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Abstrak :
Di kota Depok, lebih dari 30% penderita demam berdarah adalah anak-anak usia sekolah. Penularannya tidak selalu terjadi di sekolah di mana seorang anak menghabiskan sekitar 25% waktunya. Sekolah berperan strategis dalam pengendalian DBD sehingga anak sekolah harus memperoleh informasi yang memadai untuk mendapatkan perilaku yang positif. Studi kuantitatif ini bertujuan menilai tingkat keterpajanan informasi dan pengetahuan dalam pengendalian vektor. Analisis yang digunakan adalah beda mean dan uji korelasi. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa keterpajanan informasi dan tingkat pengetahuan anak sekolah tentang DBD masih rendah.

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More than 30% dengue patients in Depok City were school age children. Infection does not always happened in school in which a child spend their time 25% of his time a day. School has strategic role in dengue control. It means that schoolchildren must have to adequate information so that its positive behavior. This quantitative study aims to assess information exposed and their knowledge in dengue vector control. Mean difference and correlation analyze were used in this study. Result of this study indicated that information exposed among schoolchildren and dengue knowledge were still lower.

Abstrak :
An integrated study was conducted on nutrition, physical examination and soil transmitted helminthes (S-TH) in four priminary schools in Cibubur, East Jakarta. In this report is shown data on prevalence and intensity of S-TH infections. Very low prevalences were found for Ascaris lumbricoides (0.0 – 1.6 %) and Trichuris trichiura (2.5 – 8.9 %). Also egg counts per gram (EPG) were very low. The prevalence and intensity rates were very low possibly due to factors such as self-medication, reguler health education and efforts of surrounding factories to improve the health of the community.

Abstrak :
Status gizi anak dapat ditentukan dengan menggunakan perhinmgan Indeks Massa Tubub (IMT) anak menurut jenis kelamin dan umur berdasarkan kuwa pensentiie dari CDC Growth. Kelebihan gizi anak sekolah disebabkan karena konsumsi energi yang berlebih dari kebutuhan dan berlangsung dalam waktu yang lama. Faktor lain adalah kurangnya aktivitas, karena adanya kebiasaan menonton televisi dan bermain komputer, adanya perubahan gaya hidup akibat meningkatnya perekonomian, kebiasaan makan makanan tinggi kalori dan lemak serta rendah serat yang diwujudkan dengan semakin banyak dijualnya makanan jajanan dan fast food. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SD PSKD Kwitang VIII Depok pada bulan Oktober dan Nopember tahun 2001. Didapatkan kejadian status gizi kurang sebesar 9,6% dan status gizi lebih sebesar 29,8%. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan konsumsi makanan dan faktor-faktor lain dengan status gizi anak sekolah tersebut. Desain penelitian adalah croseseciional dan cara pengambilan sampel dengan sistematika random. Sampel adalah murid keias IV~VI dengan jumlah 200 orang. Analisis data dilakukan dengan regresi linear, status gizi diukur dalam IMT sebagai variabel dependen dan variabel-variabel umur, jenis kelamin, berat badan lahir, pendidikan orang tua, status bekerja ibu, jumlah anak, IMT orang tua, konsumsi makanaan, pola makan, kebiasaan jajan, kebiasaan makan fast food, olahraga dan pendapatan/kapita/bulan sebagai variabel independem. Analisis data yang dilakukan meliputi analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivaziat dengan program software SPSSO 9. Hasil penelitian didapatkan responden dengan status gizi lebih sebesar 42% dan gizi kuramg 8%. Rata0rata IMT responden 19 ± 4,lkg/m2. Hasil uji anova dan uji t menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) rata-rata IMT anak menurut IMT orang tua dan kebiasaan berolahmga tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05) rata-rala IMT anak menurut jenis kelamin, pendidjkan orang tua, status bekerja ibu, jumlah anak dan pola makan. Hasil uji regresi dan korelasi didapatkan adanya hubungan bermakna (p<0,05) antara umur, konsumsi energi, protein*, lemak*, karbohidmt* setelah di adjust dengan total energi, waktu nonton televisi, pendapatan/kapita/bulan dengan IMT. Tidak adanya hubungan yang bermakna (p>0,05) berat badan lahir, kebiasaan jajan, kebiasaan makan fast food, waktu tidur dengan IMT. Hasil analisis multivariat regresi linear didapatkan variabel umur merupakan variabel yang paling dominan berhubungan dengan IMT (12 = 0,20). Anak SD di PSKD Kwilang VIII Depok mengalami masalah gizi ganda, yaitu masalah gizi kurang masih ada dan sudah ada masalah gizi lebih. Untuk itu, bagi Depanemen Kesehatan dlharapkan membuat suatu standar yang baku status gizi anak menurut IMT, umur dan jenis kelamin anak agar lebih mudah digunakan dan lebih sensitif memjaring status gizi, menggiatkan program UKS mengenai gizi dengan melakukan pengukuran antropometri secara peliodik, penyuluhan gizi dan olahmga, penelitian lanjut dengan jumlah sekolah yang lebih banyak sehingga mempemleh angka kejadian untuk anak sekolah dasar di kata Depok. Bagi sekolah melakukan penyuluhan-penyuluhan tentang gizi kepada semua murid dan orang tua secara periodik mengenai penyebab terjadinya gizi lebih dan akibatnya, pentingnya makan pagi, mengurangi makanan jajan tinggi kalori dan lemak, menggiatkan olahraga, dan pemasaran PUGS. Bagi pengelola kantin tentang penyediaan makanan yang sehat dan seimbang akan zat gizi, seperti buah-buahan dan mengurangi penjualan makanan gorengan.

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The status of child nutrition can be determined by using calculation child Body Mass Index (BMI) according sex and age based on percentile curve of CDC Growth. Over nutrition on schoolchildren are caused by energy that consumed is over than needed and it was done in long time. Other firetors were less activity, habit to see television and playing computer game, caused by the changes of life style due to the improving of income in their family, habit to consume high calorie, fatty food., and fewer iibbers that presented in sweet food and fast food. This study was conducted at SD PSKD Kwitang VIII Depok on October-November, 2001. It was found that the rate of under nutrition showed 9,6%, and over nutrition was 29,8%- The objective of this Study W3 to identify the relationship of food consmne and other factors with nutritional status of those school children The design of this study was cross sectional and the samples took randomly. The samples were the schoolchildren of IV-VI graders; with the number are 200 people. The data analysis by regression linear, nutrition status in BMI as dependent variable and variables age, sex, birth weight, parents' education, mother?s profession, number of child, parents' BMI, food consume, food pattern, habit to buy snacks, habit to eat fasrfood, time to sleep, time to watch television, exercise and monthly income per capita are as independent variables- The data was analysis by univariate, bivariane and multivariate with SPSS versi 9. The result of this study found that the subject with over nutrition were 42%, and under nutrition showed 8%. The average of respondents BMI was 19 ± 4,lkg/ml. The result of anova test and t twt showed that there was significantly different (`p<0,05) average child's BMI according to parents BMI and habit of exercise and there was no significantly different (p>0,05) average chiId?s BMI according sex, parent?s education, mother?s profession, number of child and food pattern. The result of regression test and correlation, it was found that there was significantly relationship with (p<0,05) among age, number of child, energy consume and protein, tat, carbohydrate alter adjusted by total energy and time to see television and playing computer games, monthly income per capita with BMI and there was no significantly (p>0,05) birth weight, habit to buy snacks, habit to cat fast food, time to sleep, with BMI. Based on linear regression nlsultivariate analysis found that variable age was the most domimnt relation to BMI ( =0,20). The school children at SD PSKD Kwitang VIII Depok having problem with multi nutrition problems, thee were still have problem with under nuuition and also over nutrition. It is recommended to Minisny of Helth to make a value standard on childs BMI with age and sex more useful and more sensitive to screen nutritional status of the children to involve the School Health Program on nutrition by conducting antropometry measurement periodically, nutrition education and exercise. Further study should involve more schools, so it can be obtained the number of case for primary school children at Depok lt also recommended that the school should facilitate nutrition education to entire ofthe schoolchildren and their parents periodically. Regarding the cause of over nutrition and is impact, it is important to have breakfast, reduce to eat high calorie and fatty, active exercises, marketing of PUGS. For canteen management on providing healthy food and meet with balance of nutrition, such as fruits and reduce to sell more tried snacks.

Abstrak :
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian obat cacing terhadap perubahan status gizi pada anak sekolah dasar. Variabel yang diteliti meliputi status gizi awal dan akhir, status kecacingan awal dan akhir, variabel lain yang diteliti (konfounding) adalah pendapatan orang tua anak, tingkat pendidikan ibu, pola makan anak, tingkat kebersihan anak dan jenis kelamin. Jenis penelitian adalah pre experimental one group pre post test (perlakuan ulang), memberikan perlakuan berupa pemberian obat cacing kepada anak SD. Pengambilan sampel sekolah dilakukan dengan cara purposive, yaitu diambil SD III Pasir Kaliki kecamatan Cimahi Utara, kabuapten Bandung. Sedangkan sampel penelitian diambil dari semua murid kelas II sampai dengan kelas VI. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengisian kuesioner, pengukuran berat dan tinggi badan anak, pengamatan keadaan kuku, pengambilan dan pemeriksaan feces anak pada laboratorium, serta catatan yang ada. Analisa statistik dilakukan dengan uji Chi Square test, untuk melihat hubungan antara variabel konfounding dengan status gizi dan status kecacingan anak. Uji Mc Nemar dilakukan untuk melihat perbedaan data status gizi clan status kecacingan anak sebelum dan sesudah mendapat intervensi. Disamping itu uji Mc Nemar dilakukan untuk melihat perbedaan data status gizi sebelum dan sesudah mendapat intervensi pada setiap variabel konfounding (analisa stratifikasi). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara status gizi dan status kecacingan dengan tingkat pendapatan orang tua anak Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa semakin rendah tingkat pendapatan orang tua, semakin rendah status gizi anak dan semakin mungkin anak untuk menderita kecacingan. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna status gizi anak sebelum dan sesudah mendapat obat cacing, tetapi terdapat kecenderungan bahwa status gizi anak setelah mendapat obat cacing lebih baik dari pada status gizi anak sebelum mendapat obat cacing. Dan setelah dikontrol dengan keadaan status gizi anak pada awal penelitian, temyata pemberian obat cacing kepada anak yang menderita gizi kurang dan buruk, menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian obat cacing kepada anak yang berstatus gizi kurang dan buruk, akan memberikan pengaruh pada perbaikan status gizi yang lebih nyata. Untuk memperbaiki status gizi terutama pada anak SD, pemberian obat cacing akan memberikan hasil yang nyata jika diberikan kepada anak yang menderita gizi kurang dan buruk. Oleh karena itu program pemberantasan kecacingan pada anak SD yang sudah dilakukan, walupun tidak rutin harus lebih ditingkatkan lagi, dan pemberian obat cacing terutama diprioritaskan kepada anak yang menderita gizi kurang dan gizi buruk.

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The objectives of the study are to find out the effect of deworming on nutritional status of schoolchildren. Nutritional status and intestinal worm infection is the height problem in schoolchildren in Indonesia. From the last study find that have the relationship between nutritional status and intestinal worm infection, so that problem must be attention seriously. Nutritional status after intervention was dependent variable while the confounding variables were nutritional status before intervention, intestinal worm infection, in come parents per 'month, degree of mother's study, habits eating, hygiene personal and sex. Study design was a pre experimental one group pre post test, which treatment Albendazole on schoolchildren as intervention. School sampling was conducted purposively that SD III Pasir Kaliki north Cimahi Bandung. Where are sample size all of student levels II to VI. Data collecting was conducted by interview, weight and height measurement, stool examination and available record. Statistical analysis was done by Chi Square test, to asses relationships between confounding variables with nutritional status and intestinal worm infection. Mc Nemar test was done to asses different nutritional status and intestinal worm infection before and after intervention on every confounding variables as stratification analysis. The result of the study was there is a relationship between nutritional status and intestinal worm infection with income parents per month. This find show that the lower income parents per month, is lower nutritional status and more high intestinal worm infections. There no significant difference between nutritional status before and after intervention, but the nutritional status after intervention was more high that before. However, after controlling for confounding factors, there was significant difference between before and after intervention on malnutrition mild and high intervention. For improvement nutritional status on schoolchildren, intervention for deworning on malnutrition mild and hight can be more effectiveness. Therefore, program deworming on schoolchildren will be more improve , and intervention must be on mild and hight malnutrition.

Abstrak :
Latar Belakang: Pembelajaran jarak jauh anak sekolah selama pandemi COVID-19 menyebabkan penggunaan perangkat digital sebagai media pembelajaran. Peningkatan pajanan monitor dan aktivitas melihat dekat diduga meningkatkan angka kejadian astenopia. Tujuan: Mendapatkan angka kejadian astenopia subjektif dan menilai faktor yang mempengaruhinya pada anak SMP dan SMA Negeri di Jakarta di era pandemi COVID-19. Metode: Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang menggunakan kuesioner Revised Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) diadaptasi ke dalam Bahasa melalui tahapan validasi. Skoring CISS 16 sebagai batasan keluhan astenopia yang dialami subjek. Hasil: Kuesioner CISS versi Bahasa adalah valid dan reliabel dengan nilai p<0,05 dengan koefisien Cronbach’s ±  sebesar 0,910 dan 0,925. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 901 responden. Angka kejadian astenopia sebesar 36%. Analisis multivariat didapatkan pencahayaan ruangan yang kurang terang di luar PJJ (OR=8,25;p=0,001), durasi screen time >2 jam saat PJJ (OR>3,73;p=0,001), penyakit mata lain (OR=3,72;p=0,002), melakukan aktivitas dekat dengan posisi berbaring (OR=2,45;p=0,014), durasi tidur malam <8 jam (OR=2,29;p<0,001), penggunaan kacamata (OR=2,10;p<0,001), aktivitas dekat menonton film dengan perangkat digital/TV (OR=1,67;p=0,004), dan jarak baca <30 cm saat PJJ (OR=1,47;p=0,016) merupakan faktor risiko independent untuk astenopia pada anak sekolah. Kesimpulan: Kuesioner CISS versi Bahasa merupakan instrumen yang valid dan reliabel untuk mendiagnosis astenopia pada anak sekolah. Angka kejadian astenopia di Jakarta cukup tinggi dengan faktor risiko berupa pencahayaan ruangan kurang terang, durasi daring >2 jam, penyakit mata lain, aktivitas dekat dengan posisi berbaring, durasi tidur malam <8 jam, penggunaan kacamata, aktivitas dekat menonton film dengan perangkat digital/TV, dan jarak baca <30 cm saat PJJ. ......Background: Schoolchildren's distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has led to digital devices as learning media. Increased exposure to monitors and near-vision activities is thought to increase asthenopia incidence. Obtain the incidence of subjective asthenopia and assess the factors that influence Jakarta's junior high and high school students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional design study using the Revised Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) questionnaire was adapted into Indonesian through a validation stage. CISS score 16 as a limitation of asthenopia complaints experienced by the subject. Result: Indonesian version of the CISS questionnaire is valid and reliable with p-value <0.05 with Cronbach's coefficient of 0.910 and 0.925, respectively. The research subjects were 901 respondents. The incidence of asthenopia is 36%. Multivariate analysis showed that the room lighting was not bright when distance learning (OR=8.25; p=0.001), screen time duration >2 hours during distance learning (OR>3.73;p=0.001), other eye diseases (OR=3 ,72;p=0,002), doing activities close to the lying position (OR=2,45;p=0,014), sleep duration <8 hours (OR=2,29;p<0,001), wearing glasses (OR=2 ,10;p<0.001), close activity watching movies with digital devices/TV (OR=1.67;p=0.004), and reading distance <30 cm during distance learning (OR=1.47;p=0.016) were independent risk factors for asthenopia in schoolchildren. Conclusion: Indonesian version of the CISS questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument for diagnosing asthenopia in school children. The incidence of asthenopia in Jakarta is relatively high with risk factors in the form of poor lighting, online duration >2 hours, other eye diseases, activities close to lying down, sleep duration <8 hours, use of glasses, close activities watching movies with digital devices/ TV, and reading distance <30 cm during distance learning.

Abstrak :
This book focuses on the importance of human factors in optimizing the learning and training process. It reports on the latest research and best practices and discusses key principles of behavioral and cognitive science, which are extremely relevant to the design of instructional content and new technologies to support mobile and multimedia learning, virtual training and web-based learning, among others, as well as performance measurements, social and adaptive learning and many other types of educational technologies, with a special emphasis on those important in the corporate, higher education, and military training contexts. Based on the AHFE 2018 Conference on Human Factors in Training, Education, and Learning Sciences, held July 21–25, 2018 in Orlando, Florida, USA on July 21–25, 2018, the book offers a timely perspective on the role of human factors in education. It highlights important new ideas and will fosters new discussions on how to optimally design learning experiences.