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"Latar belakang : Proses identifikasi selain merupakan hak asasi bagi korban bencana, juga penting untuk identifikasi individu yang masih hidup seperti kasus pemalsuan usia atlet, perebutan hak ahli waris, peradilan, dan perwalian anak, dimana kasus-kasus tersebut sering terjadi pada usia 9 sampai dengan 21 tahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah prakiraan usia 9 sampai dengan 21 tahun dapat ditentukan dari analisis radiografis ruang pulpa dengan metode TCI dan dapat dikaitkan dengan studi analisis histologis jumlah sel odontoblas dan sel fibroblas pada ruang pulpa daerah koronal.Metode : Radiograf diambil dari 148 orang laki-laki dan perempuan dengan gigi premolar satu rahang bawah normal pada usia 9 sampai dengan 21 tahun yang datang ke Klinik Radiologi, Klinik Ortodonsia, dan Paviliun Khusus RSGMP FKG-UI. Tinggi mahkota (CH) dan tinggi ruang pulpa pada mahkota (CPCH) dihitung menggunakan analisis Tooth Coronal Indeks (TCI). Kemudian, dilakukan pencabutan gigi untuk selanjutnya dibuat sediaan histologi untuk menghitung jumlah sel odontoblas dan sel fibroblast.Hasil : Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara usia dengan hasil analisis TCI (p<0.05) dengan persamaan prediksi: Usia prediksi = 29,16 + (-0,4)TCI (r2 = 0,6407).Kesimpulan : Metode TCI dapat diterapkan untuk prakiraan usia 9 - 21 tahun. Sedangkan analisis histologis jumlah sel odontoblas dan sel fibroblas di daerah koronal ruang pulpa dapat dikaitkan dengan usia.

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Background : Age estimation for identification is not only limited for the deceased at some cases it can also be used to identify living individuals like a case of falsification age of the athlete, the struggle for the rights of heirs, justice, and child custody, where these cases are common in the age of 9 to 21 years. The study was conducted to determine whether the age estimation of 9 to 21 years can be determined from the analysis of pulp chambers radiographically by the method of TCI and can be associated with the study of histological analysis of odontoblas cell and fibroblasts cell number in the coronal pulp chamber.Methodology : Dental radiograph sample of normal lower-first premolar was taken from 148 patients which age are 9 to 21 years old who had attended the Radiology clinic, Orthodontia clinic, and Paviliun Khusus of Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Indonesia. Coronal Height (CH) and Coronal Pulp Cavity Height (CPCH) measured by Tooth Coronal Indeks (TCI) analysis. Then, the extraction of teeth for subsequent histological preparations made to count the number of odontoblas cells and fibroblast cells.Result : There was a significant difference between the age with the TCI analysis result (p<0.05) and obtain the prediction equation: Predicted age = 29,16 + (- 0,4)TCI (r2 = 0,6407).Conclusion : TCI method can be applied to estimate the age of 9 to 21 years. While the histological analysis of odontoblas cell and fibroblasts cell numbers in the coronal pulp chamber can be associated with age."

"Latar Belakang: Perawatan pulpa vital adalah perawatan konservatif yang bertujuan menjaga pulpa tetap sehat pada gigi yang mengalami trauma, karies, prosedur restorasi dan kelainan anatomi. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) merupakan bahan bioaktif yang sering digunakan perawatan pulpa vital. Pengembangan MTA dilakukan untuk meningkatkan karakter fisik dan biokompatibilitasnya. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi material MTA dan MTA modifikasi carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) terhadap viabilitas sel fibroblas. Metode: Sel fibroblas yang telah mengalami serum starvation selama 24 jam, diaplikasikan media kultur berupa material bioaktif yang berbeda yaitu MTA, MTA modifikasi CMC 5% dan 10 % serta DMEM sebagai kontrol. Pengaruh viabilitas sel fibroblas 24 dan 72 jam dinilai dan dihitung menggunakan MTT Assay. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik One-Way ANOVA, dilanjutkan Post Hoc Bonferonni. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna viablitas sel fibroblas pada kelompok MTA, MTA-CMC 5% dan 10% pada periode waktu pengamatan 24 dan 72 jam. Nilai viabilitas terendah terdapat pada kelompok MTA 72 jam sedangkan nilai viabilitas tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok MTA-CMC 5% 24 jam. Kesimpulan: MTA, MTA modifikasi CMC 5% dan 10% memengaruhi viabilitas sel fibroblas pada periode pengamatan 24 dan 72 jam. MTA modifikasi CMC 5% pengamatan 24 jam menghasilkan nilai viabilitas tertinggi dan termasuk kategori material yang tidak toksik.

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Background: Vital pulp treatment is a conservative treatment designed to keep the pulp healthy in teeth that have experienced trauma, caries, restoration procedures and anatomical abnormalities. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) is one of the bioactive materials that is often used for vital pulp treatment. The development of MTA was carried out to improve its physical characteristics and biocompatibility.Objective: To determine the effect of the application of MTA modified carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and MTA materials on the viability of fibroblast cells.Methods: Fibroblast cells that had undergone 24 hours serum starvation were cultured in the different media in in every group MTA and MTA modified CMC concentrations of 5% and 10% and DMEM as a control. The effect of fibroblast cell viability at 24 hours and 72 hours was assessed based on the percentage of live cells calculated using the MTT Assay. Then the results obtained were analyzed using the SPSS statistical test. The distribution of the data was normal so that the One-Way ANOVA parametric test was carried out, followed by Post Hoc Bonferonni.Results: MTT Assay test, it was found that there was a significant difference in the viability of fibroblast cells in the MTA, MTA-CMC groups of 5% and 10% in the 24 and 72 hours observation periods. The lowest viability value was found in the MTA group with 72 hours of observation, while the highest viability value was found in the 5% MTA-CMC group with 24-hour observation. Conclusion: MTA, MTA modified CMC 5% and 10% affected the viability of fibroblast cells in the 24-hour and 72-hour observation periods. MTA modified CMC 5% at 24-hour observation resulted in the highest viability value and included in the category of non-toxic material."

"Latar belakang: Pada penelitian sebelumnya, kami menemukan ekspresi sitoglobin Cygb pada keloid meningkat dibandingkan kulit normal, yang disertai dengan tingkat proliferasi sel fibroblas yang tinggi. Sitoglobin dilaporkan memiliki peran sebagai penangkal ROS yang dibutuhkan pada proses proliferasi sel. Di sisi lain, beberapa penelitian telah melaporkan ambiguitas dari peran Cygb, baik sebagai tumor supresor maupun onkogen. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek hambatan ekspresi gen Cygb terhadap proliferasi dan kadar ROS sel fibroblas keloid menggunakan small interfering RNA siRNA. Metode: Kami mengukur ekspresi mRNA dan tingkat protein Cygb menggunakan qRT-PCR dan ELISA, proliferasi sel menggunakan metode MTS, dan tingkat ROS menggunakan uji DCFHDA pada 3 kelompok yaitu kontrol, siRNA Cygb dan siRNA negatif. Hasil dari ketiga kelompok tersebut dibandingkan secara statistik. Kami juga menganalisis korelasi antara masing-masing variabel. Hasil: Tingkat ekspresi Cygb pada kelompok siRNA Cygb menurun dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol dan siRNA negatif. Sedangkan proliferasi sel dan tingkat ROS intraseluler meningkat sedikit namun signifikan pada kelompok siRNA Cygb dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol dan siRNA negatif. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara ekspresi Cygb dengan proliferasi sel, namun terdapat korelasi antara ekspresi Cygb dengan tingkat ROS, dan tingkat ROS dengan proliferasi sel. Kesimpulan: Pada sel fibroblas keloid, hambatan ekpresi gen Cygb menyebabkan peningkatan proliferasi sel dan kadar ROS intraseluler.

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Background: In our previous work, we found the expression of Cytoglobin Cygb in keloid were significantly higher than those in normal skin, which accompanied by a high rate of fibroblasts cells proliferation. Cytoglobin is reported to have a role as ROS scavenger, which is required in cell proliferation. On the other hand, some studies have reported ambiguity role of Cygb, either as a tumor suppressor or oncogene. Therefore, we plan to elucidate the role of Cygb in the regulation of ROS and the proliferation of keloid fibroblast using small interfering RNA siRNA.

Methods: We measured mRNA expression and Cygb protein level using qRT PCR and ELISA, cell proliferation using MTS method, and ROS level using DCFHDA assay on 3 groups control group, siRNA Cygb group and siRNA negative group. The results of the three groups were compared statistically. We also analyzed the correlation between each variable.

Results: The expression level of Cygb on siRNA Cygb group were decreased compared to the control and siRNA negative group. Whereas the cells proliferation and intracellular ROS levels were increased slightly but significant in siRNA Cygb compared to control and siRNA negative group. There is no correlation between Cygb expression with cell proliferation, but there is a correlation between Cygb expression with ROS level, and ROS level with cell proliferation.

Conclusion: In keloid fibroblast cells, inhibition of Cygb gene expression leads to increased cell proliferation and intracellular ROS levels."

"Penuaan merupakan fenomena yang dapat terjadi secara alami maupun secara buatan. Induksi cekaman H2O2 menimbulkan penuaan dan cekaman oksidatif yang menurunkan viabilitas sel, mengubah morfologi sel, dan meningkatkan mtDNA-CN. Berberin dan kardamonin memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan karena dapat memicu respons antioksidan yang memungkinkan terjadinya potensi antipenuaan. Penelitian mengenai antipenuaan berberin dan kardamonin belum dilakukan menggunakan analisis mtDNA-CN. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi antipenuaan berberin dan kardamonin melalui uji viabilitas, uji proliferasi, dan kuantifikasi mtDNA-CN melalui qPCR pada sel fibroblas L929. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa berberin dan kardamonin dapat mempertahankan viabilitas sel pada 0,5–5μM. Berberin 5 μM dan kardamonin 0,5 – 1 μM dapat mengembalikan jumlah mtDNA-CN secara signifikan pada L929 yang tercekam H2O2. Hal tersebut mungkin terjadi dengan adanya kemampuan berberin dan kardamonin dalam mengaktivasi jalur nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor-2 (Nrf2) dan phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K/Akt) yang mengekspresikan respons antioksidan antara lain superoksida dismutase (SOD) dan glutathionin (GSH) sehingga kadar ROS menurun.

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Aging is a phenomenon that can occur naturally or artificially. Induction of H2O2 stress leads to aging due to oxidative stress that decreases cell viability, alters cell morphology, and increases mtDNA-CN. Berberine and cardamonine have potential as antioxidants because they can trigger antioxidant responses that allow for potential anti-aging. Research on berberine and cardamonine anti-aging has not been conducted using mtDNA-CN analysis. This study aims to determine the anti-aging potential of berberine and cardamonin through viability test, proliferation test, and mtDNA-CN quantification through qPCR on L929 fibroblast cells. The results obtained showed that berberine and cardamonine could maintain cell viability at 0.5-5μM. Berberine 5 μM and cardamonin 0.5 - 1 μM can restore the amount of mtDNA-CN significantly in H2O2-stressed L929. This may be due to the ability of berberine and cardamonin to activate nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K/Akt) pathways that express antioxidant responses including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathionin (GSH) so that ROS levels decrease."

"Latar Belakang: Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) adalah tanaman berkhasiat obat asli Indonesia dan merupakan tanaman obat unggulan untuk dikembangkan menjadi obat herbal terstandar. Pada beberapa penelitian, ekstrak etanol temulawak (EET) telah terbukti berkhasiat sebagai antimikroba, namun belum diketahui keamanannya terhadap jaringan mukosa mulut. Tujuan: Mengetahui sitotoksisitas ekstrak etanol temulawak (EET) terhadap sel fibroblas gingiva manusia (in vitro). Metoda: Model sel fibroblas gingiva diperoleh dari kultur primer jaringan gingiva manusia. Ekstrak etanol temulawak (1%, 2,5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%) dipaparkan pada sel fibroblas gingiva dengan durasi paparan 1 jam, 3 jam, dan 24 jam. Viabilitas sel pasca paparan EET dianalisis dengan uji MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) dan sitotoksisitas ditetapkan berdasarkan Inhibition Concentration 50% (IC50). Sedangkan, jumlah sel pasca paparan EET dievaluasi dengan metoda exclusion dye/trypan blue. Hasil: Model sel fibroblas gingiva dapat diperoleh dari kultur primer jaringan gingiva dan secara morfologi teridentifikasi sebagai sel fibroblas. Berdasarkan nilai IC50, EET pada konsentrasi >20% pasca paparan 1 dan 3 jam dan konsentrasi ≥10% pasca paparan 24 jam sitotoksik terhadap sel fibroblas gingiva. Jumlah sel fibroblas gingiva menurun sesuai dengan peningkatan konsentrasi pada durasi paparan 24 jam. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanol temulawak memiliki efek sitotoksik terhadap sel fibroblas gingiva. Sitotoksisitas ekstrak etanol temulawak dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi dan durasi paparan.

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Background: Javanese turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) is a herbal plant native to Indonesia and is a superior herbal plant to be developed into a standardized herbal medicine. In some studies, Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanolic extract (CXEE) had been reported to have antimicrobial effect. However, its safety has not been evaluated for oral mucosal tissue. Objective: To evaluate the cytotoxicity of Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanolic extract to human primary gingival fibroblast cells (in vitro). Method: Gingival fibroblast cells model were cultured from human primary gingival tissues. CXEE (1%, 2,5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%) was added into gingival fibroblast culture for 1 h, 3 hrs, and 24 hrs. Cells viability after treatment of EET was analized with the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and determined by Inhibition Concentration 50% (IC50). Meanwhile, cell density of treated cells was determined by exclusion dye/Trypan Blue. Result: Primary culture of human gingival tissue was able to produce gingival fibroblast cells model that was morphologically identified. Based on IC50, CXEE was cytotoxic againts gingival fibroblast cells at >20% of final concentration after 1 hr and 3 hrs treatment and at ≥10% of final concentration after 24 hrs treatment. Cell density of gingival fibroblast cells showed reduction as the increase of extract concentration in 24 hrs treatment. Conclusions: Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanolic extract shows cytotoxic effect againts gingival fibroblast cells and is affected by concentration and duration of treatment."

"Latar belakang: Material bone graft harus efektif dan aman dengan kualitas baik. Alloplastic graft merupakan salah satu jenis bone graft yang dapat dibuat dari material sintetis seperti hidroksiapatit dan gelatin. Propolis merupakan bahan alami yang berasal dari lebah yang dilaporkan berpotensi dapat mempercepat proses regenerasi tulang dengan cara mengurangi inflamasi dan meningkatkan aktivitas sel melalui bahan aktif CAPE. Oleh karena itu, propolis diharapkan dapat menambah manfaat jika dikombinasikan pada hidroksiapatit-gelatin. Namun, penambahan suatu bahan terhadap material medis sehingga menjadi material medis baru memerlukan uji khasiat dan keamanan dari masing-masing bahan. Salah satu uji keamanan adalah uji sitotoksisitas terhadap sel yang mungkin akan berkontak untuk mengetahui biokompatibilitasnya. Tujuan: Mengetahui sitotoksisitas bone graft hidroksiapatit-gelatin dan propolis terhadap viabilitas sel fibroblas. Metode: Penyusunan literature review ini dilakukan sepanjang bulan Desember 2020. Pencarian literatur terkait dilakukan melalui 2 electronic database, yaitu PubMed dan Scopus dengan menggunakan kata kunci yang sesuai dengan pertanyaan penelitian. Penentuan kriteria inklusi dilakukan dengan mengikuti alur Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Hasil: Dari hasil penelusuran pustaka maka terpilih 6 literatur. Dua literatur menyatakan bahwa propolis dalam konsentrasi rendah tidak bersifat sitotoksik terhadap sel fibroblas. Satu literatur melaporkan bahwa CAPE dapat meningkatkan viabilitas dan menghambat respons inflamasi sel fibroblas. Satu literatur melaporkan bahwa bahan carbonated hydroxyapatite yang direndam dalam propolis dapat meningkatkan viabilitas sel fibroblas. Dua literatur menyatakan bahwa bone graft hidroksiapatit-gelatin tidak bersifat sitotoksik serta dapat memicu adhesi dan proliferasi sel fibroblas. Kesimpulan: Propolis dan material hidroksiapatit-gelatin sebagai bahan bone graft tidak bersifat sitotoksik terhadap sel fibroblas.

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Background: Bone graft material must be effective and safe with good quality. Alloplastic graft is a type of bone graft that can be made from synthetic materials such as hydroxyapatite and gelatin. Propolis is a natural material derived from bees which is reported to have the potential to accelerate the bone regeneration process by reducing inflammation and increasing cell activity through the active ingredient CAPE. Therefore, it is expected that propolis can add benefits when combined with hydroxyapatite-gelatin. However, the addition of an ingredient to a medical material so that it becomes a new medical material requires a test of the efficacy and safety of each ingredient. One of the safety tests is the cytotoxicity test of cells that may come into contact to determine biocompatibility of the material. Objective: To determine the cytotoxicity of hydroxyapatite-gelatin and propolis bone graft towards fibroblast cell viability. Methods: This literature review was conducted throughout December 2020. The search for related literature was done through 2 electronic databases, PubMed and Scopus, using keywords that match the research question. The determination of the inclusion criteria was carried out by following the flow of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses (PRISMA). Results: From the literature search results, six literatures were selected. Two literatures state that propolis in low concentrations is not cytotoxic against fibroblast cells. One literature suggests that CAPE can increase viability and inhibit the inflammatory response in fibroblasts. One literature reports that carbonated hydroxyapatite soaked in propolis can increase the viability of fibroblasts. Two literatures state that hydroxyapatite-gelatin bone graft is not cytotoxic and can promote adhesion and proliferation of fibroblast cells. Conclusion: Propolis and hydroxyapatite-gelatin material as bone graft materials are not cytotoxic to fibroblast cells."

"Sel punca adiposa (SPA) telah menjadi sumber pengobatan terkini yang menjanjikan. Penelitian terbaru menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme yang mendasari manfaat sel punca sebagai pengobatan berhubungan dengan efek modulasi parakrin daripada pemberian sel punca itu sendiri. Beberapa penelitian tentang SPA telah melaporkan adanya perubahan dalam jumlah, proliferasi, dan potensi diferensiasi, serta adanya penurunan sitokin dan growth factor pada SPA sehubungan dengan usia donor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki perubahan sekretom berdasarkan kelompok usia tua dan muda serta dampaknya terhadap sel fibroblas yang diinduksi UVB. Sel punca adiposa dari donor usia tua dan muda dikultur dan diisolasi untuk diambil sekretomnya. Sel fibroblas yang diinduksi UVB kemudian diinkubasi dengan sekretom sel punca adiposa tersebut. Parameter seperti viabilitas sel dan konsentrasi TGF-β1 pada sekretom sel punca adiposa serta presentase apoptosis, sel mati, ekpresi gen MMP-3 dan COL1A pada sel fibroblas yang diinduksi UVB dan diberikan sekretom usia donor berbeda dievaluasi untuk menilai efek perbedaan usia donor tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sekretom sel punca adiposa dengan usia donor berbeda memberikan dampak yang berbeda pada sel fibroblas yang diinduksi UVB. Konsentrasi TGF-β1 pada sekretom SPA asal donor usia muda lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan SPA donor tua. Persentase apoptosis, sel mati dan ekpresi gen MMP-3 terhadap GAPDH lebih tinggi pada sel fibroblas yang diinduksi UVB dan diberi sekretom SPA donor tua dibandingkan dengan yang diberi sekretom SPA donor muda. Ekpresi gen COL1A lebih rendah pada pada sel fibroblas yang diinduksi UVB dan diberikan sekretom SPA donor tua dibandingkan diberikan sekretom SPA donor muda. Oleh sebab itu, dapat disimpulkan adanya penurunan kemampuan sekretom sel punca adiposa usia donor tua dalam memperbaiki penuaan pada sel fibroblas yang dipajan dengan UVB, berdasarkan morfologi sel, presentase sel apoptosis dan sel mati serta ekpresi MMP-3 dan COL1A terhadap GAPDH.

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Adipose stem cells (ASC) have become a promising source of current treatment. Recent research suggests that the mechanisms underlying the benefits of stem cells as a treatment relate to paracrine modulatory effects rather than the administration of stem cells themselves. Several studies on ASC have reported changes in the number, proliferation and differentiation potential, as well as a decrease in cytokines and growth factors in ASC in relation to donor age. This study aims to investigate secretome changes based on young and old age groups and their impact on UVB- induced fibroblast cells. Adipose stem cells from young and old donors were cultured and isolated for secretome collection. The UVB-induced fibroblast cells were then incubated with the secretome of the adipose stem cells. Parameters such as cell viability and TGF-β1 concentration in the secretome of adipose stem cells as well as the percentage of apoptosis, dead cells, MMP-3 and COL1A gene expression in fibroblast cells induced by UVB and given the secretome of different donor ages were evaluated to assess the effect of differences in donor age. The results showed that the secretome of adipose stem cells with different donor ages had different impacts on UVB-induced fibroblast cells. The concentration of TGF-β1 in the secretome of SPA from young donors was higher compared to ASC from old donors. The percentage of apoptosis, cell death and expression of the MMP-3 gene against GAPDH was higher in fibroblast cells induced by UVB and given the SPA secretome of old donors compared to those given the ASC secretome of young donors. COL1A gene expression was lower in fibroblast cells induced by UVB and given the ASC secretome of old donors compared to those given the ASC secretome of young donors. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a decrease in the ability of the secretome of adipose stem cells from old donors to improve aging in fibroblast cells exposed to UVB, based on cell morphology, the percentage of apoptotic cells and dead cells as well as the expression of MMP-3 and COL1A against GAPDH."