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Abstrak :
The metabolites from microorganisms for rapidly grawing field,due to the suspicion that a number of metabolites obtained from reef's invertebrates are produced by associated microorganisms.....

Abstrak :
Hakim A. 2010. The diversity of secondary metabolites from Genus Artocarpus (Moraceae). Nusantara Bioscience 2:146-156. Several species of the Artocarpus genus (Moraceae) have been investigated their natural product. The secondary metabolites successfully being isolatad from Artocarpus genus consist of terpenoid, flavonoids, stilbenoid, arylbenzofuran, neolignan, and adduct Diels-Alder. Flavonoid group represent the compound which is the most found from Artocarpus plant. The flavonoids compound which are successfully isolated from Artocarpus plant consist of the varied frameworks like chalcone, flavanone, flavan-3-ol, simple flavone, prenylflavone, oxepinoflavone, pyranoflavone, dihydrobenzoxanthone, furanodihydrobenzoxanthone, pyranodihydrobenzoxanthone, quinonoxanthone, cyclopentenoxanthone, xanthonolide, dihydroxanthone.

Abstrak :
Tumbuhan Oryza rufipogon merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang tumbuh di perairan Situ Lab. Alam. Tumbuhan O. rufipogon berperan sebagai substrat dan habitat fitoepifiton tetapi keberadaan fitoepifiton tersebut meghalangi cahaya yang dibutuhkan tumbuhan untuk berfotosintesis. Oleh karena itu, tumbuhan memproduksi senyawa metabolit sekunder untuk menghalangi penempelan fitoepifiton. Penelitian analisis metabolit sekunder O. rufipogon yang berperan sebagai antifouling dilakukan dengan merendam batang O. rufipogon perlakuan yang telah dihilangkan metabolit sekundernya dan batang kontrol di dalam Situ Lab. Alam selama 1 minggu. Ekstrak metabolit sekunder batang O. rufipogon dianalisis dengan HPLC dengan 2 panjang gelombang yang berbeda yaitu 254 nm dan 285 nm untuk mengetahui profil kromatografinya. Fitoepifiton yang menempel pada batang kontrol dan perlakuan dihitung kelimpahan, keanekaragaman, kemerataan, dan dominansi. Data penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan fitoepifiton pada O. rufipogonbatang kontrol sebesar 287 individu/cm 2 dari 25 genera, dan batang perlakuan sebesar 657 sel/cm 2 dari 19 genera. Nilai kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman fitoepifiton pada kedua tumbuhan tersebut berbeda nyata berdasarkan analisis statistik uji-t. Persebaran fitoepifiton lebih merata pada batang kontrol dibanding batang perlakuan. Berdasarkan indeks dominansi, terdapat kecenderungan jenis tertentu yang mendominasi pada batang perlakuan. Hasil tersebut menjelaskan bahwa adanya pengaruh metabolit sekunder dalam menghambat pertumbuhan dan perkembangan epifiton yang menempel sebagai antifouling. Hasil analisis kromatografi HPLC melaporkan bahwa terdapat metabolit sekunder dari batang O. rufipogon yang diduga memiliki potensi sebagai antifouling. ......Oryza rufipogon plant is one of the emergent plants that grow in Situ Lab. Alam. The O. rufipogon acts as a substrate and habitat for phytoepiphyton, but the presence of phytoepiphyton capable to blocks the sunlight that support plants to fotosynthesis. Therefore, plant produce secondary metabolites to inhibit attachment of phytoepiphyton The study of the analysis of secondary metabolites of O. rufipogon which acted as antifouling was carried out by soaking the O. rufipogon treatment stem which had removed its secondary metabolites and control stem in the Situ Lab. Alam for 1 week. The secondary metabolite extract of the O. rufipogon stem was analyzed by HPLC with 2 different wavelengths of  254 nm and 285 nm to determine the chromatographic profile. Phytoepiphyton attached to the control and treatment stem was calculated for its abundance, diversity, evenness, and dominance. The research data showed that the phytoepifiton abundance of O. rufipogon control stem was 287 individuals/cm 2 of 25 genera, and treatment stem was 657 organism/cm 2 of 19 genera. The value of abundance and diversity of phytoepiphyton in the two plants was significally different based on t-test statistical analysis. The distribution of phytoepiphyton is more evenly distributed in the control stem than the treatment stem. Based on the dominance index, there is a tendency for certain types to dominate in the treatment stem. These result explain the secondary metabolites affects for inhibit the growth and development of phytoepiphyton attachment and also act as antifouling. The result of HPLC chromatography analysis reported that there were secondary metabolites from the O. rufipogon stem thought to be potentially as antifouling.

Abstrak :
Plants have been the chief source of compounds of medicine for thousand of years. Plants die also the source of many medicines ft>r the majority of the world's population, The role of biotechnology is very important for multiplying, conserving the spesies, and enhancing the production of secondary metabolites. Endophytes of novel secondary metabolites offering the potensial for medical and industrial exploitation. Natural products from various endophytic microbes have been investigated. Some examples of natural products observed from endophytic microbes are antibiotics, antiviral compounda; anticancers; antimalarial compounds; antioxidants, antidiabetics nad immunosuppressive compounds.

Abstrak :
Penyakit coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) yang disebabkan oleh severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) telah menjadi keadaan darurat kesehatan medis yang sedang berlangsung di seluruh dunia. Reseptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) berfungsi sebagai titik masuk SARS CoV-2, sementara transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) dan 3 chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLPro) terlibat dalam proses lebih lanjut dan replikasi virus. Inhibisi dari reseptor dan protease SARS CoV-2 dapat membatasi penularan virus ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menemukan kandidat inhibitor ACE2, TMPRSS2, dan 3CLPro dari metabolit sekunder invertebrata laut Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah penapisan virtual dengan target makromolekul yang didapat dari laman RSCB PDB, yaitu ID 2AJF, 7MEQ, dan 6LU7. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah bahwa hasil penapisan virtual memperoleh tujuh senyawa uji yang memiliki afinitas ikatan terhadap ketiga target yaitu Pre-neo-kauluamine (-9,7 kkal/mol pada ACE2; -8,4 kkal/mol pada TMPRSS2; -7,8 kkal/mol pada 3CLPro), Nakijiquinone V (-8,2 kkal/mol pada ACE2; -7,8 kkal/mol pada TMPRSS2; -7,5 kkal/mol pada 3CLPro), Acanthomanzamine C (-10,1 kkal/mol pada ACE2; -8,4 kkal/mol pada TMPRSS2; -7,3 kkal/mol pada 3CLPro), Jaspamide Q (-9,5 kkal/mol pada ACE2; -9,2 kkal/mol pada TMPRSS2; -7,3 kkal/mol pada 3CLPro), Saranoside S (-9,7 kkal/mol pada ACE2; -7,7 kkal/mol pada TMPRSS2; -7,2 kkal/mol pada 3CLPro), Acanthomanzamine E (-10,2 kkal/mol pada ACE2; -9,6 kkal/mol pada TMPRSS2; -6,9 kkal/mol pada 3CLPro), dan Jaspamide R (-9,3 kkal/mol pada ACE2; -8,7 kkal/mol pada TMPRSS2; -6,9 kkal/mol pada 3CLPro). ......The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become an ongoing medical health emergency worldwide. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor serves as the entry point for SARS-CoV-2, while transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and chymotrypsin-like protease 3 (3CLpro) are involved in further processing and viral replication. Inhibition of these SARS-CoV-2 receptor and protease can limit the spread of this virus. This study was conducted to find candidate inhibitors of ACE2, TMPRSS2, and 3CLPro from secondary metabolites of Indonesian marine invertebrates. The method used was virtual screening with macromolecular targets obtained from the RSCB PDB website, namely ID 2AJF, 7MEQ, and 6LU7. Based on the results of virtual screening, seven test compounds were found to have binding affinity towards all three targets, namely Pre-neo-kauluamine (-9.7 kcal/mol on ACE2; -8.4 kcal/mol on TMPRSS2; -7.8 kcal/mol) on 3CLPro), Nakijiquinone V (-8.2 kcal/mol on ACE2; -7.8 kcal/mol on TMPRSS2; -7.5 kcal/mol on 3CLPro), Acanthomanzamine C (-10.1 kcal/mol on ACE2; -8.4 kcal/mol on TMPRSS2; -7.3 kcal/mol on 3CLPro), Jaspamide Q (-9.5 kcal/mol on ACE2; -9.2 kcal/mol on TMPRSS2; -7.3 kcal /mol on 3CLPro), Saranoside S (-9.7 kcal/mol on ACE2; -7.7 kcal/mol on TMPRSS2; -7.2 kcal/mol on 3CLPro), Acanthomanzamine E (-10.2 kcal/mol on ACE2; -9.6 kcal/mol on TMPRSS2; -6.9 kcal/mol on 3CLPro), and Jaspamide R (-9.3 kcal/mol on ACE2; -8.7 kcal/mol on TMPRSS2; -6 .9 kcal/mol at 3CLPro).