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Abstrak :
Stunting adalah kondisi tinggi badan anak yang terlalu pendek berdasarkan usia karena kekurangan gizi kronis dan atrofi usus. Daun kelor direkomendasikan sebagai makanan pendamping untuk menekan stunting karena mengandung protein dan zat besi yang tinggi. Namun, zat besi dalam ekstrak daun kelor dapat membentuk kompleks dengan zat anti nutrisi dan polifenol yang menyebabkan ukuran molekul lebih besar sehingga sulit diabsorpsi. Fitosom adalah teknologi untuk meningkatkan absorpsi fitokonstituen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan fitosom yang mengandung ekstrak daun kelor untuk meningkatkan absorpsi pada saluran cerna. Tiga formula fitosom dikembangkan yaitu F1, F2, F3 dengan rasio bobot ekstrak dan fosfatidilkolin masing-masing 1:1; 1:1,5; 1:2, kemudian fitosom dikarakterisasi meliputi morfologi, distribusi ukuran partikel, potensial zeta, efisiensi penjerapan, dan FTIR. Formula tebaik digunakan pada formulsi serbuk instan. Serbuk instan dibuat dua formula, yaitu serbuk instan fitosom (SF) dan serbuk instan non fitosom (SNF), kemudian dilakukan uji absorpsi in vitro menggunakan metode kantong usus terbalik. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan F1 adalah formula fitosom terbaik dengan ukuran partikel 93,20 ± 4,84 nm, indeks polidispersitas 0,230 ± 0,03, potensial zeta -30,93 ± 0,67 mV, dan efisiensi penjerapan tertinggi. Spektrum IR menunjukkan terjadi pembentukan fitosom karena adanya ikatan hidrogen antara fitokonstituen dan fosfatidilkolin dengan adanya puncak baru pada bilangan gelombang 1600,71 cm-1 dan 1377,11 cm-1. Berdasarkan hasil uji absorpsi in vitro SF memiliki jumlah kumulatif zat besi terabsorpsi tertinggi yaitu 6,5 ± 0,05 μg. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa SF dapat meningkatkan absorpsi zat besi melewati usus. ......Stunting is a condition height of child is too short for age due chronic malnutrition and intestinal atrophy. Moringa leaves are a complementary food to suppress stunting because high content of protein and iron. However, iron in Moringa leaf extract can be formed complexes with anti-nutritional substances and polyphenols causes larger molecular size that is difficult to absorb. Phytosomes are technology to enhance the absorption of phytoconstituents. The purpose of this study was developed phytosomes containing Moringa leaf extract to increase absorption in gastrointestinal tract. Three phytosome formulas were developed F1, F2, F3 with a weight ratio extract and phosphatidylcholine 1:1; 1:1.5; 1:2, then characterized including morphology, particle size distribution, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, and FTIR. The best formula used in instant powder formulations. The instant powder was made into two formulas instant phytosome powder (SF) and instant non-phytosome powder (SNF), an in vitro absorption test was carried out using everted gut sac method. The characterization results showed that F1 was the best phytosome formula with a particle size 93.20 ± 4.84 nm, polydispersity index 0.230 ± 0.03, zeta potential -30.93 ± 0.67 mV, and the highest entrapment efficiency. The IR phytosome spectrum showed formation due hydrogen bonding between phytoconstituents and phosphatidylcholine with new peaks at wave numbers of 1600.71 cm-1 and 1377.11 cm-1. Based on in vitro absorption test, SF had the highest cumulative amount of absorbed iron was 6.5 ± 0.05 mg. Based on these results, it concluded that SF increase iron absorption through the intestine.

Abstrak :
[ABSTRAK
Suplemen besi yang mengandung ferrous sulfat umum digunakan untuk anti anemia. Sediaan ini memiliki rasa tidak enak, menyebabkan mual dan jika digunakan dengan dosis besar dan jangka waktu lama dapat menyebabkan efek samping. Perlu dicari alternative sumber lain, termasuk dari tanaman. Daun Moringa pterigospera Gaertn dipilih karena mengandung besi dan suplemen lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat formulasi serbuk instan untuk anti anemia sebagai alternatif suplementasi zat besi selain dari ferous sulfat, dengan menggunakan ekstrak dari daun kelor (Moringa pterigosperma Gaertn). Ekstrak diperoleh dengan metode Microwave Assisted Extraction. Optimasi kondisi dibuat dengan memvariasikan pelarut etanol (0-70%), daya listrik microwave (450-900 watt) dan waktu ekstraksi 3-10 menit. Analisa kadar besi dilakukan menggunakan Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom pada panjang gelombang 248 nm. Formula serbuk instan dibuat dengan 3 konsentrasi natrium CMC sebagai bahan pensuspensi. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimal ekstraksi yang menghasilkan kandungan besi paling besar (2,4 mg/g ekstrak) dicapai dengan daya listrik 900 watt, waktu ekstraksi 10 menit dan pelarut air suling. Berdasarkan uji hedonis dengan 30 panelis, formula dengan 5% natrium CMC paling disukai. Bentuk serbuk memiliki kadar air 2,31%, laju alir 7,74 g/detik dan bentuk rekonstitusinya memiliki pH 5,78, dan viskositas 15,98 cps.

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ABSTRACT
Iron supplement contains ferrous sulfate is commonly used for anemia. Ferrous sulfate has bad taste, can cause nausea, and made adverse effects if taken in large doses for long periods. It is necessary to find an alternative source of raw materials, including those from plants. Moringa pterigospera Gaertn leaves was selected because it contains iron and other nutritions. The purpose of this work was to make instant powder formula for anti anemia using Moringa leave?s extract as an alternative for ferous suphate iron suplementation. The extraction was performed by Microwave Assisted Extraction method. Optimation of extraction condition was performed by creating some variations in solvent composition (0- 70% ethanol), microwave power (450 to 900 watts) and extraction time (3 to 10 min). Iron content was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer at wavelength of 248 nm. Instant powder formula was made in 3 concentrations of sodium CMC as suspending agent. Results of the study showed that the most optimal extraction condition which resulted the highest iron content (2.4 mg iron/g extracts) achieved with 900 watts microwave power, 10 min extraction time and aquademineralisata. According to 30 panelists of hedonic test, formula which used 5% w/w of sodium CMC got the highest scores. Its powder form had 2.31% of loss on drying and 7.74 g/sec of flow rate for powder form and pH of 5.78, viscosity of 15.98 cps for reconstituted form.;Iron supplement contains ferrous sulfate is commonly used for anemia. Ferrous sulfate has bad taste, can cause nausea, and made adverse effects if taken in large doses for long periods. It is necessary to find an alternative source of raw materials, including those from plants. Moringa pterigospera Gaertn leaves was selected because it contains iron and other nutritions. The purpose of this work was to make instant powder formula for anti anemia using Moringa leave’s extract as an alternative for ferous suphate iron suplementation. The extraction was performed by Microwave Assisted Extraction method. Optimation of extraction condition was performed by creating some variations in solvent composition (0- 70% ethanol), microwave power (450 to 900 watts) and extraction time (3 to 10 min). Iron content was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer at wavelength of 248 nm. Instant powder formula was made in 3 concentrations of sodium CMC as suspending agent. Results of the study showed that the most optimal extraction condition which resulted the highest iron content (2.4 mg iron/g extracts) achieved with 900 watts microwave power, 10 min extraction time and aquademineralisata. According to 30 panelists of hedonic test, formula which used 5% w/w of sodium CMC got the highest scores. Its powder form had 2.31% of loss on drying and 7.74 g/sec of flow rate for powder form and pH of 5.78, viscosity of 15.98 cps for reconstituted form., Iron supplement contains ferrous sulfate is commonly used for anemia. Ferrous sulfate has bad taste, can cause nausea, and made adverse effects if taken in large doses for long periods. It is necessary to find an alternative source of raw materials, including those from plants. Moringa pterigospera Gaertn leaves was selected because it contains iron and other nutritions. The purpose of this work was to make instant powder formula for anti anemia using Moringa leave’s extract as an alternative for ferous suphate iron suplementation. The extraction was performed by Microwave Assisted Extraction method. Optimation of extraction condition was performed by creating some variations in solvent composition (0- 70% ethanol), microwave power (450 to 900 watts) and extraction time (3 to 10 min). Iron content was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer at wavelength of 248 nm. Instant powder formula was made in 3 concentrations of sodium CMC as suspending agent. Results of the study showed that the most optimal extraction condition which resulted the highest iron content (2.4 mg iron/g extracts) achieved with 900 watts microwave power, 10 min extraction time and aquademineralisata. According to 30 panelists of hedonic test, formula which used 5% w/w of sodium CMC got the highest scores. Its powder form had 2.31% of loss on drying and 7.74 g/sec of flow rate for powder form and pH of 5.78, viscosity of 15.98 cps for reconstituted form.]