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"ABSTRAKThe study was concerned with the effects of the organic loading as food/microbe (F/M) and nitrogen concentration as BOD5: TN on the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system efficiency and performance with 1:5 diluted-electroplating wastewater (EPWW) solutions. The results showed that chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD5) removal efficiencies were almost the same with the organic loadings of 0.125-0.375 kg BOD5/m3.d. The CN- and Zn2+ loadings of 1.2-2.9 and 1.6-4.0 g/m3.d did not show strong repression effects to the COD and BOD5 removal efficiencies. In addition, the high Zn2+ removal efficiency level of 94-96% was detected. Moreover, the system did not show any difference in Zn2+ and COD removal efficiencies at the BOD5: TN ratios of 100:5-100:10. Urea and (NH4)2SO4 could be used as the nitrogen source of 1:5 diluted-electroplating wastewater solution. The highest COD, BOD5, Zn2+, CN-, Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiencies of 98.0±0.2, 97.0±0.7, 97.7±0.1, 93.3±1.2, 86.5±1.1 and 80.9±0.5%, respectively, were detected at the BOD5:TN ratio of 100:10 and (NH4)2SO4 was used as the nitrogen source. The system also showed good bio-sludge performance with the Sludge Volume Index (SVI) and Sludge Retention Time (SRT) values of 51±4 mL/g and 29±3 days, respectively."

"Dengan bertambahnya jumlah populasi manusia, maka jumlah sampah juga akan bertambah secara signifikan. Salah satu hasil dari akumulasi sampah dalah formasi dari air lindi di dalam landfiil sampah. Air lindi ini akan menyebabkan masalah lingkungan yang serius jika dibiarkan tidak terolah, karena konsentrasi COD dan TKN tersebut melebihi standar baku mutu lingkungan dalam Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang baku mutu air limbah.. Salah satu cara yang paling efektif adalah menggunakan Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). Sequencing Batch Reactor akan mengolah air lindi dengan media lumpur aktif dan teori aerasi dan anoksik dimana dalam penelitian ini, air lindi akan diolah dengan SBR menggunakan waktu kontak 24, 48, dan 72 jam serta menggunakan Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penyisihan dari polutan pada air lindi tua. Waktu kontak 24 jam menghasiilkan efisiensi penyisihan COD dan TKN sebesar (29,68 - 43,75)% & (83,33 - 88,59)%, untuk waktu kontak 48 jam adalah (51,94 - 65,63)% & (90,28 - 92,95)%, dan untuk waktu kontak 72 jam adalah (58,75 - 74,69)% dan (93,04 - 95,51)%. Dengan hasil tersebut, yang dapat memenuhi baku mutu Permen LH No. 5 tahun 2014 adalah penggunaan SBR dengan waktu kontak 72 jam.

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With the increase of human population, the number of waste produced will also increase significantly. One of the result of accumulation of waste is the formation of landfill leachate. This leachate will cause serious environmental problems if left unattended, because the concentration of COD and TKN surpasses the standard of waste discharge as mentioned in the Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 about the standard of waste discharge. One of the most effective way to treat this waste is by using the Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). The SBR will treat the leachate with activated sludge by using the theory of nitrification and denitrification. Whereas in this study the leachate will be treated with the Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 24, 48, and 72 hours and also using Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) to increase the effectivity of pollutant removal in older leachate. The HRT of 24 hours produced the removal efficiency COD and TKN of (29,68 - 43,75)% & (83,33 - 88,59)%, and for HRT of 48 hours (51,94 - 65,63)% & (90,28 - 92,95)%, and for HRT of 72 hours (58,75 - 74,69)% and (93,04 - 95,51)%. The HRT to satisfy PermenLH No.5 Tahun 2014 is 72 hours."

"Proses produksi gula aren di rumah Industri CV Diva Maju Bersama menghasilkan air limbah dalam prosesnya. Air limbah industri ini memiliki konsentrasi COD yang tinggi yakni lebih dari 2000 mg/l sehingga melebihi baku mutu yang telah ditetapkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisa efektivitas system Moving-bed biofilm sequencing batch reactor dalam mengurangi konsentrasi COD pada air limbah industri gula aren sekaligus kesesuaiannya dengan baku mutu yang ada. Proses penelitian berlangsung secara eksperimental pada skala laboratorium dengan menggunakan 1 unit MBSBR dengan working volume 25 liter. Media yang digunakan sebagai tempat pertumbuhan bakteri adalah Kaldness K1 dengan rasio 60. Pada proses pembebanan digunakan variasi waktu detensi 12 sampai 24 jam. Hasil percobaan menunjukan rentang efisiensi penyisihan COD pada waktu detensi 12, 18, dan 24 jam berturut-turut 84 ndash; 89 , 86 ndash; 91 , dan 88 ndash; 92 dengan konsentrasi DO optimum 2.41 ndash; 2.62 mg/l. Nilai beban organik pada rentang 3.27 ndash; 4.27 kg COD/m3.hari menghasilkan efisiensi penyisihan COD diatas 88 . Peningkatan nilai beban organik mengakibatkan penurunan efisiensi penyisihan COD. Berdasarkan uji statistik independent t-Test dan analisa terhadap baku mutu, waktu detensi 24 jam dipilih sebagai waktu detensi optimum yang akan digunakan untuk kebutuhan perancangan.

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The production of palm sugar in CV Diva Maju Bersama home industry produces waste water in the process. This industrial waste water has a high concentration of COD that is more than 2000 mg l which exceeds the quality standard. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of Moving bed biofilm sequencing batch reactor system in reducing the concentration of COD in its suitability with the quality standard. The research process was conducted experimentally on a laboratory scale. MBSBR unit with working volume 25 liters is being used during the experimental. The medium used as a place for bacterial growth is Kaldness K1 with a ratio of 60. The detention time were varied from 12 to 24 hours during the feeding time.

The results show the efficiency removal of COD at 12, 18, and 24 hours detention time respectively is 84 ndash 89 , 86 ndash 91 , and 88 ndash 92 with optimum DO concentration 2.41 2.62 mg L. The optimum organic loading rate to reach COD removal efficiency above 88 is in the range of 3.27 4.27 kg COD m3.day. The increasing of organic loading rate will result in decreased efficiency removal of COD. Based on statistical independent t Test method and also consideration of the quality standard, 24 hour detention time is chosen as the most optimum detention time that will be used for the designing requirement."

"Industri daur ulang plastik merupakan salah satu jenis industri yang mulai banyak dilakukan di Indonesia. CV Majestic Buana Group sebagai salah satu industri daur ulang plastik yang berlokasi di Bekasi menghasilkan air limbah dari proses pencucian sampah plastik. Air limbah yang dihasilkan langsung dibuang ke lingkungan tanpa suatu pengolahan. Karenanya, dibutuhkan suatu proses pengolahan untuk menurunkan tingkat polutan pada air limbah. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi karakteristik air limbah pencucian plastik, air limbah mengandung chemical oxygen demand COD dengan konsentrasi tinggi yaitu sebesar 1810 mg/L yang melebihi baku mutu pada Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup No.5 Tahun 2014. Selain itu air limbah juga mengandung konsentrasi fosfat yang tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan air limbah sejenis seperti air limbah laundry dan air limbah pencucian mobil, yaitu sebesar 25,3 mg/L. Pada penelitian ini digunakan sequencing batch reactor SBR untuk menurunkan konsentrasi COD dan fosfat. SBR dioperasikan dengan hydraulic retention time HRT yang bervariasi yaitu 12, 24, dan 36 jam untuk mendapatkan HRT optimum yang menghasilkan efisiensi SBR terbesar. Rentang efisiensi removal COD untuk HRT 12, 24, dan 36 jam secara berturut-turut adalah 83,60-90,19 ; 89,09-92,33 ; dan 89-91,93 . Sementara sistem SBR tidak mampu menghasilkan efisiensi removal fosfat yang baik karena efisiensi sangat berfluktuatif dan beberapa kali dihasilkan efisiensi bernilai negatif. Dari hasil penelitian, tidak terdapat perbedaan efisiensi removal COD yang signifikan antar HRT.

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Plastic recycling industry is one of industries that began increasing in Indonesia. CV Majestic Buana Group in Bekasi as one of the plastic recycling industries, producing wastewater from plastic waste washing process. Wastewater discharged directly into environment without any treatment. Therefore, a treatment is required to reduce the level of pollutants in the wastewater. Based on the results of the characteritation of plastic washing wastewater, wastewater contains high concentration of COD for 1810 mg L which exceeds the quality standard in Regulation of Minister of Environment Number 5 Year 2014. In addition, wastewater also contains high concentration of phosphate when compared with other wastewater such as laundry wastewater and car wash wastewater, the concentration is 25,3 mg L. This study using sequencing batch reactor SBR to reduce the concentration of COD and phosphate. SBR runs with varying hydraulic retention times HRT of 12, 24, and 36 hours to get the optimal HRT that resulting the greatest SBR efficiency. The COD removal efficiency range for HRT 12, 24, and 36 hours respectively are 83,60 90,19 89,09 92,33 and 89 91,93 . While the SBR system is not capable of producing high phosphate removal efficiency because the efficiency is fluctuate and several times produced negative efficiency. This research showed that there is no significant difference of COD removal efficiency between HRT."