan oleh Ball (2020) yang berdasarkan temuannya pada saham-saham di Amerika Serikat menemukan bahwa faktor retained earnings dalam book-to-market yang memberikan book-to-market kekuatan dalam menjelaskan dan memprediksi expected return. Lalu apakah di Indonesia fenomena book-to-market tersebut dapat dijelaskan lewat faktor retained earnings? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Fama-MacBeth regression dan uji portofolio menggunakan Single Index Model dalam menjelaskan return dan excess return terhadap book-to-market dan retained earnings-to-market. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor retained earnings-to-market dapat menjelaskan average cross section of return. Uji portofolio menunjukkan bahwa faktor retained earnings-to-market memiliki alpha dan excess return yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan book-to-market untuk portofolio equally weighted.

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The most recent study regarding book-to-market was by Ball (2020) which based on stocks in the United States found that retained earnings gives book-to-market predictive power in explaining and predicting expected return. Then, can the book-to-market phenomenon in Indonesia be explained through the retained earnings factor? This study tries to explain and compare factors between retained earnings and book value of equity in Indonesia. This study uses the Fama-MacBeth regression method and portfolio test using Single Index Model in explaining returns and excess returns to book-to-market and retained earnings-to-market. The results show that the retained earnings-to-market factor can explain average cross section of returns. The portfolio test shows that the retained earnings-to-market factor had a higher excess return and alpha than book-to-market for equally weighted portfolio."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh dari retained earnings dan long-term debt terhadap pertumbuhan perusahaan pada tingkat financial constraint yang berbeda. Parameter size menjadi acuan dalam menentukan tingkat financial constraint perusahaan. Peneliti menggunakan metode regresi panel data dan sampel berupa perusahaan non-keuangan yang terdaftar pada Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2002-2012. Pada perusahaan dengan kondisi financially constrained, laba ditahan secara positif tidak signifikan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan, tetapi utang jangka panjang secara positif signifikan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan. Pada perusahaan dengan kondisi non-financially constrained, laba ditahan dan utang jangka panjang secara positif signifikan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan.

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This research was intended to analyze the influence of retained earnings and long-term debt towards company's growth in different level of financial constraint. Size was used to measure the company's level of financing constraint. Researcher used the data panel regression method and the sample was nonfinancial firms that listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2002- 2012. For financially constrained firms, retained earnings were positively not significant affecting company's growth, but long-term debt positively significant affecting growth. For non-financially constrained firms, retained earnings and long-term debt were positively significant affecting company's growth."