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"White lily, crinum asiaticum L (Amaryllidaceae) produce secondary metabolite called galantamine which has been developed to cure alzheimer desease. The purpose of this research was to explore the habitat of C. asiaticum which produces a high yield of galantamine. The bulb of asiaticum from four different locations which has altitudes ranging from 0-1250 meters above sea level was taken...."

"Tumbuhan Isachne globose merupakan salah satu tumbuhan emergent yang hidup di Situ Lab. Alam , FMIPA UI. Isachne globose mampu berfungsi sebagai substrat bagi fitoepifiton, namun keberadaan fitoepifiton yang menempel pada tumbuhan I. globose mampu menghambat cahaya matahari yang mendukung pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tumbuhan tersebut. Telah dilakukan analisis pengaruh metabolit sekunder pada tumbuhan I. globose sebagai antifouling yang mampu menahan penempelan fitoepifiton. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan batang I. globose perlakuan yang telah dihilangkan metabolit sekundernya dan batang kontrol yang keduanya direndam selama 7 hari di Situ Lab. Alam. Metabolit sekunder batang I. globose dianalisa dengan HPLC untuk mengetahui profil kromatografinya. Data penelitian menunjukkan terdapat kelimpahan fitoepifiton pada batang kontrol sebesar 219 individu/sel 2 dari 22 genera, sedangkan pada batang perlakuan sebesar 444 individu/cm 2 dari 27 genera. Berdasarkan uji t, nilai indeks keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan pada batang I. globose kontrol dan perlakuan berbeda nyata. Profil kromatogram ekstrak batang I. globose pada panjang gelombang 285 nm menunjukkan adanya 4 metabolit sekunder paling dominan (RT 7,50; 8,89; 9,99 dan 15,10). Diduga metabolit sekunder dominan tersebut berperan antifouling terhadap penempelan fitoepifiton di Situ Lab. Alam.

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I. globose is one of the emergent plants that live in the Situ Lab. Alam, FMIPA UI. Isachne globose is able to function as a substrate for phytoepiphyton, but the presence of phytoepiphyton that attaches to plants I globose is able to inhibit sunlight which supports the growth and development of these plants. An analysis of the effects of secondary metabolites on plants has been carried out I. globose as an antifouling that is able to with stand the attachment of phytoepiphyton. The study was conducted using stem I. globose treatment which had been removed by secondary metabolites and control, both of them were soaked for 7 days. Secondary metabolites in I. globose were analyzed by HPLC to determine the profile chromatographic.

The results data shows the abundance of phytophthiton in I. globose control was 219 individuals/cm 2 from 22 genera, while in the treatment stem was 444 individual/cm 2 from 27 genera. Based on the t test, the value of index diversity and abundance in stem I. globose control and treatment were significantly different. Profile chromatogram extract I. globose at 285 nm wavelength showed 4 of the most dominant secondary metabolites (Real Time 7,50; 8,89; 9,99 and 15,10). It is suspected that the dominant secondary metabolites play role as antifouling for attaching phytoepiphyton at Isachne globose stem in Situ Lab. Alam."

"The endophytic fungi Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from the tissues of the fruits of Garcinia griffithii. The fungal strain was identified from the colony, and it was characteristic of cell morphol ogy. The ethyl acetate extracts derived from fungus cultures showed major spots on TLC under UV light, which was continued to the isolation of the secondary metabolites. The structure of the isolated compound was elucidated on the basis of NMR analyses (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HMQC, HMBC and H-H COSY). The compounds were identified as: 4,6-dihydroxy, 3,8a-dimethyl-1-oxo-5-(3?-oxobutan-2?-yl)-1,4,4a,5,6,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-2-yl-1?,2?-dimethyl-5?-(2??-methylprop-1??-enyl)cyclopentane-carboxylate."

"The research was conducted to determine the effect of ascorbic acid (50 mgl-1, 100 mgl-1, 200 mgl-1) and activated charcoal (0.5 gl-1, 1 gl-1, 2 gl-1) independently with different light duration (4 weeks in darkness, 2 weeks in darkness followed by 2 weeks in 16 hours light and 4 weeks in 16 hours light) on shoot regeneration. Explants of banana cultivar Barangan (Musa acuminata L.) were planted on MS basal media supplemented with 1.6 mgl-1 IAA, 4.0 mgl-1 BAP and cultured for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, explant browning level was evaluated. Explants were then cut vertically into two pieces and planted on the same media to induce shoot regeneration. After 4 weeks in shoot regeneration media, number of shoot, colour of shoot and height of shoot were evaluated. MS media supplemented with 1.6 mgl-1 IAA and 4.0 mgl-1 BAP without ascorbic acid and activated charcoal in darkness for 4 weeks was the most suitable media for shoot regeneration. The shoot regeneration gave average of 10,4 shoots per explant.

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The research was conducted to determine the effect of ascorbic acid (50 mgl-1, 100 mgl-1, 200 mgl-1) and activated charcoal (0.5 gl-1, 1 gl-1, 2 gl-1) independently with different light duration (4 weeks in darkness, 2 weeks in darkness followed by 2 weeks in 16 hours light and 4 weeks in 16 hours light) on shoot regeneration. Explants of banana cultivar Barangan (Musa acuminata L.) were planted on MS basal media supplemented with 1.6 mgl-1 IAA, 4.0 mgl-1 BAP and cultured for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, explant browning level was evaluated. Explants were then cut vertically into two pieces and planted on the same media to induce shoot regeneration. After 4 weeks in shoot regeneration media, number of shoot, colour of shoot and height of shoot were evaluated. MS media supplemented with 1.6 mgl-1 IAA and 4.0 mgl-1 BAP without ascorbic acid and activated charcoal in darkness for 4 weeks was the most suitable media for shoot regeneration. The shoot regeneration gave average of 10,4 shoots per explant."

"Interaksi mangsa dan pemangsa merupakan suatu interaksi yang umum terjadi di suatu ekosistem. Banyak biota laut meningkatkan kemampuan bertahan hidupnya dengan mengembangkan perlindungan fisik, perilaku, dan kimiawi agar tidak termakan. Perlindungan kimiawi merupakan bentuk adaptasi yang paling tinggi digunakan dalam biota laut, salah satunya alga. Alga dari spesies Bryopsis sp. mengembangkan metabolit sekunder berupa kahalalida F sebagai adaptasi antipredator dari herbivora. Namun, siput laut dari spesies Elysia ornata dapat memakan alga dengan mentolerin metabolit sekunder alga dan diakumulasi senyawa tersebut untuk keperluan perlindungan kimiawinya. Belum ada penelitan mengenai hubungan pemangsa dan mangsa antara Elysia ornata dan Bryopsis sp. yang ditemukan pada perairan Pulau Rambut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan mangsa dan pemangsa dengan membandingkan profil metabolit sekunder antara Elysia ornata dengan Bryopsis sp di perairan Pulau Rambut. Profil metabolit sekunder diperoleh melalui tahapan ekstraksi yang dilakukan dengan maserasi sampel yang telah dihaluskan menggunakan metanol 96%. Selanjutnya, diuapkan menggunakan rotary evaporator dan dikeringkan menggunakan oven. Kemudian, ditimbang beratnya hingga mendapatkan berat ekstrak kasar yang konstan. Ekstrak sampel yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan instrument High Pressure Liquid Chromatography untuk memperoleh profil metabolit sekunder dalam bentuk peak. Hasil kromatogram sampel Elysia ornata dibandingkan dengan sampel Bryopsis sp. Terdapat 12 common peak yang bisa ditemukan pada Elysia ornata dan Bryopsis sp. sehingga terdapat 12 senyawa metabolit sekunder berbeda yang diakumulasi oleh Elysia ornata dari mangsanya. Hal tersebut dapat menjelaskan bahwa terdapat hubungan mangsa dan pemanga antara Elysia ornata dan Bryopsis sp.

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The interaction of prey and predators is a common interaction in an ecosystem. Many marine biotas enhance their survival by developing physical, behavioral, and chemical protection against the predator. Chemical protection is the most widely used form of adaptation in marine biota, one of which is algae. Algae of the species Bryopsis sp. developed a secondary metabolite in the form of kahalalides F as an adaptation antipredator of herbivores. However, sea slugs of the species Elysia ornata can feed on algae by tolerating algal secondary metabolites and accumulate these compounds for their chemical protection purposes. There has been no research on the predator-prey relationship between Elysia ornata and Bryopsis sp. found in the waters of Rambut Island. This study aims to examine the relationship between prey and predators by comparing the secondary metabolite profiles between Elysia ornata and Bryopsis sp. in the waters of Rambut Island. The secondary metabolite profile was obtained through extraction which was carried out by maceration of the mashed sample using 96% methanol. Furthermore, it is evaporated using a rotary evaporator and dried using an oven. Then, it was weighed to get a constant weight of the crude extract. The sample extract obtained was then analyzed using a High Pressure Liquid Chromatography instrument to obtain a secondary metabolite profile in the form of a peak. The chromatogram results of Elysia ornata samples were compared with Bryopsis sp. There are 12 common peaks that can be found in Elysia ornata and Bryopsis sp. Thus, there are 12 different secondary metabolites that accumulates in Elysia ornata from it’s prey. This can explain that there is a prey and predator relationship between Elysia ornata and Bryopsis sp."

"Logam berat kadmium bersifat non-esensial bagi tumbuhan, namun dapat terakumulasi di dalam organ tumbuhan. Keberadaan kadmium dalam media tanam dapat menyebabkan efek toksik, salah satunya bagi tanaman obat Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum (jahe merah). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian perlakuan kadmium terhadap pertumbuhan dan profil metabolit sekunder pada rimpang jahe merah. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental, dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), menggunakan empat perlakuan dalam bentuk larutan CdCl2 dengan konsentrasi 0 ppm (kontrol), 50 ppm, 100 ppm, dan 150 ppm, dengan 6 ulangan pada setiap perlakuan. Parameter yang diteliti berupa laju pertambahan tinggi tanaman dan berat rimpang yang diolah menggunakan uji ANOVA serta dilanjutkan uji Duncan, gejala toksisitas di daun, dan profil metabolit sekunder yang terdeteksi diolah menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA) dan Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semakin besar konsentrasi kadmium yang diberikan maka laju pertambahan tinggi tanaman dan berat rimpang semakin menurun. Gejala toksisitas mulai muncul pada pekan ke-2 seperti klorosis dan nekrosis di ujung dan tepi daun. Profil metabolit sekunder rimpang yang terdeteksi membentuk tiga pengelompokan, kelompok I memiliki kemiripan antara sampel perlakuan kadmium 100 ppm dan 150 ppm, sedangkan yang menunjukkan perbedaan terdapat di antara sampel kelompok perlakuan kontrol dan kadmium 50 ppm.

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Heavy metal cadmium is non-essential for plants, but it can accumulate in plants. The presence of cadmium in the growing media can cause toxic effects for the medicinal plants, one of which is the red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cadmium treatment on the growth and profile of secondary metabolites in the red ginger rhizome. This study was experimental, with a completely randomized design, using four treatments in the form of a CdCl2 solution with a concentration of 0 ppm (control), 50 ppm, 100 ppm, and 150 ppm, the samples used are 6 replications for each treatment. The studied parameters were the rate of increase in plant height and rhizome weight which were processed using ANOVA test and continued with Duncan's test, symptoms of toxicity in the leaves, and the profile of the detected secondary metabolites were processed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA). The results showed that the increase the concentration of cadmium given, the growth rate of plant height and rhizome weight decreases. Toxicity symptoms begin to appear in the second week, such as chlorosis and necrosis at the tips and edges of the leaves. The secondary metabolite profiles detected formed three groupings, Group 1 had similarities between the 100 ppm and 150 ppm cadmium treatment samples, while those showing differences were between the control and 50 ppm cadmium treatment samples."